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Microbiological Quality of “Rabilé”, a Yeast Used for Fermentation of Dolo, a Local Beer in Dédougou, Burkina Faso

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 849-864页

作者： Amana Metuor Dabiré Nicolas ouédraogo Cheick Alassane Djibila Damis Yves Patrik Bouniounou Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory (LABIOGENE) Universit&#233 Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Training and Research Unit in Applied Sciences and Technologies Department of Biochemistry Microbiology University of Dedougou Dedougou Burkina Faso National Center for Research and Training on Malaria (CNRFP) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Sorghum beer or dolo is part of the eating habits of part of the population of Dédougou because of its low price compared with industrial beers. Its production is an ancestral tradition that uses traditional equipment and gives dolo organoleptic properties that are not found in industrial beers. The production process involves several stages, including fermentation, which itself comprises natural lactic fermentation followed by alcoholic fermentation using traditional yeasts, which are not controlled in any way. The general aim of this study is to assess the microbiological quality of these fermentative yeasts in the town of Dédougou, in order to contribute to the health safety of the population and the promotion of these local beers. Twenty samples of fermenting yeast were analyzed according to ISO standards, to isolate enterobacteria, total and faecal coliforms according to standard procedures for isolating these micro-organisms. The isolated strains were identified using the API20E gallery. Microbiological analyses revealed the presence of 51.17% enterobacteria, 45.38% total coliforms and 3.45% thermotolerant coliforms. We counted 40% Escherichia coli, 20% Enterobacter cloacae, 20% Klebsiella pneumoniae and 20% Klebsiella spp. All the strains detected are capable of surviving in hostile conditions and could harm the quality of the dolo, consumer health and cause real collective food poisoning in the town of Dédougou. This enabled us to assess the microbial quality of these yeasts and to propose more suitable measures for producing and preserving dolo under hygienic conditions to protect consumer health.

关键词： Dolo Yeast Rabilé Microbiological Quality Bacteria

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Experimental Study of Air Layer Drag Reduction with Bottom Cavity for A Bulk Carrier Ship Model

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China Ocean Engineering 2019年第5期33卷 554-562页

作者： WU Hao ou Yong-peng Key Laboratory of High Performance Ship Technology (Wuhan University of Technology) Ministry of Education Wuhan 430063 China School of Transportation Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430063 China College of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Naval University of Engineering Wuhan 430033 China

Air lubrication by means of a bottom cavity is a promising method for ship drag reduction. The characteristics of the bottom cavity are sensitive to the flow field around the ship hull and the effect of drag reduction, especially the depth of the bottom cavity. In this study, a ship model experiment of a bulk carrier is conducted in a towing tank using the method of air layer drag reduction (ALDR) with different bottom cavity depths. The shape of the air layer is observed, and the changes in resistance are measured. The model experiments produce results of approximately 20% for the total drag reduction at the ship design speed for a 25-mm cavity continuously supplied with air at Cq = 0.224 in calm water, and the air layer covers the whole cavity when the air flow rate is suitable. In a regular head wave, the air layer is easily broken and reduces the drag reduction rate in short waves, particularly when λ/Lw1 is close to one;however, it still has a good drag reduction effect in the long waves.

关键词： air layer drag reduction bulk carrier model test depth of cavity air layer shape

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Amides as surrogates of aldehydes for C–C bond formation:amide-based direct Knoevenagel-type condensation reaction and related reactions

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第1期63卷 11-15页

作者： Wei ou Pei-Qiang Huang Department of Chemistry Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University

Aldehydes are perhaps the most versatile compounds that enable many C-C bond forming reactions,which are not amenable for other subclasses of carbonyl *** report the first use of amides as surrogates of aldehydes for C-C bond formation,namely,the direct Knoevenagel-type condensation based on *** one-pot method consists of controlled reduction of an amide with LDBIPA[LiAlH(iBu)2(OiPr)],Lewis acid-mediated release of a reactive iminium ion intermediate,nucleophilic addition,and in situ elimination of *** reaction shows good functional group *** also demonstrated that the Schwartz reagent could be used as an alternative of *** employment of nitromethane and a silyl enol ether as the nucleophiles opens an avenue for the unprecedented amide-based nitro-aldol condensation reaction and aldol condensation reaction,respectively.

关键词： amides Knoevenagel condensation C–C bond formation one-pot reaction amide transformation

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Experimental Study of the Thermal Behavior of a Bioclimatic Building Prototype in a Sahelian Zone

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2024年第8期15卷 187-199页

作者： Arouna Kaboré Boukaré ouédraogo Sayouba Sandwidi Vincent Zoma Hermann Kaboré Kalifa Palm Laboratoire des Energies Thermiques et Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Physique Spatiale et Energtique (LACAPSE) Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de lEnvironnement Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire des Systmes dEnergie Renouvelable et Environnement Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Buildings constructed with modern materials (cement blocks, sheet metal, reinforced concrete, etc.) in the Sahelian zone often generate excessive electricity consumption and consequently very high electricity bills. This study is a contribution to the development of new building types based on the principle of bioclimatic construction. The aim is to find materials suited to the Sahelian climate and improve thermal comfort. To this end, an experimental study of the hygrothermal behavior of a bioclimatic building prototype with a domed roof is being carried out. Site meteorological data, air temperature and relative humidity of the building’s internal environment were measured for three climatic seasons in Burkina Faso. The data acquisition system consists of thermocouples, solarimeters and humidity meters, and the data are processed using Excel and Origin Pro software. The results show that, despite the high temperature values (between 36˚C and 39˚C) of the internal environment measured in the hot season, good thermal performance is achieved, in particular an average phase shift of 7.17 h and an average damping of 10.81˚C. The dome-roofed building could therefore contribute to limiting heat transmission to the building interior, improving thermal comfort all year round. Analysis of humidity profiles shows that indoor humidity varies between 66% and 80% for the September period, and between 44% and 69% for the January period. The high values of internal ambient humidity could be reduced by very good ventilation of the building. This study shows that the proposed bioclimatic building prototype with domed roof could be integrated into the Sahelian habitat.

关键词： Thermal Comfort Hygrothermal Behavior Bioclimatic Building Thermal Inertia Domed Roof

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A novel tuned heave plate system for heave motion suppression and energy harvesting on semi-submersible platforms

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2016年第6期59卷 897-912页

作者： LIU Kun ou Jin Ping School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Institute of Ocean Deep Water Engineering Dalian University of Technology

Deepwater offshore structures such as semi-submersible platforms suffer powerful ocean waves due to their location and site condition. The long distance away from the shore also brings many difficulties to energy supply for the platform operation. How to reduce the response of the platform and convert the wave energy into electrical power is a meaningful topic. In this paper, a tuned heave plate system(THP) is presented and designed to be employed on a semi-submersible platform for heave motion suppression and energy harvesting. This THP system is composed of spring supports, a power take-off system(PTO), and a heave plate. The PTO system is a permanent magnet linear generator(PMLG), which could directly convert the kinetic energy of the heave plate into electronic power. The stiffness of the spring supports is designed based on the principle of the tuned mass damper(TMD). The numerical model of the platform and the THP system is established according to the hydrodynamic analysis results of the platform. The model is tested and modified by scale model tests on the platform in the wave tank. A parameter study, including the size, tuned period, and damping ratio of the THP system, is conducted systematically based on the numerical model. The optimal parameters of the THP are selected due to the maximum heave motion reduction under severe wave conditions in South China Sea. The performance of the semi-submersible with and without the THP system under different wave conditions is analyzed. It is demonstrated that this novel tuned heave plate system could reduce the heave motion of the semi-submersible platform significantly and generate considerable power, which makes the THP system have a broad prospect for development.

关键词： heave motion semi-submersible wave energy harvesting wave energy converter TMD

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Inventory and Distribution of Mango Mealybugs Species in Western Burkina Faso: Relative Abundance and Population Fluctuation

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Advances in Entomology 2016年第3期4卷 191-199页

作者： Karim Nébié Souleymane Nacro Issoufou ouédraogo Dona Dakouo Lenli Claude Otoidobiga Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Direction Régionale de Recherches Environnementales et Agricoles de l’Ouest (DRREAO) Station de Farako-Ba Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnementet de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Centre Régional de Formation et de Recherches Environnementales et Agricoles de Kamboinsé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Rastrococus invadens was the only reported mealybug species on the mango tree in Western Burkina Faso. This study aimed at carrying out the inventory and showing the importance and distribution of other mealybug species associated with the mango tree. It was also important to determine the periods of abundance of these species vis-a-vis R. invadens. For this purpose, the density of mealybugs was assessed in three study sites (Toussiana, Bérégadougou and Orodara) in Western Burkina Faso. The observations were made from June 2014 to June 2015 at a frequency of 15 ± 1 days. They focused on 20 leaves (5 leaves/cardinal point) levied on each mango tree. The species identified as Ferrisia virgata Cockerell and Icerya aegyptiaca Douglas were collected from mangos infested by R. invadens representing 98% - 99% of the density of the observed mealybug species. The periods of abundance of F. virgata and I. aegyptiaca were respectively the dry season and the rainy season. The effect of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on the populations of F. virgata and I. aegyptiaca was also discussed. These results highlight the distribution range of F. virgata and I. aegyptiaca worldwide including Burkina Faso. R. invadens was the main mealybug species on mango in Burkina Faso in general and in the Western region of the country in particular.

关键词： Mango Mealybugs Rastrococus invadens Ferrisia virgata Icerya aegyptiaca

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Phytochemical Composition and Insecticidal Property of Native Plants against the Cowpea Weevil Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) for Natural Preservation of Cowpea Seeds

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第1期12卷 56-66页

作者： Elias Mano Rabièta Simde Koï Wenceslas Kam Nadjatou ouédraogo Désiré Dramane Abdoul Khader Sanou Rasmané Abdou ouédraogo Boubakar ouattara Pierre Alexandre Eric Djifaby Sombié Souleymane Nacro Laboratory of Natural Substances and Technologies of Natural Products and the Environment (LABTECH-PRONE) Institute of Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Central Horticulture Laboratory of the Regional Center of Excellence in Fruits and Vegetables of Bobo-Dioulasso Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Animal Biology and Physiology University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Agricultural Training School of Matourkou (ENAFA) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institute of Rural Development (IDR) Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

About 80% of cowpea seeds are lost along with 30% of their weight after six months of unprotected storage due to attacks by Callosobruchus maculatus. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of applying bioinsecticides on the biological parameters of C. maculatus to reduce its damage to cowpea stocks. Four treatments including an untreated control and three doses of powdery extracts of C. nigricans, Z. zanthoxyloides and H. suaveolens, were compared in a Fischer block with four completely randomized repetitions. One hundred undamaged cowpea seeds were mixed with doses of each extract in Petri dishes and then fed as food substrates to ten pairs of C. maculatus for eight days. The extracts of H. suaveolens, C. nigricans and Z. zanthoxyloides all contain active ingredients including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and alkaloids, etc. The extract of Z. zanthoxyloides was found to be more active on adults (100.00% mortality) followed by C. nigricans (98.75% mortality) and H. suaveolens (97.50% mortality) at 80 mg/g. Fecundity per female decreased significantly in the treated batches of 13.82 eggs for H. suaveolens at 10.12 eggs for C. nigricans at a dose of 80 mg/g. Germination rate of seeds was statistically raised to 100% at 60 and 80 mg/g by C. nigricans powder and lowered to 83.00% at 20 mg/g by Z. zanthoxyloides extracts. The application of Z. zanthoxyloides extract would be a less expensive alternative for the sustainable management of C. maculatus in cowpea stocks.

关键词： Cassia nigricans Hyptis suaveolens Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Biological Activities Vigna unguiculata Pest Burkina Faso

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The Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Management of Trophoblastic Diseases (TMD) at the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado ouedraogo (UTH-YO) of ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第13期8卷 1376-1388页

作者： ouattara Adama ouedraogo Nde Nina Astrid Lankoandé Bako Natacha Tougma Sanou Aline Sawadogo Yobi Alexis Millogo Traoré Francoise ouédraogo Marie Charlemagne ouédraogo Ali Thieba Bonané Blandine Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences (TRU/HS) University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou (UTH-YO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The Bogodogo University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou (UTH-B) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective: To describe the place of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases (GTD) at the ouagadougou UTH-YO, ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Materials and Patients: It was a prospective and descriptive study over a 3-year period from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. It took place in the gynecology and obstetrics department of at the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado ouedraogo (UTH-YO) of ouagadougou. Monitoring was based on clinical examination data, ultrasound and kinetics of β-gestational chorionic hormone (GCH) levels. Results: During the study period, we recorded 34 cases of trophoblastic diseases. The average age of the patients was 35 years with extremes of 22 and 52 years. Physical examination revealed a uterus larger than gestational age in 17 patients (56.67%) of cases. Eight (26.67%) patients were asymptomatic. The initial mean β-GCH was 453,747.8 IU/l with extremes of 5903 IU/l and 1,890,000 IU/l. Ultrasound was used to evoke the diagnosis in 23 patients, that to say 76.67% of the cases. Ultrasound identified 10 complete mole cases, 20 partial mole cases. For the 3 cases of invasive mole, pelvic ultrasound revealed heterogeneous intrauterine multi-vesicular images. In a case of choriocarcinoma, ultrasound found an enlarged uterus with a poorly limited intracavitary heterogeneous fundic image. Conclusion: This short series shows the central role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Indeed, the sensitivity of ultrasound is excellent in the early diagnosis of complete moles. Ultrasonography remains a good examination choice for the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic tumors despite their great polymorphism. The place of ultrasound in prognostic evaluation and treatment monitoring deserves to be studied by more important series.

关键词： Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases (GTD) UTH-YO Ultrasound

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Numerical Investigation of the Load Distribution between the Main Blade and the Splitter Blade in a High-Loading Centrifugal Compressor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1682-1695页

作者： ou Jun JIN Donghai GUI Xingmin Aeroengine Simulation Research Center School of Energy and Power EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China Jiangxi Research Institute of Beihang University Nanchang330096China

In the traditional design of the centrifugal compressor,the splitter blade and the main blade always keep the same ***,to enable high efficiency of the high-loading centrifugal compressor,the matching of design parameters of the splitter blade and the main blade needs to be *** this paper,the influence of the load distribution between the main blade and the splitter blade on the aerodynamic performance,the flow field,and the internal vortices of a high-loading centrifugal compressor were studied by means of CFD *** cases with different values of the variable CR which is defined as the load-ratio of splitter blade to main blade were set *** each case,the splitter blade and the main blade were shaped according to different laws of circulation distribution(_(r)V_(u))while the average circulation of the splitter blade and the main blade at any meridional position were consistent with that of the *** results showed that a proper reduction of the load-ratio of splitter blade to main blade is beneficial to suppress the leakage vortex of the splitter blade and reduce the scale of the wake in the channel near the suction-side of the splitter blade,which consequently improves the flow uniformity at the impeller outlet and enhances the aerodynamic performance of both the stage and the *** stage isentropic efficiency of the optimal case was found to be 0.7%higher than that of the prototype and the stage total pressure ratio was also *** optimal value of CR,which in this investigation is 94%,is supposed to be the result of the trade-off between the development of the wake and the leakage vortices in adjacent two *** optimization of the load distribution between the main blade and the splitter blade provides an opportunity to further improve the high-loading centrifugal compressor performance.

关键词： high-loading centrifugal compressor load distribution performance flow uniformity wake leakage vortex

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Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects and Management of Cleft Lip and/or Palate in Burkina Faso: A Humanitarian Pediatric Surgery-Based Study

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第2期5卷 113-120页

作者： Kisito Nagalo Isso ouédraogo Jean-Martin Laberge Louise Caouette-Laberge Jean Turgeon Service of Pediatrics Clinique El Fateh-Suka Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Training and Research Unit of Health Sciences University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Pediatric Surgery Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Mission Sourires d’Afrique Montreal Canada Department of Pediatric Surgery McGill University Montreal Canada Department of Surgery University of Montreal Montreal Canada Department of Pediatrics University of Montreal Montreal Canada

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate are the most common orofacial malformations. Many studies, especially in developed countries have been conducted on this malformation, but in Burkina Faso, data are scarce and they are not specific to children. The aim of this study was to report the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of cleft lip and/or palate in children in a low-income country. Materials and Method: The authors conducted a retrospective descriptive study based on data of three humanitarian missions of pediatric reconstructive facial surgery which took place in 2007, 2010 and 2014 at Clinique El Fateh-Suka in ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. All children of 0 - 14 years of age, presenting with cleft lip and/or palate, were included in the study. Results: A total of 185 cases of cleft lip and/or palate were seen during these three humanitarian surgery missions. There were 100 boys and 85 girls. The average age of the children was 2.4 ± 3.2 years [0 - 12 years];there were 8.7% newborns. The commonest type of cleft was cleft lip and palate (49.7%) followed by isolated cleft lip (48.7%) and isolated cleft palate (1.6%). The left side was the most affected (49.2%). In 21.1% of cases, clefts were associated with other congenital malformations. In total, 150 of 185 (81.1%) children underwent surgery and there were no postoperative complications reported. Conclusions: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cleft lip and/or palate observed in this study are not very different from those described elsewhere in Africa. However, in our conditions, there are circumstances and structural factors which hinder the diagnosis and constitute challenges that must be addressed for adequate management of this congenital, highly disfiguring malformation.

关键词： Orofacial Clefts Cleft Lip and/or Palate Congenital Malformations Humanitarian Surgery International Cooperation

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