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Microbial Quality and Molecular Identification of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Dried, Smoked, and Braised Fish Sold in ouagadougou Markets

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 59-76页

作者： Arouna ouédraogo Ganamé Abasse ouédraogo Henri Sidabéwindin ouédraogo François Tchoumbougnang Cheikna Zongo Aly Savadogo Laboratoire de Biochimie et d’Immunologie Appliqué es (LABIA) Universit&eacute Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Valorisation et Contrô le de Qualit&eacute Institut des Sciences Halieutiques Universit&eacute de Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: The investigation of toxin genes in strains involved in staphylococcal food poisoning contributes to food safety. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus strains from dried, smoked, and braised fish sold in ouagadougou markets. Methodology: Staphylococci were isolated using standard microbiology methods. Staphylococcus strains were identified using API Staph kit (Reference # 20500, BioMerieux S.A., Marcy l'Etoile, France). The molecular identification of isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains was specifically confirmed by PCR using the Staur4 and Staur6 primers. The genes encoding enterotoxins, enterotoxin-like toxins, exfoliative toxins, and TSST-1 toxin were detected by multiplex PCR using specific primers from Inquaba Biotec West Africa Ltd, Africa's Genomics Company. Results: The results of the microbiological quality assessment indicated that most of the samples analyzed were found to be of unsatisfactory microbiological quality according to the Staphylococcus aureus microbiological criteria (m = 102). Overall, only 12.55% of samples were satisfactory, while 97.45% were unsatisfactory. The STAPH API gallery allowed the identification of the following species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus capitis. Of the 108 Staphylococcus isolates, 81 (75%) showed at least one (1) toxin gene. Among the 21 toxin genes tested in this study, 20 genes were detected in all strains analyzed. The staphylococcal toxin genes detected were present in both Staphylococcus aureus and the other coagulase-negative strains isolated in this study. In addition, these genes are found individually or in association in certain strains. The most frequent genes detected in toxin gene-positive strains were: the tsst-1 gene in 45 isolated strains (41.7%), sei (16/14.8%), seg (13/12%), ser (

关键词： Fish Stapholocuccus Toxin Genes ouagadougou

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Analysis of Chinese Anti-Suit Injunctions in SEP Litigation

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科技与法律（中英文） 2025年第1期 138-148页

作者： ou Fuyong Zhang Xiaoxiao Law School Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China

In this article,two cases of Standard Essential Patents,ruled by the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China,are presented and *** first Chinese anti-suit injunction in SEP litigation appeared in the first case through the method of behavior preservation,and the second case illustrates a clear intent by the Chinese courts to compete for global royalty rate *** international concerns raised about these cases,it is proved that the anti-suit injunction cases in China do not show any abusive or illegal *** worldwide anti-suit injunctions in China are granted legitimately with legal jurisdiction over the cases,sufficient legal grounds for behavior preservation with the nature of anti-suit injunctions,the necessity of granting worldwide injunctions,and suitable granting *** pieces of advice are proposed for the future application of anti-suit injunctions,including improvements in the predictability of validity scope,consistency of implementation,and clarification of penalties.

关键词： anti-suit injunction anti-anti-suit injunction FRAND royalty rate jurisdiction SEP

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Acute Oral Toxicity and Vasorelaxant Effects of Hydroethanolic Extract from Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) Trunk Barks in Mice Aortas: Possible Involvement of Intracellular Ca²⁺ Mobilization

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第12期14卷 530-549页

作者： Mathieu Nitiéma Bertrand Kafando Windingoudi Rimwagna Christian ouédraogo Bibata Sawadogo Boukaré Kaboré Wendkouni Leila Marie Esther Bélem-Kabré Tata Kadiatou Traoré Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwindé ouédraogo Salfo ouédraogo Lazare Belemnaba Aristide Traoré Moussa ouédraogo Noufou ouédraogo Bondo Félix Kini Sylvin ouédraogo Laboratoirede Recherche-Développement de Phytomédicaments et Médicaments Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoirede Développement du Médicament (LADME)/CEA-CFOREM Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Lannea microcrapa Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) is a fruit and medicinal plant widely used in Burkina Faso. This plant is traditionally used in the treatment of hypertension. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vasorelaxant effects of the hydroethanolic extract from Lannea microcarpa trunk barks (HE_ELM) on the aorta isolated from NMRI mice. Phytochemical screening by HPTLC, assay of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, assessment of antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and LPO), and myography of HE_ELM (1 - 2000 μg/mL) on mice thoracic aortas in the presence and absence of endothelium were carried out. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independant vasodilation were assessed by cumulative addition of Ach (1 nM - 10 μM) on aortic rings precontracted with the thromboxane analogue A2 agonist, 9,11-dideoxy9α,11α-methanoepoxy PGF2α (U46619). L-NAME was used to verify the involvement of NO production in the relaxation mechanism of the extract. Acute oral toxicity of HE_ELM was also evaluated. A phytochemical study revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, sterols and triterpenes, saponosides, and high levels of total phenolics and flavonoids. These compounds are thought to be responsible for the extract’s antioxidant and vasorelaxant properties. HE_ELM demonstrated significant antioxidant potential and induced aortic relaxation. Indeed, pharmacological parameters gave EC50 values ranging from 596.45 ± 95.82 μg/mL to 749.48 ± 133.40 μg/mL and Emax values from 85.51% ± 9.59% to 96.81% ± 8.60% for the three conditions of vasodilation of the extract (p > 0.05). A complete antagonism of the contractile effect of U46619 was noted with 1 mg/mL HE_ELM. These results suggest that HE_ELM induces aortic relaxation through a concentration-dependent, endothelium-independent mechanism, possibly involving intracellular calcium mobilization of vascular cells. Acute oral toxicity tests of HE_ELM (2000 mg/kg) showed no mortality or adverse effects, sugge

关键词： Lannea macrocarpa Hydroethanolic Extract Phytoconstituents Antioxidant Vasorelaxant Effects Safety

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Study of the behaviour of the dielectric constant in Cu,Fe:BaTiO_3

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第3期9卷 429-434页

作者： Alioune ouEdraogo Kalifa PALM issaka ouEdraogo Guy CHANUSSOT Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Physics UFR/SEA University of Ouagadougou BP 7021 Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Dielectrics University of Dijon 21000 Dijon France)

In this work we study the behaviour of the dielectric constant of BaTiO3 single crystals doped with Cu and Fe for different ion percentages, particularly, the influence of these hetemvalent substitutions on the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition whose temperature is found at Tc=120℃ for pure samples. The dielectric constant e in terms of temperature shows that the Curie temperature decreases when the quantity of impurities increases and presents a broadening and flattering of the maximum oft（T） within higher values, with the transition becoming more and more diffuse. It is interesting to have a material with very high permittivity （high-k） because of its capacity to store an important quantity of electric charges. The t anisotropy and the Curie-Weiss law are also verified with a good ratio between the slopes ofε^-l（T） from both sides of the transition, leading to a Curie constant： C= 13 × 10^4 K for BaTiO3：1.6%Fe in the polar phase. BaTiO3 is a displacive ferroelectric going through a first-order phase transition. The substitutions have an effect on the dynamics of the perovskite lattice. They induce charges transfer to Ti and a diminution of elastic forces in BaTiO3. Then we discuss the transition but on the nature of the material. fact that the maximum of permittivity does not depend on the phase

关键词： Phase transition Ferroelectric BaTiO3 Remeika single crystals Dielectric constant Curie constant

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Abdominal Trauma during Pregnancy with Splenic Rupture and Fetal Death in Utero at Bogodogo University Hospital: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1407-1413页

作者： Yobi Alexis Sawadogo Emmanuel ouédraogo Adama ouattara Issa ouédraogo Sibraogo Kiemtoré Charlemagne ouedraogo Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Bogodogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Health Science Training and Research Unit Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ouahigouya Regional University Hospital Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Yalgado Oudraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Splenic injury caused by abdominal trauma during pregnancy is rare. Splenic injury associated with fetal death in utero following a fall from a tree top is even rarer. The authors report a case of splenic trauma associated with fetal death in utero following a fall from the top of a tree in a 19-year-old pregnant woman at 30 weeks amenorrhoea. She was referred from a 1st level health facility for trauma that had occurred the day before admission. She was in poor general condition (WHO performance status IV) and had a cardiovascular collapse. Ultrasound was used to diagnose haemoperitoneum and fetal death in utero. A CT scan was used to diagnose splenic lesions. Treatment consisted of splenectomy and caesarean section after resuscitation.

关键词： Trauma Pregnancy Splenic Rupture Stillborn

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Quality Control of First Trimester Ultrasound Examinations in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado ouedraogo (UTH-YO) of ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第13期8卷 1399-1413页

作者： ouattara Adama Nde ouédraogo Nina Astrid Lankoandé Bako Natacha ouédraogo Smaila Nare Amelie Tougma Sanou Aline Sawadogo Yobi Alexis Millogo Traoré Francoise ouédraogo Marie Charlemagne ouédraogo Ali Thieba Bonané Blandine Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences (TRU/HS) University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou (UTH-YO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The Bogodogo University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou (UTH-B) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective: To evaluate the quality of first trimester ultrasound examinations in patients consulting in the gynecology and obstetrics department at the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado ouedraogo (UTH-YO) of ouagadougou. Method: our study took place from January 1st to March 31st 2017, in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado ouedraogo of ouagadougou. This was a descriptive study on the records of the first trimester ultrasound of pregnancy, with analysis of the iconography. We used the criteria of the Technical Committee of Fetal Echography (TCFE) of France to analyse all the ultrasound reports brought by the patients. Results: Two hundred reports were collected in three months. In terms of ultrasound identification, only 2 reports out of 200 mentioned the brand and date of first circulation and 4 specified the type of device. The study of the quality of the appointment showed that only 52% of the ultrasounds had been performed at the right time, between 11SA - 14SA of amenorrhea. For the nuchal translucency quality, we rated by the Herman score, 41.67% of the scores were of “unacceptable” quality and only 58.33% were of “acceptable” quality we did not achieve “excellent” quality. The analysis of the biparietal diameter (BIP) cuts revealed that 1/4 only anatomical cuts had been well made. Analysis of the cranio caudal length (CCL) cuts showed that only 14.58% of the CCLs had been well done. Elements of early morphology had been explored to less than 5%. Conclusion: The results revealed the acceptable quality of the NC measurements, but a small proportion of NC achieved. The quality of the ultrasound, morphological analysis and biometrics period is not very acceptable.

关键词： Ultrasonography First Trimester Reports UTH-YO

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Skin Damage and Aesthetic Disadvantage Observed in Women in the Hand Craft Shelling Chain of Cashew Nuts in a Factory to Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2017年第3期7卷 211-220页

作者： Jean-Baptiste Andonaba Sandrine Sanou Lompo Vincent ouédraogo Flore ouédraogo Muriel S. ouédraogo Issouf Konaté Boukary Diallo Adama Traoré INSSA Université Nazi Boni de Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso UFR/SDS Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Occupational dermatitis has long been an unforeseen consequence of industrial progress. Today, most occupational diseases are dermatosis throughout the world. The morbidity and the various prejudices concern different actors, especially those of the cashew industry in Bobo-Dioulasso to Burkina Faso. We considered it appropriate to conduct this study in women who handle cashew nuts in the cashew nut shelling station at a factory. The aim is to contribute to the search for preventive and curative solutions adapted to this health risk. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study with a descriptive purpose in May 2016. The study involved 112 women present in the factory in the shelling unit and having given their approval during our visit. This station is occupied by 118 women. Results: The prevalence of all dermatosis and dermatitis was estimated respectively at 98.21% and 88.39%. The manual shelling station with a shearing machine was exclusively occupied by illiterate women (72.3%) without personal protective equipment, with an average age of 33.74 ± 8.49 years. Among the clinical forms of contact dermatitis, the erythematous contact dermatitis was most observed (86.4%), followed by palmar keratoderma (70.9%), nail disorders (33.6%) and chemical burns (30%). The implication of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) was established with identified promoting factors. Aesthetic damage related to hand injuries had a significant psychosocial impact in 97.32% of cases. Discussion: Few studies exist on dermatitis and the health impacts in the reality of cashew because they reach vulnerable subjects without social welfare and health protection. The cashew nuts shell contains a highly irritating brown oily liquid. Dermatitis occurs during contact with this oily juice. The international literature reports this corrosive effect throughout the history of the chain. Human factors, technical factors and work environment aggravate the situation and compromize workwo

关键词： Dermatitis Aesthetic Shelling Unit Cashew Anacardic Acid Burkina Faso

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Episiotomy: Epidemiological Aspects, Indications and Prognosis in the Bogodogo Health District

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第13期8卷 1354-1363页

作者： ouattara Adama Lankoandé Bako Natacha ouédraogo Smaila Sawadogo Yobi Alexis Millogo Traoré Francoise ouédraogo Marie Charlemagne ouédraogo Ali Thieba Bonané Blandine Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences (TRU/HS) University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou (UTH-YO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The Bogodogo University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou (UTH-B) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objectives: To study the epidemiological aspects, indications and short and medium term prognosis of episiotomy in the health district of Bogodogo in ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Materials and Method: It was a descriptive prospective study over 4 months from 1 July 2016 to 30 October 2016. It was conducted in 4 health facilities in the health district of Bogodogo in the city of ouagadougou. The study concerned the patients who gave birth after 28 gestational age (GA) and more, vaginally with episiotomy, in the 4 health facilities and who were reviewed at the appointment of the 9th day and the 3rd month. The data were collected using a questionnaire developed for the purposes of the study, seized with a laptop, then analyzed using the Epi-info software in its 3.5.1 version of the Atlanta C.D.C. Statistical comparisons were made using the Pearson chi-square test, with a significance level of p 0.05. Results: The overall episiotomy rate was 22%. For follow-up, 248 patients were reviewed on the 9th day and 109 patients on the 3rd month. The average age of our patients was 23.1 years. The average number of pregnancies was 1.7 with nulliparous women predominating (60.5% of cases). Excision was associated with episiotomy in 92.3% of cases, with perineal narrowing in 82.5% of patients. The mediolateral episiotomy was the most performed, in 76.6% of patients. Vulvo-perineal stricture was the main indication (75% of cases). The experience during the episiotomy and the evolution following the immediate layer was marked by pain. Dyspareunia was the main difficulty in resuming sexual intercourse. Conclusion: The episiotomy rate in our study was 22%. A program of continuous improvement of the quality of care concerning episiotomy encompassing various actions (audits, training) could reduce the use of episiotomies.

关键词： Episiotomy Epidemiology Bogodogo

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Causes of Maternal Mortality According to Reports of Maternal Death Audits in the University Teaching Hospital Bogodogo (UTH-B) from January to December 2017

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第13期8卷 1345-1353页

作者： ouattara Adama ouédraogo Smaila Lankoandé Bako Coulibaly Natacha Kain Dantola Paul Tougma Sanou Aline ouédraogo Marie Charlemagne ouédraogo Ali Thieba Bonané Blandine Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences (TRU/HS) University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou (UTH-YO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The Bogodogo University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou (UTH-B) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective: To study causes of maternal mortality according to reports of maternal death audits in the University Teaching Hospital Bogodogo (UTH-B) of ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Materials and Method: This was a prospective study that took place over a year from 1 January to 31 December 2017.? It concerned maternal deaths that occurred during this period in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the University Teaching Hospital Bogodogo (UTH-B). All maternal deaths were systematically audited by the audit committee;interviews with providers and families were sometimes conducted. The record books of all patients were analyzed by the audit committee;if necessary, interviews were conducted with care providers and families. The main information collected were recorded on individual files, entered and analyzed using the software Epi-info 7. Result: During the study period, we recorded 32 maternal deaths i.e., 587 per 100,000 live births. Deceased women under age 20 were the most numerous, followed by women aged 20 to 24. The death occurred in most cases in the puerperium in 69.80% of cases. Complications of pregnancy were the most incriminated causes in maternal deaths. Bleeding was the leading cause, accounting for 34.3%. They are followed by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (21.8%) and infections (18.8%). In the contributing factors, resource factors were incriminated in 56.2% of cases, social factors in 43.7% of cases and medical factors in 25.4% of cases. Death was non-preventable in 76.2% of cases compared to 23.8% of preventable deaths. Conclusion: Maternal mortality is a major public health problem at the maternity hospital of the university hospital Yalgado ouedraogo. Hemorrhage is the first cause of death. Hypertensive diseases are more and more worrying. Solutions must be found to improve the practice of audits in the obstetrics and gynecology department of UTH-B.

关键词： Audits Review Maternal Deaths Causes of Maternal Deaths

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Anemia in Parturients within the Mother-Child Department of Tengandogo Teaching Hospital, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第12期12卷 1296-1303页

作者： Dantola Paul Kain Hyacinthe Zamané Sibraogo Kiemtoré Abdoulaye ouédraogo Ali ouédraogo Blandine Bonané/Thiéba Teaching Hospital of Tengandogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Yalgado ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective: Study the epidemiological, clinical, para-clinical and therapeutic aspects as well as the maternal and perinatal prognosis of anemia in parturients. Background: Anemia is a public health problem in Burkina Faso. It mainly affects pregnant women. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collected from January 1st to September 30th, 2021. The study population included all parturients received within the department. Results: We included 378 parturients. We included in our study, all the parturients who underwent blood count upon admission and who had a hemoglobin rate below 11 g/dl. The frequency of anemia was 35.9%. The average age of anemic parturients was 27 ± 6.3 years. Compliance with anemia preventive treatment was good in 63% of cases. out of the 378 anemic parturients, 55.8% were delivered by cesarean section. At delivery, 21 stillbirths were recorded. The mean hemoglobin level on admission was 9.27 g/dl ± 1.6. Normochromic microcytic anemia was present in 50.7% of cases. We recorded 1 case of maternal death (0.2%). The perinatal mortality rate was 7.4%. Conclusion: Despite the government’s efforts, anemia in pregnant women remains a public health problem in our country. This reality calls on decision-makers to lay emphasis on measures to prevent anemia in pregnant women.

关键词： Anemia Pregnant Women Delivery Burkina Faso

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