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Climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process in Tanzania

Regional Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 1-11页

作者： issa NYASHILU Robert KIUNSI Alphonce KYESSI Vice President’s Office Government CityDodoma2502Tanzania Department of Environmental Engineering and Technology Ardhi UniversityDar es Salaam35176Tanzania Institute of Human Settlements Studies Ardhi UniversityDar es Salaam35176Tanzania

Climate change vulnerability assessment is an essential tool for identifying regions that are most susceptible to the impacts of climate change and designing effective adaptation actions that can reduce vulnerability and enhance long-term resilience of these *** study explored a framework for climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process in Jangwani Ward,***,taking flood as an example,this study highlighted the steps and methods for climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning *** the study area,95 households were selected and interviewed through purposeful ***,10 respondents(4 females and 6 males)were interviewed for Focus Group Discussion(FGD),and 3 respondents(1 female and 2 males)were selected for Key Informant Interviews(KII)at the Ministry of Lands,Housing and Human Settlements *** study indicated that climate change vulnerability assessment framework involves the assessment of climatic hazards,risk elements,and adaptive capacity,and the determination of vulnerability *** average hazard risk rating of flood was *** and livelihood activities and physical infrastructures both had the average risk element rating of 3.0,and ecosystems had the average risk element rating of *** capacity ratings of knowledge,technology,economy or finance,and institution were 1.6,1.9,1.4,and 2.2,*** vulnerability levels of socioeconomic and livelihood activities and physical infrastructure were very high(4.0).Ecosystems had a high vulnerability level(3.8)to *** very high vulnerability level of socioeconomic and livelihood activities was driven by high exposure and sensitivity to risk elements and low adaptive *** study recommends adoption of the new urban planning process including preparation,planning,implementation,and monitoring-evaluation-review phases that integrates climate change vulnerability assessment in

关键词： Climate change Vulnerability level Climatic hazard Risk elements Adaptive capacity New urban planning process

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High-resolution multi-scale air pollution system:Evaluation of modelling performance and emission control strategies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 65-81页

作者： Diogo Lopes Joana Ferreira Sandra Rafael ka In Hoi Xin Li Yuan Liu ka-Veng Yuen kai Meng Mok Ana Isabel Miranda Department of Environment and Planning&CESAM University of AveiroAveiroPortugal Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacaoMacao SARChina

A high percentage of the world's population lives in areas where air pollutant concentrations exceed the World Health Organization *** work aims to develop and test,a high-resolution multi-scale air pollution modelling system by integrating a set of adequate *** system is able to provide detailed air pollutant concentrations in urban areas and support air quality management strategies through a better identification of different atmospheric *** also allows furthering the design and assessment of air pollution control measures for a specific *** evaluate its performance and suitability,the system was applied to the Macao Special Administrative Region(SAR),China,one of the most densely populated areas on earth,during a winter period when this area is affected by high levels of Particulate Matter(PM).Although the developed system tends to underestimate the PM concentrations,it revealed a good performance in reproducing the temporal and spatial air pollution *** exceedances of the Chinese air quality standards were calculated and high population exposure to PM pollution was *** tested urban atmospheric emission reduction scenarios have shown air quality improvements,indicating that emission reduction measures at urban level should focus on the domestic ***,it is crucial to implement joint pollution prevention strategies with neighbouring regions to improve the air quality in Macao *** approach developed in this work can support policymakers in defining new strategies to reduce atmospheric pollution in urban areas.

关键词： Urban areas High-resolution emission inventory Particulate matter Population exposure

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Can we triumph over locally advanced cervical cancer with colossal para-aortic lymph nodes? A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第10期12卷 1851-1856页

作者： Abdulla Alzibdeh issa Mohamad Lina Wahbeh Ramiz Abuhijlih Fawzi Abuhijla Department of Radiation Oncology King Hussein Cancer CenterAmman 11941Jordan

BACKGROUND Para-aortic lymph nodes(PALNs)are common sites for the regional spread of cervical squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with cervical SCC with multiple bulky PALNs,largest measured 4.5 cm×5 cm×10 *** patient was treated with radical intent with definitive chemoradiation using sequential doseescalated adaptive radiotherapy,followed by maintenance *** patient achieved a complete response;she has been doing well since the completion of treatment with no evidence of the disease for 2 *** Regardless of the size of PALN metastases of cervical carcinoma origin,it is still treatable(with radical intent)via concurrent *** radiotherapy allows dose escalation with minimal toxicity.

关键词： Cervical cancer Bulky Lymph node Radiotherapy Para-aortic Case report

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Anthropogenic noise interacts with the predation risk assessment in a free-ranging bird

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 277-283页

作者： Piotr Matyjasiak Patrycja Chacińska Piotr Książka Institute of Biological Sciences Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in WarsawWóycickiego 1/3PL-01-815 WarsawPoland Department of Environmental Acoustics Institute of Environmental Protection—National Research InstituteKolektorska 4PL-01-692 WarsawPoland

Anthropogenic noise can affect a number of behavioral,physiological,and ecological aspects of animals from major taxonomic groups,raising serious conservation *** example,noise pollution impacts communicative behavior and perception of signals,movements and distribution,as well as predator–prey interactions,such as hunting success or predator detection and predation risk *** have carried out an experimental playback study,in which we investigated whether exposure to anthropogenic noise(sound of a tractor)distracts free-ranging barn swallows Hirundo rustica from paying attention to an approaching human“predator”(the“cognitive distraction”hypothesis),or whether noise leads to increased responsiveness to this“predator”(the“increased threat”hypothesis).The subjects were male barn swallows attending their breeding territories during the time when the females were *** found that barn swallow males initiated fight at signifcantly greater distances to the approaching human“predator”in the noise treatment than during the quiet control *** results suggest that anthropogenic noise causes increased vigilance and reactivity rather than a distraction,enabling birds to avoid the“predator”more *** further discuss the mechanism behind the increased alertness in response to noise and contrast the“increased threat”mechanism,usually tested in previous studies,with an alternative“cognitive sensitization”mechanism.

关键词： anthropogenic noise barn Swallow cognitive distraction flight initiation distance Hirundo rustica predation risk assessment

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Characteristics and trends of pediatric firepit burns: insights for prevention and safety

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 54-58页

作者： Maria Fazal Charbel Chidiac Raheel Ahmad Oussama issa Erica Hodgman Alejandro V Garcia Johns Hopkins School of Medicine BaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Surgery Division of Pediatric SurgeryJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA Division of the Biological Sciences University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA School of Medicine American University of BeirutBeirutLebanon

Introduction As fire pits grow in popularity,so do the associated burn *** study examines pediatric fire pit burns characteristics to raise awareness and promote safety *** We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients(<21 years)with firepit burns at a tertiary care hospital from 2016 to *** Eighty-four patients were identified,of whom 70.2%were male,with a median age of 62 *** median percent total body surface area burned was 2%(interquartile range(IQR)=1-4).Thirty-five(41.7%)patients were admitted and 7(8.3%)underwent *** and trunk burns had the highest grafting rates(66%and 33%,respectively).The hands(41.7%)and the lower extremities(27.4%)were the most frequently burned body *** leading causes of burns were ashes/hot coals(34.5%),flames(31.0%),and direct contact(25.0%),often resulting from falling into the fire(59.5%)or running or playing in activities near it(26.2%).Thirty-five(41.7%)were admitted for inpatient management,while 49(58.3%)were treated as ***(13.2%)underwent at least one reconstructive surgery,7(8.4%)had at least one rehabilitation visit,and 65(77.4%)had follow-up clinic *** median length of stay was 2 days(IQR=1.0-3.5).The peak months for burns were from August through October(n=40,46.0%),with an increase observed from 10 cases in 2016to 20 cases in *** Given the significant proportion of firepit burns resulting from unsafe fire behaviors,it is crucial that caretakers are aware of proper firepit safety *** ofevidence Il.

关键词： burns admitted prevention

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Selective deposition of a MOF at the spikes of Au nanostars for SERS detection

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9166-9173页

作者： Yi Liu ka Kit Chui Xinyue Xia Han Zhang Xiaolu Zhuo Jianfang Wang School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518172China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077China School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310000China

In the pursuit of advancing molecular sensing through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS),the combination of plasmonic nanoparticles and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)has emerged as a highly effective approach to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of SERS ***,most prior investigations have predominantly focused on MOF-coated plasmonic nanoparticles in core@shell or layer-by-layer configurations,leaving a notable knowledge gap in exploring alternative *** we present a facile method to construct a particle-on-mirror architecture by selectively coating a MOF,zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8),onto the tips of Au nanostars and subsequently depositing the resultant nanoparticles onto a Au *** design integrates the electric field enhancement at the sharp tips and nanogaps,along with the molecular enrichment function within the porous MOF immobilized at the tips and nanogaps,leading to a substantial boost in the SERS signal *** a unique SERS platform enables consistent and outstanding SERS performance for analytes of different *** work opens up a promising strategy for constructing multifunctional nanostructures for sensitive SERS detection in real-life scenarios.

关键词： electric field enhancement gold nanostars metal-organic frameworks molecular enrichment plasmon coupling surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)substrates

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Modulation doping of p-type Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)toward improving thermoelectric performance

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 71-79页

作者： Khak Ho Lim Mingquan Li Yu Zhang Yue Wu Qimin Zhou Qingyue Wang Xuan Yang Pingwei Liu Wen-Jun Wang ka Wai Wong ka Ming Ng Yu Liu Andreu Cabot Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou Quzhou 324000China College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310007China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Ostia Technologies Limited United Kingdom Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 23Barcelona 08010Spain Catalonia Energy Research Institute-IREC Sant Adria del BesosBarcelona 08930Spain

The commercial viability of thermoelectric(TE)devices relies heavily on two factors:cost reduction and efficiency *** this study,we first produce p-type Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(16-x)(x=0,3,4)using a low-temperature bottom-up approach and demonstrate Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)to show the best TE performance among the three tested ***,the TE energy conversion efficiency of Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)is further enhanced by optimizing its electronic band structure through the incorporation of small amounts of *** an optimal Te content of 5 mol%,more than a twofold increase in the TE figure of merit(zT)is *** gain insight into the mechanism of improvement on the transport properties of the mate-rial,we compare the interphase transport mechanism by incorporating nanodomains of different metals(Ag and Cu)into the Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)*** improved electrical conductivity obtained with Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)-Te nanocomposites is attributed to a charge flooding of the Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)*** contrast,excessive down-ward band-bending at the interphases of Ag/Cu metal-semiconductor drastically reduces the electrical ***,a weighted mobility(μw)analysis shows a dominant thermal activation of carri-ers in Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)-Te *** this material,a strong decrease in lattice thermal conductivity is also found,which is associated with a phonon-carrier scattering *** work shows the impor-tance of proper band-engineering in TE nanocomposites to decouple electrical and thermal transport to enhance TE performance,and the efficacy ofμw for electrical and thermal transport analysis.

关键词： Modulation doping Thermoelectric Interphase transport Charge flooding Phonon-carrier scattering

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Functionalized selenium nanoparticles ameliorated acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through synergistically triggering PKCδ/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting CYP 2E1

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 932-945页

作者： Si Zou Yetao Gong Xiujie Li Yanbin Wu Jinzhong Wu Jianguo Wu ka-Hing Wong College of Pharmacy Fujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhou 350122China Research Institute for Future Food The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Food Science and Nutrition The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)have been demonstrated potential for use in diseases associated with oxidative *** SeNPs with lower toxicity and higher biocompatibility could bring better therapeutic activity and clinical application ***,this work was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Pleurotus tuber-regium polysaccharide-protein complex funtionnalized SeNPs(PTR-SeNPs)against acetaminophen(APAP)-induced oxidative injure in HepG2 cells and C57BL/6J mouse *** elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism,in particular their modulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway was also *** results showed that PTR-SeNPs could significantly ameliorate APAP-induced oxidative injury as evidenced by a range of biochemical analysis,histopathological examination and immunoblotting ***-SeNPs could hosphorylate and activate PKCδ,depress Keap1,and increase nuclear accumulation of Nrf2,resulting in upregulation of GCLC,GCLM,HO-1 and NQO-1 ***,PTR-SeNPs suppressed the biotransformation of APAP to generate intracellular ROS through CYP 2E1 inhibition,restoring the mitochondrial ***,the protective effect of PTR-SeNPs against APAP induced hepatotoxicity was weakened as Nrf2 was depleted in vivo,indicating the pivotal role of Nrf2 signaling pathway in PTR-SeNPs mediated hepatoprotective *** a potential hepatic protectant,PTR-SeNPs could serve as a new source of selenium supplement for health-promoting and biomedical applications.

关键词： PTR-SeNPs(polysaccharide-proteincomplex functionalized selenium nanoparticles) Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 Cytochrome P450 enzyme 2E1 Mitochondria

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Effects of length alteration of OPE-containing mono- and dinuclear alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine complexes on photophysical, structural and morphological properties

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8893-8903页

作者： Jason Koon-Lam Poon Sammual Yu-Lut Leung Eric ka-Ho Wong Vivian Wing-Wah Yam Institute of Molecular Functional Materials State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

A series of mononuclear complexes and unsymmetric dinuclear alkynylplatinum(II)terpyridine complexes with oligo(paraphenylene ethynylene)(OPE)-derived backbone with a variation of the lengths of alkoxy chains and OPE backbones was *** morphological properties,packing lattice and gelation behaviors of the mononuclear complexes were systematically studied,and the thermodynamic parameters and packing lattices of the dinuclear complexes were also investigated,providing further insights into the roles of the non-covalent interactions and their delicate balance in constructing sophisticated supramolecular *** and nanotube formation have been observed upon a delicate control of the intermolecular interactions by altering the lengths and structural dimensions of the complexes.

关键词： supramolecular chemistry self-assembled nanostructures platinum(II)complexes metallogel

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Modelling Foot and Mouth Disease in the Context of Active Immigrants

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第1期12卷 147-167页

作者： issa Shabani Mfinanga Nyimvua Shaban Theresia Marijani Department of Mathematics University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Mathematics and Statistics Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

This study employs mathematical modeling to analyze the impact of active immigrants on Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) transmission dynamics. We calculate the reproduction number (R0) using the next-generation matrix approach. Applying the Routh-Hurwitz Criterion, we establish that the Disease-Free Equilibrium (DFE) point achieves local asymptotic stability when R0 α1 and α2) are closely associated with reduced susceptibility in animal populations, underscoring the link between immigrants and susceptibility. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the interplay of disease introduction with population response and adaptation, particularly involving incoming infectious immigrants. Swift interventions are vital due to the limited potential for disease establishment and rapid susceptibility decline. This study offers crucial insights into the complexities of FMD transmission with active immigrants, informing effective disease management strategies.

关键词： Next-Generation Matrix Approach Routh-Hurwitz Quadratic Lyapunov Function Active Immigrants Reproduction Number Analysis

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