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spatiotemporal landscape pattern changes and their effects on land surface temperature in greenbelt with semi-arid climate:A case study of the Erbil City,Iraq

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第9期16卷 1214-1231页

作者： suzan ismail Hamid MALIKI Department of Architecture College of EngineeringSalahaddin UniversityErbil 44002Iraq

Urban expansion of cities has caused changes in land use and land cover(LULC)in addition to transformations in the spatial characteristics of landscape *** alterations have generated heat islands and rise of land surface temperature(LsT),which consequently have caused a variety of environmental issues and threated the sustainable development of urban *** are employed as an urban planning containment policy to regulate urban expansion,safeguard natural open spaces,and serve adaptation and mitigation *** they are regarded as a powerful measure for enhancing urban environmental *** the fact that,the relation between landscape structure change and variation of LsT has been examined thoroughly in many studies,but there is a limitation concerning this relation in semi-arid climate and in greenbelts as well,with the lacking of comprehensive research combing both ***,this study investigated the spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern of LULC and their relationship with variation of LsT within an inner greenbelt in the semi-arid Erbil City of northern *** study utilized remote sensing data to retrieve LsT,classified LULC,and calculated landscape metrics for analyzing spatial changes during the study *** results indicated that both composition and configuration of LULC had an impact on the variation of LsT in the study *** Pearson's correlation showed the significant effect of Vegetation 1 type(VH),cultivated land(CU),and bare soil(Bs)on LsT,as increase of LsT was related to the decrease of VH and the increases of CU and Bs,while,neither Vegetation 2 type(VL)nor built-up(BU)had any ***,the spatial distribution of LULC also exhibited significant effects on LsT,as LsT was strongly correlated with landscape indices for VH,CU,and ***,for BU,only aggregation index metric affected LsT,while none of VL metrics had a *** study provides insights for landscape pla

关键词： land use and land cover change landscape pattern land surface temperature greenbelt remote sensing

Traffic Control Based on Integrated Kalman Filtering and Adaptive Quantized Q-Learning Framework for Internet of Vehicles

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2103-2127页

作者： Othman s.Al-Heety Zahriladha Zakaria Ahmed Abu-Khadrah Mahamod ismail sarmad Nozad Mahmood Mohammed Mudhafar shakir Hussein Alsariera Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka(UTeM)Durian TunggalMalaysia College of Computing&Informatics Saudi Electronic UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Electrical Electronic and System EngineeringUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaUKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Computer Technology Engineering College of Engineering TechnologyAl-Kitab UniversityKirkukIraq Faculty of Engineering and Electronic Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM)Batu PahatMalaysia 6Research Center DepartmentThe University of MashreqBaghdadIraq

Intelligent traffic control requires accurate estimation of the road states and incorporation of adaptive or dynamically adjusted intelligent algorithms for making the *** this article,these issues are handled by proposing a novel framework for traffic control using vehicular communications and Internet of Things *** framework integrates Kalman filtering and *** smoothing Kalman filtering,our data fusion Kalman filter incorporates a process-aware model which makes it superior in terms of the prediction *** traditional Q-learning,our Q-learning algorithm enables adaptive state quantization by changing the threshold of separating low traffic from high traffic on the road according to the maximum number of vehicles in the junction *** evaluation,the model has been simulated on a single intersection consisting of four roads:east,west,north,and south.A comparison of the developed adaptive quantized Q-learning(AQQL)framework with state-of-the-art and greedy approaches shows the superiority of AQQL with an improvement percentage in terms of the released number of vehicles of AQQL is 5%over the greedy approach and 340%over the state-of-the-art ***,AQQL provides an effective traffic control that can be applied in today’s intelligent traffic system.

关键词： Q-learning intelligent transportation system(ITs) traffic control vehicular communication kalman filtering smart city Internet of Things

Early clinical outcomes of two regimens of prophylactic antibiotics in cardiac surgical patients with delayed sternal closure

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第3期13卷 32-41页

作者： mahmoud ismail Allam Eissa Rasha Kaddoura Danial Hassan Cornelia s Carr samy Hanoura Yasser shouman Abdulwahid Almulla Amr salah Omar Department of Cardiothoracic surgery Hamad Medical CooperationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Al-Azhar UniversityCairo 11651Egypt Department of Pharmacy Heart HospitalHamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Healthcare Profession Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthMinistry of Public HealthBostonMA 3050United States Department of surgery Qatar UniversityDoha 3050Qatar Department of Cardiac Anesthesia Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Anesthesia Weill Cornell Medical College in QatarDoha 3050Qatar Department of Critical Care Medicine Beni Suef UniversityBeni Suef 62521Egypt Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College in QatarDoha 3050Qatar

BACKGROUND Delayed sternal closure(DsC)can be a lifesaving approach for certain patients who have undergone cardiac *** value of the type of prophylactic antibiotics in DsC is still *** To investigate clinical outcomes of different prophylactic antibiotic regimens in patients who had DsC after cardiac *** This was a retrospective observational single-center ***-three consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery and had an indication for DsC were *** were subjected to two regimens of antibiotics:Narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum *** The main outcome measures were length of hospital and intensive care unit(ICU)stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,and *** the 53 patients,12(22.6%)received narrow-spectrum antibiotics,and 41(77.4%)received broad-spectrum *** mean age was 59.0±12.1 years,without significant differences between the *** mean duration of antibiotic use was significantly longer in the broad-spectrum than the narrowspectrum group(11.9±8.7 vs 3.4±2.0 d,Pst was 3.0(2.0-5.0)d for all patients,with no difference between groups(P=0.146).The median duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly longer in the broad-spectrum group[60.0(Δinterquartile range(IQR)170.0)h vs 50.0(ΔIQR 113.0)h,P=0.047].similarly,the median length of stay for both ICU and hospital were significantly longer in the broadspectrum group[7.5(ΔIQR 10.0)d vs 5.0(ΔIQR 5.0)d,P=0.008]and[27.0(ΔIQR 30.0)d vs 19.0(ΔIQR 21.0)d,P=0.031].Five(9.8%)patients were readmitted to the ICU and 18(34.6%)patients died without a difference between *** Prophylactic broad-spectrum antibiotics did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with DsC post-cardiac surgery but was associated with longer ventilation duration,length of ICU and hospital stays vs narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

关键词： Cardiac surgery Delayed sternal closure Intensive care Open chest Prophylactic antibiotics

Towards a lightweight security framework using blockchain and machine learning

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BLOCKCHAIN-REsEARCH AND APPLICATIONs 2024年第1期5卷 107-118页

作者： ismail, shereen Nouman, Muhammad Dawoud, Diana W. Reza, Hassan Univ North Dakota Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Grand Forks ND 58202 USA COMsATs Univ Islamabad Dept Comp Sci Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Univ Dubai Coll Engn & Informat Technol Dubai U Arab Emirates

Cyber-attacks pose a significant challenge to the security of Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks, necessitating the development of robust countermeasures tailored to their unique characteristics and limitations. Various prevention and detection techniques have been proposed to mitigate these attacks. In this paper, we propose an integrated security framework using blockchain and Machine Learning (ML) to protect IoT sensor networks. The framework consists of two modules: a blockchain prevention module and an ML detection module. The blockchain prevention module has two lightweight mechanisms: identity management and trust management. Identity management employs a lightweight smart Contract (sC) to manage node registration and authentication, ensuring that unauthorized entities are prohibited from engaging in any tasks, while trust management uses a lightweight sC that is responsible for maintaining trust and credibility between sensor nodes throughout the network's lifetime and tracking historical node behaviors. Consensus and transaction validation are achieved through a Verifiable Byzantine Fault Tolerance (VBFT) mechanism to ensure network reliability and integrity. The ML detection module utilizes the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm to classify malicious nodes and notify the blockchain network if it must make decisions to mitigate their impacts. We investigate the performance of several off -the -shelf ML algorithms, including Logistic Regression, Complement Naive Bayes, Nearest Centroid, and stacking, using the WsN-Ds dataset. LightGBM is selected following a detailed comparative analysis conducted using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 -score, processing time, training time, prediction time, computational complexity, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) evaluation metrics.

关键词： Blockchain Machine learning IoT security Integration smart contracts

Unknown Environment Measurement Mapping by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Kalman Filter-Based Low-Cost Estimated Parallel 8-Beam LIDAR

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4263-4279页

作者： Mohamed Rabik Mohamed ismail Muthuramalingam Thangaraj Khaja Moiduddin Zeyad Almutairi Mustufa Haider Abidi Department of Mechatronics Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologySRM NagarKattankulathurChengalpattu DistrictTamil Nadu603203India Advanced Manufacturing Institute King Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia

The measurement and mapping of objects in the outer environment have traditionally been conducted using ground-based monitoring systems,as well as *** recently,unmanned aerial vehicles have also been employed for this *** accurate detection and mapping of a target such as buildings,trees,and terrains are of utmost importance in various applications of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),including search and rescue operations,object transportation,object detection,inspection tasks,and mapping ***,the rapid measurement and mapping of the object are not currently achievable due to factors such as the object’s size,the intricate nature of the sites,and the complexity of mapping *** present system introduces a costeffective solution for measurement and mapping by utilizing a small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)equipped with an 8-beam Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)*** approach offers advantages over traditional methods that rely on expensive cameras and complex algorithm-based *** reflective properties of laser beams have also been *** system provides prompt results in comparison to traditional camerabased surveillance,with minimal latency and the need for complex *** Kalman estimation method demonstrates improved performance in the presence of *** measurement and mapping of external objects have been successfully conducted at varying distances,utilizing different resolutions.

关键词： 8 beam LiDAR UAV measurement mapping Kalman filter

Developing Lexicons for Enhanced sentiment Analysis in software Engineering:An Innovative Multilingual Approach for social Media Reviews

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2771-2793页

作者： Zohaib Ahmad Khan Yuanqing Xia Ahmed Khan Muhammad sadiq Mahmood Alam Fuad AAwwad Emad A.A.ismail school of Automation Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Department of Computer science and Technology University of Science and Technology BannuKPKBannu28100Pakistan school of Computer science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China Department of Quantitative Analysis College of Business AdministrationKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 71115Riyadh11587Saudi Arabia

sentiment analysis is becoming increasingly important in today’s digital age, with social media being a significantsource of user-generated content. The development of sentiment lexicons that can support languages other thanEnglish is a challenging task, especially for analyzing sentiment analysis in social media reviews. Most existingsentiment analysis systems focus on English, leaving a significant research gap in other languages due to limitedresources and tools. This research aims to address this gap by building a sentiment lexicon for local languages,which is then used with a machine learning algorithm for efficient sentiment analysis. In the first step, a lexiconis developed that includes five languages: Urdu, Roman Urdu, Pashto, Roman Pashto, and English. The sentimentscores from sentiWordNet are associated with each word in the lexicon to produce an effective sentiment score. Inthe second step, a naive Bayesian algorithm is applied to the developed lexicon for efficient sentiment analysis ofRoman Pashto. Both the sentiment lexicon and sentiment analysis steps were evaluated using information retrievalmetrics, with an accuracy score of 0.89 for the sentiment lexicon and 0.83 for the sentiment analysis. The resultsshowcase the potential for improving software engineering tasks related to user feedback analysis and productdevelopment.

关键词： Emotional assessment regional dialects sentiWordNet naive bayesian technique lexicons software engineering user feedback

Posture Detection of Heart Disease Using Multi-Head Attention Vision Hybrid(MHAVH)Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2673-2696页

作者： Hina Naz Zuping Zhang Mohammed Al-Habib Fuad A.Awwad Emad A.A.ismail Zaid Ali Khan school of Computer science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410003China Department of Quantitative analysis College of Business AdministrationKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 71115Riyadh11587Saudi Arabia Electrical and Computer Engineering University of VictoriaVictoriaV9A1B8Canada

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death *** disease causes loss of heart muscles and is also responsible for the death of heart cells,sometimes damaging their functionality.A person’s life may depend on receiving timely assistance as soon as ***,minimizing the death ratio can be achieved by early detection of heart attack(HA)*** the United states alone,an estimated 610,000 people die fromheart attacks each year,accounting for one in every four ***,by identifying and reporting heart attack symptoms early on,it is possible to reduce damage and save many lives *** objective is to devise an algorithm aimed at helping individuals,particularly elderly individuals living independently,to safeguard their *** address these challenges,we employ deep learning *** have utilized a vision transformer(ViT)to address this ***,it has a significant overhead cost due to its memory consumption and computational complexity because of scaling dot-product ***,since transformer performance typically relies on large-scale or adequate data,adapting ViT for smaller datasets is more *** response,we propose a three-in-one steam model,theMulti-Head Attention Vision Hybrid(MHAVH).Thismodel integrates a real-time posture recognition framework to identify chest pain postures indicative of heart attacks using transfer learning techniques,such as ResNet-50 and VGG-16,renowned for their robust feature extraction *** incorporatingmultiple heads into the vision transformer to generate additional metrics and enhance heart-detection capabilities,we leverage a 2019 posture-based dataset comprising RGB images,a novel creation by the author that marks the first dataset tailored for posture-based heart attack *** the limited online data availability,we segmented this dataset into gender categories(male and female)and conducted testing on both segmented and original dat

关键词： Image analysis posture of heart attack(PHA)detection hybrid features VGG-16 ResNet-50 vision transformer advance multi-head attention layer

Complex Decision Modeling Framework with Fairly Operators and Quaternion Numbers under Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Context

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1893-1932页

作者： Nadeem salamat Muhammad Kamran shahzaib Ashraf Manal Elzain Mohammed Abdulla Rashad ismail Mohammed M.Al-shamiri Institute of Mathematics Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering&Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Department of Mathematics Thal University BhakkarPunjab30000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMuhayl Assir61913Saudi Arabia

The main goal of informal computing is to overcome the limitations of hypersensitivity to defects and uncertainty while maintaining a balance between high accuracy,accessibility,and *** paper investigates the potential applications of intuitionistic fuzzy sets(IFs)with rough sets in the context of sparse *** it comes to capture uncertain information emanating fromboth upper and lower approximations,these intuitionistic fuzzy rough numbers(IFRNs)are superior to intuitionistic fuzzy sets and pythagorean fuzzy sets,*** use rough sets in conjunction with IFss to develop several fairly aggregation operators and analyze their underlying *** present numerous impartial laws that incorporate the idea of proportionate dispersion in order to ensure that the membership and non-membership activities of IFRNs are treated equally within these *** operations lead to the development of the intuitionistic fuzzy rough weighted fairly aggregation operator(IFRWFA)and intuitionistic fuzzy rough ordered weighted fairly aggregation operator(IFRFOWA).These operators successfully adjust to membership and non-membership categories with fairness and *** highlight the unique qualities of these suggested aggregation operators and investigate their use in the multiattribute decision-making *** use the intuitionistic fuzzy rough environment’s architecture to create a novel strategy in situation involving several decision-makers and non-weighted ***,we developed a novel technique by combining the IFss with quaternion *** establish a unique connection between alternatives and qualities by using intuitionistic fuzzy quaternion numbers(IFQNs).With the help of this framework,we can simulate uncertainty in real-world situations and address a number of decision-making *** the examples we have released,we offer a sophisticated and systematically constructed illustrative scenario that is intricately wo

关键词： Intuitionistic fuzzy set quaternion numbers fuzzy logic decision-making rough set

Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Crab shell Using the Hydrothermal Method with Varying Holding Times

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第6期12卷 1145-1163页

作者： Deni Fajar Fitriyana Rifky ismail Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno Januar Parlaungan siregar Tezara Cionita Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringDiponegoro UniversitySemarangJawa Tengah50275Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Negeri SemarangGunung PatiSemarang50229Indonesia Center for Biomechanics BiomaterialBiomechatronicsand Biosignal Processing(CBIOM3s)Diponegoro UniversitySemarang50275Indonesia Automotive Engineering Center(AEC) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah(UMPSA)PahangMalaysia Faculty of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia Faculty of Engineering and Quantity surveying INTI International UniversityNilaiMalaysia

Hydroxyapatite(HA)is a bio ceramic commonly utilized in bone tissue engineering due to its bioactive and osteoconductive *** shells are usually disregarded as waste material despite their significant CaCO_(3) content,and have not been widely utilized in the synthesis of *** study aims to synthesize and analyze HA derived from crab shells using the hydrothermal method with different durations of holding *** study utilized precipitated calcium carbonate(PCC)derived from crab *** a hydrothermal reactor set at 160℃ and varying holding times of 14(HA_14),16(HA_16),and 18(HA_18)h,a PCC and(NH4)2HPO4 mixture was used to synthesize *** synthesis results were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(sEM),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)*** study has accomplished the synthesis of HA from crab ***,the final product of synthesis still contained CaCO_(3) as an *** prolonged hydrothermal holding time of 14 to 18 h resulted in a reduction of impurities while increasing the percentage of crystal weight and crystallite size of *** CH_18 is the best-quality product generated in this *** specimen produced HA with the highest percentage of crystal weight and crystallite size compared to the other ***,specimen CH_18 exhibited the lowest concentration of *** Ca/P ratio in this specimen was also the closest to *** Ca/P ratio,crystallite size,and crystal weight percentage of this specimen are 1.54,19.06 nm,and 99.1%,respectively.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite crab shells CaCO_(3) hydrothermal holding time