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Synergistic and antagonistic interactions between potassium and magnesium in higher plants

The Crop Journal 2021年第2期9卷 249-256页

作者： Kailiu Xie ismail cakmak Shiyu Wang Fusuo Zhang Shiwei Guo Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesEducational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving FertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina School of Land Resources and Environment Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045JiangxiChina Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University34956 IstanbulTurkey International Magnesium Institute College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002FujianChina College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Magnesium(Mg)affects various critical physiological and biochemical processes in higher plants,and its deficiency impedes plant growth and *** potassium(K)-induced Mg deficiency in agricultural production is widespread,the specific relationship of K with Mg and especially its competitive nature is poorly *** review summarizes current knowledge on the interactions between K and Mg with respect to their root uptake,root-to-shoot translocation and distribution in *** synergistic effects on certain physiological functions are also *** antagonistic effect of K on Mg is stronger than that of Mg on K in root absorption and transport within plants,indicating that the balanced use of K and Mg fertilizers is necessary for sustaining high plant-available Mg and alleviating K-induced Mg deficiency,especially in plant species with high K demand or in highavailable-K *** relationship between Mg and K in plant tissues may be antagonistic or synergistic depending on plant species,cell type,leaf age,source-and sink *** are synergistic effects of K and Mg on photosynthesis,carbohydrate transport and allocation,nitrogen metabolism,and turgor *** of optimal K/Mg ratios for soils and plant tissues is desirable for maintaining proper nutritional status in plants,leading to a physiological state supporting crop *** research should concentrate on identifying the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between K and Mg in a given physiological function.

关键词： Antagonism Functional replacement Magnesium Potassium Synergy

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Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Grain Zinc Yield of Rice Grown under Low and Adequate Soil Zinc Applications

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Rice science 2023年第6期30卷 632-640页

作者： Kankunlanach KHAMPUANG Nanthana CHAIWONG Atilla YAZICI Baris DEMIRER ismail cakmak Chanakan PROM-U-THAI Agronomy Division Department of Plant and Soil SciencesFaculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Field and Renewable Energy Crops Research Institute Department of AgricultureBangkok 10900Thailand Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci UniversityIstanbul 34956Turkey Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

This study aimed to investigate the responses in rice(Oryza sativa *** 97)production and grain zinc(Zn)accumulation to combined Zn and sulfur(S)*** experiment was designed as a factorial experiment with two Zn and three S concentrations applied to the soil in a completely randomized design with four *** plants were grown under greenhouse conditions at low(0.25 mg/kg)and adequate(5 mg/kg)Zn rates combined with S(CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O)application(low,2.5 mg/kg;moderate,10 mg/kg,and adequate,50 mg/kg).The lowest rate of S at adequate soil Zn treatment increased grain yield by 68%compared with the same S rate at low Zn *** with the adequate S rate at low Zn and adequate Zn supply produced the highest grain yield,with increases of 247%and 143%compared with low S rate at low Zn and adequate Zn supply,*** concentration of grain Zn and S responded differently to the applied S rates depending on the soil Zn *** highest grain Zn concentration,reaching 41.5 mg/kg,was observed when adequate Zn was supplied at the low S ***,the adequate S rate at the low soil Zn conditions yielded the highest grain S *** total grain Zn uptake per plant showed particular increases in grain Zn yield when adequate S rates were applied,showing increases of 208%and 111%compared with low S rate under low and adequate soil Zn conditions,*** results indicated that the synergistic application of soil Zn and S improves grain production and grain Zn *** results highlight the importance of total grain Zn yield in addition to grain Zn concentration,especially under the growth conditions where grain yield shows particular increases as grain Zn is diluted due to increased grain yield by increasing S fertilization.

关键词： grain rice sulfur zinc deficiency

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Quantitative trait loci associated with soybean seed weight and composition under different phosphorus levels

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第3期60卷 232-241页

作者： Gokhan Hacisalihoglu Amy L.Burton Jeffery L.Gustin Selim Eker Safiye Asikli Elif Hakli Heybet Levent Ozturk ismail cakmak Atilla Yazici Kent O.Burkey James Orf A.Mark Settles Department of Biological Sciences Florida A&M UniversityTallahasseeFL 32307USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServicePlant Science Research UnitRaleighNC 27607USA Horticultural Science Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Soil Science&Plant Nutrition Cukurova University01330 AdanaTurkey Faculty of Engineering&Natural Sciences Sabanci University34956 IstanbulTurkey Department of Agronomy&Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Seed size and composition are important traits in food crops and can be affected by nutrient availability in the soil. Phosphorus （P） is a non-renewable, essential macronutrient, and P deficiency limits soybean （G1ycine max） yield and quality. To investigate the associations of seed traits in low- and high-P environ- ments, soybean recombinant inbred lines （RILs） from a cross of cultivars Fiskeby III and Mandarin （Ottawa） were grown under contrasting P availability environments. Traits including individual seed weight, seed number, and intact mature pod weight were significantly affected by soil P levels and showed transgressive segregation among the RILs. Surprisingly, P treatments did not affect seed composition or weight, suggesting that soybeanmaintains sufficient P in seeds even in Iow-P soil. Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） were detected for seed weight, intact pods, seed volume, and seed protein, with five significant QTLs identified in Iow-P environments and one significant QTL found in the optimaI-P environment. Broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.78 （individual seed weight）, *** （seed protein）, 0.34 （seed oil）, and 0.98 （seed number）. The QTLs identified under low P point to genetic regions that may be useful to improve soybean performance under limiting P conditions.

关键词： Qian Qian China National Rice Research Institute China

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缺镁胁迫影响冬瓜产量和下一代种子萌发

缺镁胁迫影响冬瓜产量和下一代种子萌发

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中国园艺学会2019年学术年会暨成立90周年纪念大会

作者：张白鸽陈晓东 ismail cakmak 谢大森陈潇余超然冯建春宋钊曹健何裕志广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所广东省蔬菜重点实验室 Sabanci University

冬瓜(Benincasa hispida)在华南地区广泛种植。该地区的土壤母质化学风化彻底,对阳离子的吸附能力弱。镁离子水合半径大,对土壤胶体的吸附强度小,且华南赤红壤中含有H+、Al3+等与Mg2+拮抗的因素较多,导致镁的含量和生物有效性都较低。... 详细信息

冬瓜(Benincasa hispida)在华南地区广泛种植。该地区的土壤母质化学风化彻底,对阳离子的吸附能力弱。镁离子水合半径大,对土壤胶体的吸附强度小,且华南赤红壤中含有H+、Al3+等与Mg2+拮抗的因素较多,导致镁的含量和生物有效性都较低。近年来,冬瓜缺镁现象普遍发生,然而缺镁对冬瓜植株生长和果实产量以及下一代种子萌发的影响还不清楚。采用了田间原位研究方法,以‘铁柱2号’冬瓜为供试材料,设置5个供镁梯度(0、30、60、90、120 kg·hm-2),探讨镁素营养对冬瓜的产量构成要素、源库器官的干物质分配、叶片的叶绿素和镁素含量、叶片和韧皮部的淀粉与蔗糖含量以及下一代种子萌发和幼苗生长情况的影响。两年的试验结果稳定表明,90 kg·hm-2是最优供镁水平,冬瓜产量为130 kg·hm-2,未施镁对照的产量为114 kg·hm-2,即缺镁造成减产12.3%。缺镁时,冬瓜果实长度、直径和果肉硬度都不同程度降低。缺镁胁迫显著影响冬瓜后代种子和幼苗活力。与供镁充足的果实中获取的种子相比,受到胁迫的果实中获取的种子外形小而薄,种子数量降低24.8%,萌发率降低了76.5%,培养15 d后幼苗总干样质量降低了34.4%。由此可见,镁不足降低冬瓜产量和下一代种子种苗质量;补充适宜镁素,可以提高冬瓜产量和制种质量。镁对冬瓜糖代谢的影响始于初果期,此时与供镁充足的处理相比,缺镁植株的叶片镁素含量降低42.8%,但是叶片淀粉和蔗糖含量都显著增加,分别是正常供镁植株叶片的14.7倍和1.6倍,表明缺镁胁迫引起叶片糖类物质累积。但受胁迫的冬瓜韧皮部提取液中的蔗糖含量下降29.4%。随着镁素供应水平的增加,果实干物质占整株干物质的比例呈递增趋势,5个供镁梯度分别为74%、77%、78%、81%和82%。以上结果表明,镁不足限制了叶片光合产物向果实运输。在幼苗期、花期和初果期,镁不足未对叶片的叶绿素含量产生明显影响。进入果实膨大期后,外源供镁水平对冬瓜叶片叶绿素含量的影响达到显著水平,此时与正常供镁植株相比,缺镁胁迫降低叶片叶绿素含量28.6%,表明镁不足对叶片光合性能的影响滞后于对叶片光合产物运输的影响。综上,镁不足时,光合产物在叶片中累积,碳水化合物向果实运输过程受阻,导致果实体积和果肉密度下降,致使冬瓜果实和种子生长受限。缺镁对冬瓜碳水化合物运输的影响早于叶片光合性能变化和表型症状。因此,及时补镁对改善冬瓜生长,提高果实产量和种子活力有重要意义。

关键词：冬瓜镁产量形成可溶性糖叶绿素下一代种子

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Performance Comparison of CVD Grown Carbon Nanofiber Based on Single-and Multi-Layer Graphene Oxides in Melt-Compounded PA6.6 Nanocomposites

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2019年第2期9卷 99-123页

作者： Elcin Cakal Sarac Leila Haghighi Poudeh Jamal Seyyed Monfared Zanjani Ilse Letofsky-Papst Fevzi cakmak Cebeci ismail Aydin Yusuf Menceloglu Burcu Saner Okan Rheology Laboratory Chemical Engineering DepartmentFaculty of EngineeringIstanbul University-CerrahpasaAvcilar CampusAvcilarIstanbul Kordsa Teknik Tekstil A.S. IstanbulTurkey Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center&Composite Technologies Center of Excellence Teknopark Istanbul34906PendikIstanbulTurkey Faculty of Engineering Technology University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Institute for Electron Microscopy Graz University of TechnologyGrazAustria Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Materials Science and Nano EngineeringSabanci UniversityIstanbulTurkey

In the present study, newly design hybrid nanostructures were produced by growing long carbon nanofibers (CNF) on single- and multi-layer graphene oxide (GO) sheets in the presence of catalyst by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Chemical composition analysis indicated the formation of Fe-C bonds by the deposition of carbon atoms on catalyst surface of Fe2O3 and increasing in C/O atomic ratio confirming CNF growing. These hybrid additives were distributed homogeneously through polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) chains by high shear thermokinetic mixer in melt phase. Spectroscopic studies showed that the differences in the number of graphene layer in hybrid structures directly affected the crystalline behavior and dispersion state in polymer matrix. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of PA6.6 nanocomposites were improved up to 14.7% and 14% by the integration of 0.5 wt% CNF grown on multi-layer GO, respectively, whereas there was a significant loss in flexural properties of single-layer GO based nanocomposites. Also, the integration of 0.5 wt% multi-layer GO hybrid reinforcement in PA6.6 provided a significant increase in tensile modulus about 24%. Therefore, multi-layer GO with CNF increased the degree of crystallinity in nanocomposites by forming intercalated structure and acted as a nucleating agent causing the improvement in mechanical properties.

关键词： Nanoparticles Polyamides Nanocomposites Mechanical Properties Thermal Properties

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