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Gallbladder carcinoma in the era of artificial intelligence: Early diagnosis for better treatment

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2025年第1期17卷 256-259页

作者： ismail as burud Sherreen Elhariri Nabil Eid Department of Surgery Clinical CampusIMU UniversitySeremban 70300Negeri SembilanMalaysia Department of Anatomy Division of Human BiologySchool of MedicineIMU UniversityKuala Lumpur 57000Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Gallbladder carcinoma(GBC)is the most common malignant tumor of biliary tract,with poor prognosis due to its aggressive nature and limited therapeutic *** detection of GBC is a major challenge,with most GBCs being detected accidentally during cholecystectomy procedures for gallbladder *** letter comments on the recent article by Deqing et al in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology,which summarized the various current methods used in early diagnosis of GBC,including endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)examination of the gallbladder for high-risk GBC patients,and the use of EUS-guided elasto-graphy,contrast-enhanced EUS,trans-papillary biopsy,natural orifice translu-minal endoscopic surgery,magnifying endoscopy,choledochoscopy,and confocal laser endomicroscopy when necessary for early diagnosis of ***,there is a need for novel methods for early GBC diagnosis,such as the use of artificial intelligence and non-coding RNA biomarkers for improved screening ***,the use of in vitro and animal models may provide critical insights for advancing early detection and treatment strategies of this aggressive tumor.

关键词： Gallbladder carcinoma Endoscopic ultrasound Biopsy Elastography Cho-ledochoscopy Artificial intelligence Non-coding RNAs Screening Animal models In vitro studies

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Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease:Mechanisms and treatment options focusing on cellular therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第9期31卷 165-170页

作者： Payal Bhatnagar Sherreen Elhariri ismail A S burud Nabil Eid Department of Pharmaceutical Technology School of PharmacyIMU UniversityKuala Lumpur 57000Malaysia Department of Surgery IMU UniversityClinical CampusSeremban 70300Negeri SembilanMalaysia Department of Anatomy Division of Human BiologySchool of MedicineIMU UniversityKuala Lumpur 57000Malaysia

Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease(PFCD)is a common presentation of CD,which affects the patients’quality of life,including social and sexual *** management of PFCD remains a critical challenge in inflammatory bowel disease,primarily due to limited understanding of the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis,complicating medical *** production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-13 by infiltrating macrophages and other inflammatory cells stimulate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition,resulting in activation of myofibroblasts and elevation of matrix metalloproteinases,leading to fistula *** the potential for malignant transformation,PFCD screening is *** and inflammationtargeted therapies can help control this disease,but recurrence is a common *** interventions such as fistulotomy represent viable therapeutic options,with magnetic resonance imaging serving as an important diagnostic tool for delineating fistula tract *** models and clinical trials demonstrate that injection of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)into the fistula results in suppression of the inflammatory cells and cytokines and complete resolution of ***,MSC-derived extracellular vesicles were found to stimulate fistula healing,with encouraging *** this article,we comment on the review article by Pacheco et al,summarizing the various lines of PFCD treatment and highlighting the role of screening for this ***,we focus on the various mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PFCD,the therapeutic roles of MSCs and related extracellular vesicles,and explore the potential role of autophagy in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of these cells,which may help in the treatment of this disease.

关键词： Stem cell therapy Crohn’s disease Perianal fistulas Regenerative medicine Treatment outcomes Extracellular vesicles Autophagy Magnetic resonance imaging

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