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Realizing Low Carbon Emission in the University Campus towards Energy Sustainability

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2015年第2期4卷 15-27页

作者： isiaka adeyemi abdul-azeez Chin Siong Ho Department of Urban & Regional Planning Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria Faculty of the Built Environment Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia

Energy consumption increases with intensity of human activities. People consume energy for movement and other activities and the more fossil-fuel based energy used, the more carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Since carbon dioxide is the major element of the greenhouse gases (GHG), this phenomenon has a serious implication for global warming and consequent climate change—a scenario that calls for sustainable development. This research considers the emission of CO2 from energy use within the campus of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Two major sources of energy consumption were identified, namely: electricity and transport. The emission for electricity was estimated based on electricity meter reading and the conversion rate in accordance with the stand-ardized conversion factors for fuel mix of the purchased electric energy as given by PTM (Pusat Tenaga Malaysia), while the associated CO2 emission for transport was estimated based on the number of miles driven (VMT—Vehicle Miles Travel) within the campus, emissions produced per litre of gasoline, and fuel economy of vehicles plying the campus in line with the Code of Federal Regulations USEPA and consistent with the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. It was observed that high CO2 emission resulted from electricity energy consumption, and the highest emission in the transport sector was produced by commuting vehicles while emission from service delivery for cooling, lighting and other equipment was similar to national average.

关键词： Energy Sustainability Carbon Dioxide Emissions Sustainable Campus Low Carbon Development

Storage stability of dried tomato slice

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第4期6卷 104-110页

作者： Shittu S K isiaka M Department of Agricultural Engineering Bayero UniversityKanoNigeria Department of Agricultural Engineering Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria

Unlike fresh farm produce,processed fruits and vegetables such as sun dried tomatoes can be categorized as ambient temperature shelf stable ***,large quantities of these products yet easily go bad most especially when the appropriate conditions for their storage are not *** minimize these losses,it is important to know and exploit the optimum environmental conditions and moisture content range for the storage of the *** present study through systematic theoretical assertions employed by other researchers on other crops seeks to establish the storage stability of dried tomato slice at three probable temperatures of 10,30 and 45°*** showed that in this temperature range,upper limit moisture content varied between 6%-7.5%and 6.5%-8.3%*** adsorption and desorption,*** corresponding lower limit moisture contents varied between 4.29%-5.52%and 5.15%-6.29%*** order to minimize moisture migration into or out of dried tomato slice during storage,the study revealed that the product should be stored within 29%-62%relative humidity.

关键词： dried tomato storage stability moisture content humidity temperature

Custom emoji based emotion recognition system for dynamic business webpages

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2022年第4期15卷 497-509页

作者： Fatima isiaka Zainab Adamu Computer Science Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK Ahmadu Bello University ZariaNigeria

Purpose-One of the contributions of artificial intelligent(AI)in modern technology is emotion recognition which is mostly based on facial expression and modification of its inference *** facial recognition scheme is mostly built to understand user expression in an online business webpage on a marketing site but has limited abilities to recognise elusive *** basic emotions are expressed when interrelating and socialising with other personnel *** most times,studying how to understand user expression is often a most tedious task,especially the subtle *** emotion recognition system can be used to optimise and reduce complexity in understanding users’subconscious thoughts and reasoning through their pupil ***/methodology/approach-This paper demonstrates the use of personal computer(PC)webcam to read in eye movement data that includes pupil changes as part of distinct user attributes.A custom eye movement algorithm(CEMA)is used to capture users’activity and record the data which is served as an input model to an inference engine(artificial neural network(ANN))that helps to predict user emotional response conveyed as emoticons on the ***-The result from the error in performance shows that ANN is most adaptable to user behaviour prediction and can be used for the system’s modification *** limitations/implications-One of the drawbacks of the analytical tool is its inability in some cases to set some of the emoticons within the boundaries of the visual field,this is a limitation to be tackled within subsequent runs with standard ***/value-The originality of the proposed model is its ability to predict basic user emotional response based on changes in pupil size between average recorded baseline boundaries and convey the emoticons chronologically with the gaze points.

关键词： AI Static business webpages Artificial neural network Emotion recognition system Pupil changes User expression Eye movement behaviour

Detection of natural structures and classification of HCI-HPR data using robust forward search algorithm

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2016年第1期9卷 23-41页

作者： Fatima isiaka Kassim S.Mwitondi Adamu M.Ibrahim Department of Computing Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK Department of Computing University of LeedsLeedsUK

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to proposes a forward search algorithm for detecting and identifying natural structures arising in human-computer interaction(HCI)and human physiological response(HPR)***/methodology/approach-The paper portrays aspects that are essential to modelling and precision in *** methods involves developed algorithm for detecting outliers in data to recognise natural patterns in incessant data such as HCI-HPR *** detected categorical data are simultaneously labelled based on the data reliance on parametric rules to predictive models used in classification *** were also simulated based on multivariate normal distribution method and used to compare and validate the original ***-Results shows that the forward search method provides robust features that are capable of repelling over-fitting in physiological and eye movement *** limitations/implications-One of the limitations of the robust forward search algorithm is that when the number of digits for residuals value is more than the expected size for stack flow,it normally yields an error caution;to counter this,the data sets are normally standardized by taking the logarithmic function of the model before running the *** implications-The authors conducted some of the experiments at individual residence which may affect environmental ***/value-The novel approach to this method is the detection of outliers for data sets based on the Mahalanobis distances on HCI and *** can also involve a large size of data with p possible *** improvement made to the algorithm is application of more graphical display and rendering of the residual plot.

关键词： Cognitive systems Human physiological response Intelligent search Internet computing Maximum likelihood estimation

Emotion detection on webpages using biosensors integrated to a window-based dynamic control system

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2022年第2期15卷 277-301页

作者： Fatima isiaka Salihu Aish abdulkarim Kassim Mwitondi Zainab Adamu Computer Science Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK Federal University Dutse DutseNigeria Computing Department Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK Ahmadu Bello University ZariaNigeria

Purpose-Detecting emotion on user experience of web applications and browsing is important in many *** designers and developers find such approach quite useful in enhancing navigational features of webpages,and biomedical personnel regularly use computer simulations to monitor and control the behaviour of *** the other hand,law enforcement agents rely on human physiological functions to determine the likelihood of falsehood in *** often,online user experience is studied via tangible measures such as task completion time,surveys and comprehensive tests from which data attributes are *** of users’emotion and behaviour in some of these cases depends mostly on task completion time and number of clicks per given time ***,such approaches are generally subjective and rely heavily on distributional assumptions making the results prone to recording ***/methodology/approach-The authors propose a novel method-a window dynamic control system that addresses the foregoing *** data were obtained from laboratory experiments during which forty-four volunteers had their synchronised physiological readings,skin conductance response(SCR),skin temperature(ST),eye movement behaviour and users’activity attributes taken using *** windowbased dynamic control system(PHYCOB I)is integrated to the biosensor which collects secondary data attributes from these synchronised physiological readings and uses them for two *** both detection of optimal emotional responses and users’stress *** method’s novelty derives from its ability to integrate physiological readings and eye movement records to identify hidden correlates on a ***-Results show that the control system detects basic emotions and outperforms other conventional models in terms of both accuracy and reliability,when subjected to model comparison that is,the average recoverable natural structures for the three models with

关键词： Skin conductance response Skin temperature Eye tracker sensors Human physiological functions Online behaviour Dynamic control system

Intrusion Detection through DCSYS Propagation Compared to Auto-encoders

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Journal of Computer Science Research 2021年第3期3卷 42-49页

作者： Fatima isiaka Zainab Adamu Department of Computer Science Nasarawa State UniversityKeffiNigeria Department of Computer Science Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria

In network settings,one of the major disadvantages that threaten the network protocols is the *** most cases,unscrupulous people or bad actors can access information through unsecured connections by planting software or what we call malicious software otherwise *** presence of anomalies is also one of the disadvantages,internet users are constantly plagued by virus on their system and get activated when a harmless link is clicked on,this a case of true benign detected as *** learning is very adept at dealing with such cases,but sometimes it has its own faults when dealing benign *** we tend to adopt a dynamic control system(DCSYS)that addresses data packets based on benign scenario to truly report on false benign and exclude *** performance is compared with artificial neural network auto-encoders to define its predictive *** show that though physical systems can adapt securely,it can be used for network data packets to identify true benign cases.

关键词： Dynamic control system Deep learning Artificial neural network Auto-encoders Identify space model Benign Anomalies

Re-Evaluation of Bovine Fiber Biomass as Exploitable Keratinous Bio-Resource for Biomedical and Industrial Applications

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2017年第1期5卷 1-17页

作者： isiaka Oluwole Oladele Jimmy Lolu Olajide Oluyemi Ojo Daramola Kofi Bismarck Siaw Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria African Materials Science and Engineering Network (AMSEN) A Carnegie-IAS (RISE) Network (FUTA Node) Akure Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Elizade University Ilara-Mokin Nigeria Division of Computational Materials Science and Prototype Engineering Development Quantum Simutech Enterprise Ilorin Nigeria

In claim of developing ecologically-friendly and low cost polymeric materials, some polymer scientists and engineers have focused on improving the properties of polymer composites with natural fibers. One typical example of these natural fibers currently used as reinforcements in low load-bearing polymer composites is bovine fiber which is traditionally a waste from slaughterhouse. However, nature has designed natural fibers with anisotropic properties which may not augur well for the development of polymer composites with guaranteed field-proven reliability. Nonetheless, unlike vegetal fibers, most animal fibers can be alternatively exploited for keratinous applications. In the present study, the tensile properties, crude protein contents and variations in elemental distribution of hair fibers obtained from three breeds of bovine found in Nigeria were investigated. The hair fibers were characterized by ultimate testing machine, proximate analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Superlative Young’s modulus and tensile strength among the fibers were found to be 0.98989 GPa and 0.56158 MPa, respectively. The determined crude protein contents of the fibers ranged between 35% and 40%. Also, single hair fibers from each bovine breed showed significant variations in elemental distribution along their longitudinal sections which translates to anisotropic chemical and mechanical properties. However, the mean spectral values of the principal elements that constitute amino acids in the fibers are in the same range with that of human hair fibers with a successful record of keratinous applications.

关键词： Biological Materials Keratin Sources Fiber Chemistry Natural Fibers Ecological Welfare

Terpene Composition of Three Species of Gymnosperms from Vietnam

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第10期4卷 2031-2038页

作者： Do N. Dai Tran D. Thang isiaka A. Ogunwande Faculty of Biology Vinh University Vinh City Vietnam Faculty of Chemistry Vinh University Vinh City Vietnam Natural Products Research Unit Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Lagos State University Lagos Nigeria.

In the present investigation, we studied new essential oil contents and compositions of three individual plants from Cupressaceae family cultivated in Vietnam. The air-dried plants were hydrodistilled and the oils analysed by Gas chromatography (GC) and Gas chromatography couples with Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The components were identified by comparison of their retention indices on HP-5 MS capillary column with literature reference and MS pattern with authentic library’s collection. a-Pinene (36.0%), α-cedrol (18.3%) and thujopsene (5.7%) were the main constituents of Cupressus tonkiensis Silba. Monoterpenes were the quantitative significant compounds of Sabina chinensis (L.) Antoine. These are bornyl acetate (19.5%), sabinene (17.3%) and a-pinene (15.8%). Moreover, the main compounds of Thuja orientalis L., were identified as a-pinene (34.1%), α-cedrol (16.5%), β-caryophyllene (5.4%) and β-selinene (5.2%). The chemotaxonomy implication of these results was also discussed.

关键词： Cupressus tonkiensis Sabina chinensis Thuja orientalis Bornyl Acetate α-Cedrol α-Pinene Sabinene

Tensile Properties and Fractographic Analysis of Low Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Chemically Modified Keratin-Based Biofibres

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2015年第4期3卷 344-352页

作者： isiaka Oluwole Oladele Jimmy Lolu Olajide Okikiola Ganiyu Agbabiaka Olawale Opeyemi Akinwumi Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria African Materials Science and Engineering Network (AMSEN) A Carnegie-IAS (RISE) Network (FUTA Node) Akure Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Elizade University Ilara-Mokin Nigeria

This research has investigated the tensile properties and fractography of animal fibre-reinforced low density polyethylene composites. The composites were synthesized by hot compression moulding using chemically modified white and black cow hair biofibres as the reinforcing phase of composites. Alkaline solutions of varying molarities were used to prepare the chemical treatments in this present study. Tensile properties of the developed composites were evaluated based on molarities of chemical treatment and % fibre loading. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphologies of the fractured surfaces of composites. Obtained tensile test results revealed significant enhancement in the tensile properties of composites, with the optimum combination of tensile properties presented by 2 wt% white cow hair biofibre reinforcement treated with 0.15 M sodium hydroxide. Observations from the fractographic analysis of the developed composites revealed shearing of the polymer matrix at the fibre-matrix interface and no fibre pullout behaviour.

关键词： Animal Fibre Alkaline Treatment Fibre-Matrix Interface Mechanical Behaviour Polymer Matrix Composites