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Modelling of debris-flow susceptibility and propagation: a case study from Northwest Himalaya

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 200-217页

作者： Hamza DAUD Javed Iqbal TANOLI Sardar Muhammad ASIF Muhammad QASIM Muhammad ALI Junaid KHAN Zahid Imran BHATTI ishtiaq ahmad Khan JADOON Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Earth Sciences COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad Campus 22010Pakistan Department of Earth Sciences Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-KhoudMascat 123Oman Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Department of Earth Sciences Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyHavelian 22500Pakistan

The geological and geographical position of the Northwest Himalayas makes it a vulnerable area for mass movements particularly landslides and debris flows. Mass movements have had a substantial impact on the study area which is extending along Karakorum Highway(KKH) from Besham to Chilas. Intense seismicity, deep gorges, steep terrain and extreme climatic events trigger multiple mountain hazards along the KKH, among which debris flow is recognized as the most destructive geohazard. This study aims to prepare a field-based debris flow inventory map at a regional scale along a 200 km stretch from Besham to Chilas. A total of 117 debris flows were identified in the field, and subsequently, a point-based debris-flow inventory and catchment delineation were performed through Arc GIS analysis. Regional scale debris flow susceptibility and propagation maps were prepared using Weighted Overlay Method(WOM) and Flow-R technique sequentially. Predisposing factors include slope, slope aspect, elevation, Topographic Roughness Index(TRI), Topographic Wetness Index(TWI), stream buffer, distance to faults, lithology rainfall, curvature, and collapsed material layer. The dataset was randomly divided into training data(75%) and validation data(25%). Results were validated through the Receiver Operator Characteristics(ROC) curve. Results show that Area Under the Curve(AUC) using WOM model is 79.2%. Flow-R propagation of debris flow shows that the 13.15%, 22.94%, and 63.91% areas are very high, high, and low susceptible to debris flow respectively. The propagation predicated by Flow-R validates the naturally occurring debris flow propagation as observed in the field surveys. The output of this research will provide valuable input to the decision makers for the site selection, designing of the prevention system, and for the protection of current infrastructure.

关键词： North Pakistan Debris flow Flow-R Propagation Susceptibility mapping Debris-flow inventory Weighted Overlay Method

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Performance Evaluation of Virtualization Methodologies to Facilitate NFV Deployment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 311-329页

作者： Sumbal Zahoor ishtiaq ahmad Ateeq Ur Rehman Elsayed Tag Eldin Nivin AGhamry Muhammad Shafiq Department of Electrical Engineering The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Government College UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Engineering and Technology Future University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Cairo UniversityGiza3750010Egypt Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

The development of the Next-Generation Wireless Network(NGWN)is becoming a reality.To conduct specialized processes more,rapid network deployment has become essential.Methodologies like Network Function Virtualization(NFV),Software-Defined Networks(SDN),and cloud computing will be crucial in addressing various challenges that 5G networks will face,particularly adaptability,scalability,and reliability.The motivation behind this work is to confirm the function of virtualization and the capabilities offered by various virtualization platforms,including hypervisors,clouds,and containers,which will serve as a guide to dealing with the stimulating environment of 5G.This is particularly crucial when implementing network operations at the edge of 5G networks,where limited resources and prompt user responses are mandatory.Experimental results prove that containers outperform hypervisor-based virtualized infrastructure and cloud platforms’latency and network throughput at the expense of higher virtualized processor use.In contrast to public clouds,where a set of rules is created to allow only the appropriate traffic,security is still a problem with containers.

关键词： NFV hypervisors cloud computing containers

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Design of Latency-Aware IoT Modules in Heterogeneous Fog-Cloud Computing Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 6057-6072页

作者： Syed Rizwan Hassan ishtiaq ahmad Jamel Nebhen Ateeq Ur Rehman Muhammad Shafiq Jin-Ghoo Choi Department of Electrical Engineering The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Government College UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

The modern paradigm of the Internet of Things(IoT)has led to a significant increase in demand for latency-sensitive applications in Fog-based cloud computing.However,such applications cannot meet strict quality of service(QoS)requirements.The large-scale deployment of IoT requires more effective use of network infrastructure to ensure QoS when processing big data.Generally,cloud-centric IoT application deployment involves different modules running on terminal devices and cloud servers.Fog devices with different computing capabilities must process the data generated by the end device,so deploying latency-sensitive applications in a heterogeneous fog computing environment is a difficult task.In addition,when there is an inconsistent connection delay between the fog and the terminal device,the deployment of such applications becomes more complicated.In this article,we propose an algorithm that can effectively place application modules on network nodes while considering connection delay,processing power,and sensing data volume.Compared with traditional cloud computing deployment,we conducted simulations in iFogSim to confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm.The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of end-to-end delay and network consumption.Therein,latency and execution time is insensitive to the number of sensors.

关键词： IoT fog-cloud computing architecture module placement latency sensitive application resource aware placement

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Physicochemical,rheological and antioxidant profiling of yogurt prepared from non-enzymatically and enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder under refrigeration

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第1期12卷 69-78页

作者： ishtiaq ahmad Zhouyi Xiong Hanguo Xiong Rana Muhammad Aadil Nauman Khalid Allah Bakash Jvaid Lakhoo Zia-ud-din Asad Nawaz Noman Walayat Rao Sanaullah Khan College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Fisheries Research Institute Wuhan Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430207China National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Schools of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Management and TechnologyLahore 54000Pakistan College of Food Science and Technology Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China

Evidences show that the storage period greatly affects the quality of yogurt.In this study,three types of yogurt:control yogurt(CY),non-hydrolyzed potato powder yogurt(PPY)and enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder yogurt(EHPPY)were prepared at 42℃ for 5 h and stored for 28 days at 4℃.The yogurts were evaluated for quality characteristics at different storage periods.Negligible differences in pH values,titratable acidities and viable counts were detected in all three types of yogurt during storage.However,compared to other yogurts,EHPPY exhibited desirable water holding capacity,throughout the storage period.Apart from this,sensory properties and antioxidant activities(2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP))of EHPPY were also significantly improved during the storage period.Furthermore,the storage(G’)and loss(G”)modulus of PPY,EHPPY were lower than CY at 4℃ while a hysteresis loop was shown by all yogurts at the temperature range of 4-50℃ indicating higher G’(elasticity)than G”(viscosity).Based on our findings,EHPP could be an important functional ingredient in improving the quality and storage stability of yogurt for its production at an industrial level.

关键词： Storage stability Potato powder Yogurt Rheology Microbiology Antioxidant activity

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Impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients: A nationwide cohort study evaluating hospitalization, transplant rejection, and inpatient mortality

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 62-75页

作者： Faisal Inayat Pratik Patel Hassam Ali Arslan Afzal Hamza Tahir Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Rizwan ishtiaq Attiq Ur Rehman Kishan Darji Muhammad Sohaib Afzal Gul Nawaz Alexa Giammarino Sanjaya K Satapathy Department of Internal Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahorePunjab 54550Pakistan Division of Gastroenterology Mather Hospital and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra UniversityPort JeffersonNY 11777United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Internal Medicine Jefferson Einstein HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19141United States Department of Internal Medicine St.Dominic's HospitalJacksonMS 39216United States Department of Internal Medicine Saint Francis Hospital and Medical CenterHartfordCT 06105United States Division of Hepatology Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterWilkes-BarrePA 18711United States Department of Internal Medicine Campbell University and Cape Fear Valley Medical CenterFayettevilleNC 28301United States Department of Internal Medicine North Shore University Hospital and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra UniversityManhassetNY 11030United States Division of Hepatology North Shore University Hospital and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra UniversityManhassetNY 11030United States

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has posed a major public health concern worldwide.Patients with comorbid conditions are at risk of adverse outcomes following COVID-19.Solid organ transplant recipients with concurrent immunosuppression and comorbidities are more susceptible to a severe COVID-19 infection.It could lead to higher rates of inpatient complications and mortality in this patient population.However,studies on COVID-19 outcomes in liver transplant(LT)recipients have yielded inconsistent findings.AIM To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-related outcomes among LT recipients in the United States.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the 2019–2020 National Inpatient Sample database.Patients with primary LT hospitalizations and a secondary COVID-19 diagnosis were identified using the International Classi-fication of Diseases,Tenth Revision coding system.The primary outcomes included trends in LT hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Secondary outcomes included comparative trends in inpatient mortality and transplant rejection in LT recipients.RESULTS A total of 15720 hospitalized LT recipients were included.Approximately 0.8%of patients had a secondary diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.In both cohorts,the median admission age was 57 years.The linear trends for LT hospitalizations did not differ significantly before and during the pandemic(P=0.84).The frequency of in-hospital mortality for LT recipients increased from 1.7%to 4.4%between January 2019 and December 2020.Compared to the pre-pandemic period,a higher association was noted between LT recipients and in-hospital mortality during the pandemic,with an odds ratio(OR)of 1.69[95%confidence interval(CI):1.55-1.84),P<0.001].The frequency of transplant rejections among hospitalized LT recipients increased from 0.2%to 3.6%between January 2019 and December 2020.LT hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic had a higher association with transplant rejection than before the pande

关键词： Liver transplant recipients Solid organ transplantation COVID-19 Hospitalization Transplant rejection Mortality

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大规模天线多入多出认知无线网络中的多用户传输速率和能量分析（英文）

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018年第5期19卷 674-684页

作者： Shang LIU ishtiaq ahmad Ping ZHANG Zhi ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Department of Electrical Engineering University of Lahore

讨论了在包含中继和大规模多入多出天线下的认知无线网络传输性能和能量分配问题。首先得到了在不考虑认知情况下的中继辅助大规模天线网络的下行传输性能,运用功率分配准则,第k个用户的渐近信干噪比与快衰落无关,当基站天线数和中继天... 详细信息

讨论了在包含中继和大规模多入多出天线下的认知无线网络传输性能和能量分配问题。首先得到了在不考虑认知情况下的中继辅助大规模天线网络的下行传输性能,运用功率分配准则,第k个用户的渐近信干噪比与快衰落无关,当基站天线数和中继天线数的比值趋于无穷大时,整个传输过程的传输性能只与从中继到用户侧的传输有关,而与另外一侧的传输无关。接着给出了在完美和非完美信道情况下的认知大规模多入多出天线中继网络性能的闭式表达式。当主用户基站、次级用户基站、中继基站的天线数目趋于无穷大时,传输性能与快衰落无关,主、次网络之间的干扰能被完全消除,次级网络传输性能与干扰温度无关,次级网络可用峰值功率进行传输而不对主用户网络产生干扰。定义了主用户网络的效用函数,通过凸优化分析得到最佳中继发射功率。系统仿真验证了该结论。通过仿真,得到了系统传输速率与天线数目、中继功率、天线数目比值的关系。在多用户认知无线网络中,运用大规模多入多出天线的线性预编码方式能够极大减少干扰,提高传输效率,主用户网络和次级用户网络可以独立传输。

关键词：多用户收音机多输入网络产量 MIMO SINR 用户系统

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Order selection in fractional Fourier transform based beamforming

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2010年第3期21卷 361-369页

作者： Muhammad ishtiaq ahmad School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology

Traditionally,beamforming using fractional Fourier transform（FrFT） involves a trial-and-error based FrFT order selection which is impractical.A new numerical order selection scheme is presented based on fractional power spectra（FrFT moment） of the linear chirp signal.This method can adaptively determine the optimum FrFT order by maximizing the second-order central FrFT moment.This makes the desired chirp signal substantially concentrated whereas the noise is rejected considerably.This improves the mean square error minimization beamformer by reducing effectively the signal-noise cross terms due to the finite data length de-correlation operation.Simulation results show that the new method works well under a wide range of signal to noise ratio and signal to interference ratio.

关键词： adaptive beamforming fractional Fourier transform （FrFT） fractional moments chirp signal.

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WIMAX Implementation of Smart Grid Wide Area Power System Load Protection Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2012年第4期3卷 282-293页

作者： Asadullah Khan Muhammad Ali ishtiaq ahmad Amjad Ullah Haseeb Ur Rahman Hafeez Ur Rahman Electrical Engineering Department COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department Ghanhara University Peshawar Pakistan. Electrical Engineering Department NWFP University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar Pakistan

As the revolutionary change in electric power industry begins with the latest communication infrastructure, it is on the verge of a revolutionary transformation to develop a smart grid to meet the requirements of our digital society. Wide Area Power System is made up of plentiful automated transmission and distribution systems with strong communication infrastructure, all operating in a coordinated, proficient and reliable mode. This paper is fretful with the wide area power system load protection scheme and ensuing design requirement that enhances stability as well as control. It discusses the architecture that upgrades the existing scheme by controlling all the control signals traffic between generating units, server, connected loads, and protection devices using WIMAX. The main theme of the paper is on the use of information technology to obtain more flexibility and smartness in the Wide Area Power System Load Protection by designing the Communication channel using WIMAX. Faults detected in Local area networks and Information regarding the faults of Local Areas is communicated to Load Area Manager (LAM) which takes required control action to handle it. Finally the paper shows islanding operation through WAM for the areas that becomes intensive faulty. Results have been verified in MATLAB/ SIMULIMK.

关键词： WIMAX Wide Area Network (WAN) Wide Area Manager (WAM) Local Area Manager (LAM)

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Cyclic beamforming using fractional Fourier transform domain cyclostationarity

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High Technology Letters 2011年第1期17卷 57-63页

作者： Muhammad ishtiaq ahmad Liu Zhiwen Xu Yougen School of Information ＆ Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China

A minimum mean-squared error(MSE) beamforming algorithm employing the optimum fractional Fourier transform(Opt-FrFT) domain second-order cyclostationarity is proposed. This method can efficiently filter out the compact desired chirp signal, with a consequence that the cyclically uncorrelated interferences and stationary(colored) Gaussian noise are greatly suppressed in the Opt-FrFT domain. This improves the MSE minimization cyclic beamformer by reducing effectively the Opt-FrFT domain signal-noise cross terms in the presence of finite data length de-correlation operation. Simulation results show that the new method works well under a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and signal-to-interference ratio(SIR). Copyright © by High Technology Letters Press.

关键词：分数傅里叶变换波束形成算法循环平稳循环利用最小均方误差线性调频信号周期性干扰信号干扰比

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Extraction of DNA suitable for PCR applications from mature leaves of Mangifera indica L.

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2012年第4期13卷 239-243页

作者： Muhammad Abubakkar AZMAT Iqrar ahmad KHAN Hafiza Masooma Naseer CHEEMA ishtiaq ahmad RAJWANA ahmad Sattar KHAN Asif Ali KHAN Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agricul-tureFaisalabadPakistan University College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan Institute of Horticultural Sciences University of AgricultureFais-alabadPakistan

Good quality deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the pre-requisite for its downstream applications. The presence of high concentrations of polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and other secondary me- tabolites in mango leaves poses problem in getting good quality DNA fit for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) applications. The problem is exacerbated when DNA is extracted from mature mango leaves. A reliable and modified protocol based on the cetyl- trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method for DNA extraction from mature mango leaves is described here. High concentrations of inert salt were used to remove polysaccharides; Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and β-mercaptoethanol were employed to manage phenolic compounds. Extended chloroform-isoamyl alcohol treatment followed by RNase treatment yielded 950?1050 μg of good quality DNA, free of protein and RNA. The problems of DNA degradation,contamination, and low yield due to irreversible binding of phenolic compounds and coprecipitation of polysaccharides with DNA were avoided by this method. The DNA isolated by the modified method showed good PCR amplification using simple se- quence repeat (SSR) primers. This modified protocol can also be used to extract DNA from other woody plants having similar problems.

关键词：抽取缓冲区芒果树多酚 DNA 隔离简单顺序重复(SSR ) 第二等的代谢物

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