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Does black hole spin play a key role in the FSRQ/BL Lac dichotomy?

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第4期16卷 7-14页

作者： Debbijoy Bhattacharya Parameswaran Sreekumar Banibrata Mukhopadhyay ishan tomar Manipal Centre for Natural Sciences Manipal UniversityManipal 576104India Indian Institute of Astrophysics Bangalore 560034India Astronomy and Astrophysics Programme Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012India Space Astronomy Group ISRO Satellite CentreKarthik NagarBangalore 560037India

Blazars are characterized by large intensity and spectral variations across the electromagnetic spectrum It is believed that jets emerging from them are almost aligned with the line-of-sight. The major- ity of identified extragalactic sources in γ-ray catalogs of EGRET and Fermi are blazars. Observationally, blazars can be divided into two classes： fiat spectrum radio quasars （FSRQs） and BL Lacs. BL Lacs usually exhibit lower γ-ray luminosity and harder power law spectra at γ-ray energies than FSRQs. We attempt to explain the high energy properties of FSRQs and BL Lacs from Fermi γ-ray space telescope observations. It was argued previously that the difference in accretion rates is mainly responsible for the large mismatch in observed luminosity in ＂7-ray. However, when intrinsic luminosities are derived by correcting for beaming effects, this difference in 7-ray luminosity between the two classes is significantly reduced. In order to ex- plain this difference in intrinsic luminosities, we propose that spin plays an important role in the luminosity distribution dichotomy of BL Lacs and FSRQs. As the outflow power of a blazar increases with increasing spin of a central black hole, we suggest that the spin plays a crucial role in making BL Lac sources low luminous and slow rotators compared to FSRQ sources.

关键词： BL Lacertae objects: general -- quasars: general -- galaxies: jets -- black hole physics --relativistic processes -- gravitation

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Proposed numerical and machine learning models for fiber-reinforced polymer concrete-steel hollow and solid elliptical columns

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 1169-1194页

作者： Tang QIONG ishan JHA Alireza BAHRAMI Haytham F.ISLEEM Rakesh KUMAR Pijush SAMUI School of Applied Technologies Qujing Normal UniversityQujing 655011China Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-BHUVaranasi 221005India Department of Building Engineering Energy Systems and Sustainability ScienceFaculty of Engineering and Sustainable DevelopmentUniversity of GävleGävle 80176Sweden Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology-PatnaPatna 800005India

This study employs a hybrid approach,integrating finite element method(FEM)simulations with machine learning(ML)techniques to investigate the structural performance of double-skin tubular columns(DSTCs)reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer(GFRP).The investigation involves a comprehensive examination of critical parameters,including aspect ratio,concrete strength,number of GFRP confinement layers,and dimensions of steel tubes used in DSTCs,through comparative analyses and parametric *** ensure the credibility of the findings,the results are rigorously validated against experimental data,establishing the precision and trustworthiness of the *** present research work examines the use of the columns with elliptical cross-sections and contributes valuable insights into the application of FEM and ML in the design and evaluation of structural systems within the field of structural engineering.

关键词： elliptical column fiber-reinforced polymer machine learning finite element method ABAQUS

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Incidence and Survivability of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients in the United States: Analysis of SEER Data Set from 2000-2019

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2024年第4期15卷 141-163页

作者： ishan Ghosh Sudipto Mukherjee Department of Biology Rockhurst University Kansas City Missouri USA Hematology and Medical Oncology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA

The main goal of this research is to assess the impact of race, age at diagnosis, sex, and phenotype on the incidence and survivability of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) among patients in the United States. By taking these factors into account, the study aims to explore how existing cancer registry data can aid in the early detection and effective treatment of ALL in patients. Our hypothesis was that statistically significant correlations exist between race, age at which patients were diagnosed, sex, and phenotype of the ALL patients, and their rate of incidence and survivability data were evaluated using SEER*Stat statistical software from National Cancer Institute. Analysis of the incidence data revealed that a higher prevalence of ALL was among the Caucasian population. The majority of ALL cases (59%) occurred in patients aged between 0 to 19 years at the time of diagnosis, and 56% of the affected individuals were male. The B-cell phenotype was predominantly associated with ALL cases (73%). When analyzing survivability data, it was observed that the 5-year survival rates slightly exceeded the 10-year survival rates for the respective demographics. Survivability rates of African Americans patients were the lowest compared to Caucasian, Asian, Pacific Islanders, Alaskan Native, Native Americans and others. Survivability rates progressively decreased for older patients. Moreover, this study investigated the typical treatment methods applied to ALL patients, mainly comprising chemotherapy, with occasional supplementation of radiation therapy as required. The study demonstrated the considerable efficacy of chemotherapy in enhancing patients’ chances of survival, while those who remained untreated faced a less favorable prognosis from the disease. Although a significant amount of data and information exists, this study can help doctors in the future by diagnosing patients with certain characteristics. It will further assist the health care professionals in screening

关键词： Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Survivability Incidence Demography SEER Data Set

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The divergence of nearby trajectories in soft-sphere DEM

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Particuology 2022年第4期20卷 1-8页

作者： William D.Fullmer Roberto Porcu Jordan Musser Ann S.Almgren ishan Srivastava National Energy Technology Laboratory MorgantownWV 26507USA NETL Support Contractor MorgantownWV 26507USA Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering.Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA 94720USA

The n-body instability is investigated with the soft-sphere discrete element *** divergence of nearby trajectories is quantifed by the dynamical memory *** the inverse proportionality between the dynamical memory time and the largest Lyapunov exponent,the soft-sphere discrete ele-ment method results are compared to previous hard-sphere molecular dynamics data for the first *** agreement is observed at low concentrations and the degree of instability is shown to increase asymptotically with increasing spring *** particle concentrations above 30%,the soft-sphere Lya-punov exponents increase faster than the corresponding hard-sphere *** paper concludes with a demonstration of how this case study may be used in conjunction with regression testing and code verification activities.

关键词： Soft-sphere DEM Chaos Lyapunov exponent

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Incidence and Survivability of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients in the United States: Analysis of SEER Data Set from 2000-2019

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Journal of Cancer Therapy（癌症治疗） 2024年第4期 141页

作者： ishan Ghosh Sudipto Mukherjee

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Frequency Domain Convolution of Rational Transfer Functions

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2022年第6期10卷 2117-2129页

作者： ishan Kar Prospect High School Saratoga USA

The convolution of two rational transfer functions is also rational, but a formula for the convolution has never been derived. This paper introduces a formula for the convolution of two rational functions in the frequency domain by two new methods. The first method involves a partial fraction expansion of the rational transfer functions where the problem gets reduced to the sum of the convolution of the partial fractions of the two functions, each of which can be solved by a new formula. Since the calculation of the roots of a high-order polynomial can be very time-consuming, we also demonstrate new methods for performing the convolution without calculating these roots or undergoing partial fraction expansion. The convolution of two rational Laplace transform denominators can be calculated using their resultant, while that of the two rational Z-transform transfer functions can be found using Newton’s identities. The numerator can be easily found by multiplying the numerator with the initial values of the power series of the result.

关键词： Z-Transform Laplace Transform Frequency Domain Convolution

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Comparative prospective study between medial and lateral distal tibial locking compression plates for distal third tibial fractures

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2017年第3期20卷 151-154页

作者： Sandeep Garg Vikram Khanna Mahaveer Prashad Goyal Narendra Joshi Amrut Borade ishan Ghuse Department of Orthopaedics Sawai Mansingh Medical College & Affiliated Hospital Jaipur India Department of Orthopaedics National Institute of Medical Sdences Jaipur India

Purpose： Tibial fracture is the most common long bone fracture. Distal third tibial fractures are chal- lenging though open reduction and plating can result in anatomical reduction and rigid fixation. This paper aimed to evaluate and compare the results of medial and lateral locking compression plates for distal third tibial fractures. Methods： This prospective clinical study involved 36 patients with distal tibial fractures admitted in Department of Orthopaedics, Sawai Mansingh Medical College ＆ Affiliated Hospital, Jaipur, India, from June 2011 to May 2012, including 29 closed fractures and 7 open fractures at the mean age of 38.9 years. Thirty-six patients were divided equally into two groups based on treatment method, including medial plating group （18 patients） and lateral plating group （18 patients）. They were followed up for at least 5 months after discharge. The functional outcomes were evaluated using Tenny and Wiss clinical assess- ment criteria. Results： Malunion was found in 3 cases of medial plating group and in 1 case of lateral plating group. In the medial plating group, there were 5 cases of superficial infections, 1 deep infection, 1 nonunion and 3 wound dehiscence. In the lateral plating group, there was 1 case of superficial infections, 1 deep infection and 1 nonunion, in the lateral plating group, 4 patients reported feeling the plates and screws but none of them asked to remove the hardware. In the medial plating group, 9 patients reported symptomatic hardware problems and 7 asked to remove the hardware. The number of cases graded as excellent/good/ fair was 1/8/7 in the medial plating group and 3/7/7 in the lateral plating group respectively. In the medial plating group, the final range of motion was 17.2° in ankle dorsiflexion and 30.7° in ankle plantar flexion. In the lateral plating group, the final range of motion was 19° in ankle dorsiflexion and 34.2° in ankle plantar flexion. Conclusion： Lateral plating of distal tibia is safe and feasib

关键词： Tibial fractures Bone plates Open fracture reduction

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Energy <i>β</i>-Conformal Change and Special Finsler Spaces

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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第7期4卷 983-990页

作者： Amr Soleiman Amira A. ishan Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Benha University Benha Egypt Department of Mathematics Taif University Makkah KSA

The main aim of the present paper is to establish an intrinsic investigation of the energy β-conformal change of the most important special Finsler spaces, namely, Ch-recurrent, Cv-recurrent, C0-recurrent, Sv-recurrent, quasi-C-reducible, semi-C-reducible, C-reducible, P-reducible, C2-like, S3-like, P2-like and h-isotropic, ···, etc. Necessary and sufficient conditions for such special Finsler manifolds to be invariant under an energy β-conformal change are obtained. It should be pointed out that the present work is formulated in a prospective modern coordinate-free form.

关键词： Energy β-Conformal Change Ch-Recurrent Cv-Recurrent C0-Recurrent C2-Like Quasi-C-Reducible C-Reducible Berwald Space Sv-Recurrent S3-Like P2-Like h-Isotropic

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Emerging Frontiers in Vaccine Development: A Review of Changing Paradigm

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第7期10卷 123-145页

作者： ishan Ghosh Mohit D. Gandhi Huntington Beach High School Huntington Beach USA Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics ICON Early Clinical Development Lenexa USA

The technology behind vaccine development varies significantly from one vaccine to another depending on the time when the vaccine was first developed. Over the years, the vaccine innovation time has significantly shortened with the advancement of knowledge in the fields of molecular and cell biology, and discoveries in the field of biotechnology. The first vaccines created were tested in a kind of trial-and-error approach which sometimes had deadly side effects. These vaccines used either living, weakened, or completely dead pathogens. The use of whole pathogen vaccines was seen to be time consuming and unpredictable because even though it would cause an immune response, it could vary from person to person, and always had the risk of pathogens returning to virulence causing sometimes fatal outcomes. The next major technology used to create vaccines was subunit vaccines which utilize purified antigens inactivated through various methods. This technology is quite prevalent among the vaccines that are currently in circulation, making them quite effective, and free from fatal side effects. The viral vector vaccine technology has been around for a few decades and utilizes knowledge of molecular genetics to the greatest extent. It uses intermediate vectors to deliver genetic instructions to trigger an immune response within the subject body. The introduction of nucleic acid vaccines is the newest technology and has come to a great deal of attention during the SARS-CoV-2 immunization efforts. The technology primarily utilizes the delivery of genetic information using messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) to create characteristic pathogen-specific proteins that in turn generate an immune response in the recipients.

关键词： Vaccine Technology DNA Vaccine mRNA Vaccine COVID-19 Vaccine Vaccine Development

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A rare case of Staphylococcus lugdunensis septicemia associated with myocarditis and atrioventricular block

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第1期16卷 63-66页

作者： Alex Tsz Lai Nganh Sharen Lee Tong LIU Mark Tam Ka Hou Christien Li Michelle Vangi Wong Michael Huen Sum Lam Gary Tse ishan Lakhani Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of MedicineChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease Department of CardiologyTianjin Institute oj CardiologySecond Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina Faculty of Medicine Newcastle University.United Kingdom Faculty of Health and Wellbeing Sheffield Hallam UniversityUnited Kingdom

Myocarditis is a relatively rare,possibly life-threatening disease characterized by the inflammation of the myocardium.111 The disease pathogenesis is primarily initiated by acute injury and necrosis of cardiomyocytes,leading to an inflammatory response mediated by the immune system that can potentially cause further aggravation of myocardial damage and organ *** in patients with myocarditis depends on the clinical presentation,which ranges from an asymptomatic disease course to the concomitant development of cardiac arrhythmias,heart failure,cardiogenic shock and even the occurrence of death in extreme cases[1].

关键词： Atrioventricular block Conduction Inflammation Myocarditis Staphylococcus lugdunensis

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