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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 935-944页

作者： Eiji kawasaki Hidekazu Tamai Takahiro Fukuyama Yoko Sagara Ryutaro Hidaka Aira Uchida Masayuki Tojikubo Narihito Tatsumoto Yuko Akehi Yuji Hiromatsu The Diabetes Thyroid and Endocrine CenterShin-Koga HospitalKurume 830-8577Japan

BACKGROUND In recent years,the emergence of multiplex technology that can simultaneously measure multiple anti-islet autoantibodies has become particularly valuable for the staging and early diagnosis of immune-mediated type 1 diabetes(T1D).While it has been established that 20%-30%of T1D patients suffer from autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD),there is limited available data regarding the presence of anti-islet autoantibodies in AITD patients.Among commercially available anti-islet autoantibodies,glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies(GADAs)are often the first marker measured in general clinical practice.AIM To investigate the frequency of anti-islet autoantibodies in AITD patients.METHODS Our study involved four hundred ninety-five AITD patients,categorized into three distinct groups:AITD with T1D(n=18),AITD with phenotypic type 2 diabetes(T2D)(n=81),and AITD without diabetes(n=396),and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to determine the frequencies of 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody(3 Screen ICA),GADA,insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies(IA-2As),and zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies(ZnT8As)within these groups.RESULTS The frequency of 3 Screen ICA in AITD patients with T1D,T2D,and those without diabetes were 88.9%,6.2%,and 5.1%,respectively,with no significant difference seen between the latter two groups.Notably,the frequency of 3 Screen ICA was 11.1%higher in AITD patients with T1D,1.3%higher in AITD patients with T2D,and 1.1%higher in AITD patients without diabetes compared to GADA,respectively.Furthermore,12.5%,20.0%,and 20.0%of the 3 Screen ICA-positive patients were negative for GADA.Additionally,1.3%of the AITD patients who tested negative for 3 Screen ICA in both the AITD with T2D and non-diabetic AITD groups were found to be positive for individual autoantibodies.Among the 3 Screen ICA-positive patients,there was a significantly higher proportion of individuals with multiple autoantibodies in AITD patients with T1D compared to those without diabetes(37.5%vs 5.0%,P<0

关键词： Anti-islet autoantibodies Autoimmune thyroid disease Real-world practice Retrospective study Type 1 diabetes

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多元文化共生时代的“简明日语”

语言战略研究 2024年第4期9卷 8-9页

作者：河崎深雪日本《社会语言科学》杂志

“简明日语”(Yasashii Nihongo)是1995年阪神淡路大地震后,作为应紧急状态下向外国人传达信息的需要而诞生的。“简明日语”已有20多年的历史,在理论和实践上取得了丰硕的成果和多样化发展,主要表现在6个方面。一、应急领域应用。弘前... 详细信息

“简明日语”(Yasashii Nihongo)是1995年阪神淡路大地震后,作为应紧急状态下向外国人传达信息的需要而诞生的。“简明日语”已有20多年的历史,在理论和实践上取得了丰硕的成果和多样化发展,主要表现在6个方面。一、应急领域应用。弘前大学佐藤和之等学者1999年发表了《在发生灾害时为向外国人使用的日语文本方案:在广播、海报等上使用的简明日语表达方式》,接下来又发布了一系列研究成果,并研制了日语简化标准。东北大学伊藤彰则开发了日语简化支援系统“Yansisu”。

关键词：日语表达支援系统多样化发展传达信息紧急状态多元文化共生研究成果东北大学

日本法人处罚的现状与课题——组织模式并用说与企业系统过失责任的提案

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北京社会科学 2024年第2期 55-61页

作者：川崎友巳段宇衡(译) 同志社大学京都大学

日本对法人犯罪采“两罚制”,但该制度存在着处罚标准不明确、处罚根据不明晰及预期效果难以达成的问题,故应考虑代替方案。但作为传统立法论的企业组织体责任论与法人行为责任说均存在着缺陷。作为因应,应提倡组织模式并用说。该说在... 详细信息

日本对法人犯罪采“两罚制”,但该制度存在着处罚标准不明确、处罚根据不明晰及预期效果难以达成的问题,故应考虑代替方案。但作为传统立法论的企业组织体责任论与法人行为责任说均存在着缺陷。作为因应,应提倡组织模式并用说。该说在考虑法人作为“被认可为在法律上具有与自然人同样权限与能力的存在”及“组织体之性质”的基础上,承认个人模式与组织模式的各自意义并一并采用。一方面,该说基于对责任主义中主观责任之原则的尊重,将能与法人等同的自然人的意思与行为视为法人的意思与行为,并追究法人的故意、过失责任;另一方面,该说基于企业系统过失责任,赋予企业法人建设相应系统的法律义务。

关键词：法人处罚个人模式组织模式企业系统过失责任

Hemodynamic Profiling Using a Cardiac Index–Systemic Vascular Resistance Plot in Patients with Fontan Circulation

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Congenital Heart Disease 2023年第4期18卷 431-445页

作者： Yuki kawasaki Takeshi Sasaki Daisuke Kobayashi Division of Pediatric Cardiology Osaka City General Hospital Pediatric Medical CenterOsaka5340021Japan Division of Cardiology St.Louis Children’s HospitalDepartment of PediatricsWashington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA

Background: Elevated Fontan pressure (FP) alone cannot fully predict clinical outcomes. We hypothesized thathemodynamic profiling using a cardiac index (CI)-systemic vascular resistance (SVR) plot could characterize clinicalfeatures and predict the prognosis of post-Fontan patients. Methods: We included post-Fontan patients whounderwent cardiac catheterization at age < 10 years. Patients were classified into four categories: A, CI ≥ 3, SVRindex (SVRI) ≥ 20;B, CI < 3, SVRI ≥ 20;C, CI ≥ 3, SVRI < 20;and D, CI < 3, SVRI < 20. The primary outcome wasfreedom from the combined endpoint: new onset of protein-losing enteropathy or plastic bronchitis, heart transplant,and death. Clinical and hemodynamic variables and freedom from the endpoint were compared betweenthe hemodynamic categories and outcome predictors were evaluated. Results: Eighty-three patients wereincluded. Median follow-up was 5.3 years. Category A/B/C/D consisted of 4/15/53/11 patients, respectively. Allthe patients in category A were New York Heart Association I/II and had a significantly lower pulmonary vascularresistance index (PVRI). Patients in category C had lower pulmonary/systemic blood flow. Patients in category Dhad a higher PVRI and had the poorest freedom from the endpoint (44% at 5 years). Elevated FP and category Dwere outcome predictors. Conclusions: CI-SVR plots was a novel adjunctive method for Fontan hemodynamicprofiling.

关键词： Cardiac index systemic vascular resistance perfusion pressure hemodynamic category fontan circulation prognosis

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Rubber–ice friction

Friction 2023年第8期11卷 1534-1543页

作者： Toshi TADA Satoshi kawasaki Ryouske SHIMIZU Bo N.J.PERSSON Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd.Material Research&Development HQ.2-1-1Kobe 651-0071Japan Peter Grünberg Institute(PGI-1) Forschungszentrum JülichJülich 52425Germany MultiscaleConsulting Jülich 52428Germany

We study the friction when a rectangular tire tread rubber block is sliding on an ice surface at different temperatures ranging from−38 to−2℃,and sliding speeds ranging from 3μm/s to 1 cm/s.At low temperatures and low sliding speeds we propose that an important contribution to the friction force is due to slip between the ice surface and ice fragments attached to the rubber surface.At temperatures above−10℃ or for high enough sliding speeds,a thin premelted water film occurs on the ice surface and the contribution to the friction from shearing the area of real contact is small.In this case the dominant contribution to the friction force comes from viscoelastic deformations of the rubber by the ice asperities.We comment on the role of waxing on the friction between skis and snow(ice particles).

关键词： ice friction rubber friction ice premelting

In-situ observation of twinning and detwinning in AZ31 alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第12期10卷 3418-3432页

作者： Wu Gong Ruixiao Zheng Stefanus Harjo Takuro kawasaki Kazuya Aizawa Nobuhiro Tsuji J-PARC Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency2-4 Shirane ShirakataTokaiNakaIbaraki 319-1195Japan Center for Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials Kyoto UniversityYoshidahonmachiSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8501Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kyoto UniversityYoshida-honmachiSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8501Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Twinning and detwinning behavior of a commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy during cyclic compression–tension deformation with a total strain amplitude of 4%(±2%) was evaluated using the complementary techniques of in-situ neutron diffraction, identical area electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. In-situ neutron diffraction demonstrates that the compressive deformation was dominated by twin nucleation, twin growth, and basal slip, while detwinning dominated the unloading of compressive stresses and subsequent tension stage. With increasing number of cycles from one to eight: the volume fraction of twins at-2% strain gradually increased from 26.3% to 43.5%;the residual twins were present after 2% tension stage and their volume fraction increased from zero to 3.7% as well as a significant increase in their number;and the twinning spread from coarse grains to fine grains involving more grains for twinning. The increase in volume fraction and number of residual twins led to a transition from twin nucleation to twin growth, resulting in a decrease in yield strength of compression deformation with increasing cycles. A large number of-component dislocations observed in twins and the detwinned regions were attributed to the dislocation transmutation during the twinning and detwinning. The accumulation of barriers including twin boundaries and various types of dislocations enhanced the interactions of migrating twin boundary with these barriers during twinning and detwinning, which is considered to be the origin for increasing the work hardening rate in cyclic deformation of the AZ31 alloy.

关键词： Magnesium Neutron diffraction Twinning Detwinning Dislocation transmutation

Strengthening of high-entropy alloys via modulation of cryo-pre-straining-induced defects

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第34期129卷 251-260页

作者： Daixiu Wei Wu Gong Liqiang Wang Bowen Tang Takuro kawasaki Stefanus Harjo Hidemi Kato Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University2-1-1 KatahiraSendaiMiyagi 980-8577Japan J-PARC Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency2-4ShirakataTokaiNaka-gunIbaraki 319-1195Japan State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Material Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Graduate School of Materials Science Tohoku University6-6Aramaki Aza AobaAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-8579Japan

Owing to their attractive structure and mechanical properties,high-entropy alloys(HEAs) and mediumentropy alloys(MEAs) have attracted considerable research interest.The strength of HEAs/MEAs with a single face-centered cubic(FCC) phase,on the other hand,requires improvement.Therefore,in this study,we demonstrate a strategy for increasing the room-temperature strength of FCC-phase HEAs/MEAs by tuning cryo-pre-straining-induced crystal defects via the temperature-dependent stacking fault energyregulated plasticity mechanism.Through neutron diffraction line profile analysis and electron microscope observation,the effect of the tuned defects on the tensile strength was clarified.Due to the cryorolling-induced high dislocation density,mechanical twins,and stacking faults,the room-temperature yield strength of an equiatomic CoCrFeNi HEA was increased by ~290%,from 243 MPa(as-recrystallized)to 941.6 MPa(30% cryo-rolled),while maintaining a tensile elongation of 18%.After partial recovery via heat treatment,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decreased slightly to 869 and 936 MPa,respectively.Conversely,the elongation increased to 25.6%,The dislocation density and distribution of the dislocations were found to contribute to the strengthening caused by forest dislocations,which warrants further investigation.This study discussed the possibility of developing single-phase high-performance HEAs by tuning pre-straining-induced crystal defects.

关键词： High-entropy alloys Cryo-pre-straining Crystal defects Neutron diffraction Mechanical property

Functionally Graded Dual-nanoparticulate-reinforced Aluminium Matrix Bulk Materials Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第8期30卷 736-742页

作者： Hansang Kwon Marc Leparoux Akira kawasaki Department of Materials System Engineering Pukyong National University365 Sinsenro608-759 BusanKorea Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyAdvanced Materials ProcessingFeuerwerkerstrasse 39CH-3602 ThunSwitzerland Department of Materials Processing Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringTohoku University980-8579 SendaiJapan

Functionally graded（FG） carbon nanotubes（CNT） and nano-silicon carbide（nSiC） reinforced aluminium（Al）matrix composites have been successfully fabricated using high-energy ball milling followed by solid-state spark plasma sintering processes.The CNTs were well-dispersed in the Al particles using the nSiC as a solid mixing agent.Two different types of multi-walled CNTs were used to add different amounts of CNTs in the same volume.The ball milled Al—CNT—nSiC and Al—CNT powder mixtures were fully densified and demonstrated good adhesion with no serious microcracks and pores within an FG multilayer composite.Each layer contained different amounts of the CNTs,and the nSiC additions showed different microstructures and hardness.It is possible to control the characteristics of the FG multilayer composite through the efficient design of an Al—CNT—nSiC gradient layer.This concept offers a feasible approach for fabricating the dualnanoparticulate-reinforced Al matrix nanocomposites and can be applied to other scenarios such as polymer and ceramic systems.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes（CNT） Silicon carbide High-energy ball milling Spark plasma sintering（SPS） Functionally graded materials（FGM）

Media Preference, Information Needs, and the Language Proficiency of Foreigners in Japan after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第1期9卷 1-15页

作者： Akiyuki kawasaki Michael Henry Kimiro Meguro Department of Civil Engineering The University of Tokyo Division of Field Engineering for the Environment Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University International Center for Urban Safety Engineering Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo

After the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the Japanese government identified the lack of proficiency in the Japanese language as one characteristic of foreigners that should be considered in disaster prevention planning.This article seeks to understand how proficiency in a local language affects disaster information gathering behavior by using the results of a questionnaire survey conducted after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Respondents were categorized based on their Japanese and English language abilities. Their media mode, language preferences, information importance, and information-gathering difficulties also were examined. It was found that foreigners skilled in Japanese demonstrated similar information gathering behavior as Japanese respondents, but foreigners unskilled in Japanese showed little usage of Japanese-language media. This group also encountered difficulties due to a lack of Japanese proficiency, but many members were able to acquire some level of Japanese-language information through Internet-based methods. To address language proficiency in disaster prevention planning, information provision in languages other than Japanese should be increased, and Japanese information should be shared in a way that facilitates translation. Although this survey wassignificant in its scope, the results should be considered within the limitations of the Internet-based response collection and focus only on the less-affected area of Japan.

关键词： 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster information Foreign population Internet-based media Language proficiency