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Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women, in Al Fashir Town, North Darfur State, Sudan

Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2019年第1期9卷 28-36页

作者： Ragaa Abo el Gasim Nada eltayeb isam el khidir Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine University of Al Fashir Al Fashir Sudan Al Neelain Medical Research Centre Faculty of Medicine Al Neelain University Khartoum Sudan Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan

Background: Sudan is a highly endemic country for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Screening for HBV during pregnancy may help to decide on appropriate antiviral therapy and the institution of steps to minimize vertical transmission to the newborns. Of the epidemiological studies carried in different regions of Sudan, few are available regarding pregnant women. In Darfur region such data is absent, so our aim was to evaluate seroprevalence of HBV among antenatal care attendants in Al Fashir town. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted between 2013 and 2015. Blood samples were collected from 900 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Al Fashir town. Plasma was separated and tested for markers of HBV (HBcAb, HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb) using elISA. Sociodemographic, obstetrics and medical data were collected using structured questionnaires. Results: AntiHBc was detected in 46% and HBsAg was detected in 18% of study population. HBeAg and HBeAb frequencies were found to be 2.6% and 37.7% among positive HBsAg pregnant women. There was significant association between residence, income, occupation, bloodletting and ear piercing with HBV infection (P Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that HBsAg has a high prevalence among the pregnant women in Al Fashir town, North Darfur State. So, to minimize vertical transmission, antenatal women must be routinely screened for HBV.

关键词： HBV Pregnant Women North Darfur State Al Fashir

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Assessing Knowledge of Hypoglycemia Symptoms among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Insulin, Khartoum, Sudan

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第1期10卷 21-30页

作者： Abdelhaleem Mustafa Madani Asma Noureldaim Mahmoud Hisham Mohammed Abdelrahim Tarig Mohammed el-Hadiyah Abubakr khidir Yousif Pharmacology Department Faculty of Pharmacy International University of Africa Khartoum Sudan Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty of Pharmacy International University of Africa Khartoum Sudan University of National Ribat Khartoum Sudan Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy International University of Africa Khartoum Sudan Ministry of Health Wadmadani City Sudan

Background: Hypoglycemia is a traumatic dilemma that has a critical impact on not only the patient’s quality of life but also their families and communities. Improving Patient’s awareness and knowledge regarding hypoglycemia symptoms is crucial to avoid serious implications like loss of consciousness and even death. Objective: This study aimed to assess patients’ knowledge of hypoglycemia symptoms and source of diabetes information among insulin users type 2 diabetes. Methods: A single centre, hospital-based, analytical, and cross-sectional study was carried out among diabetic patients using insulin attended to Ribat University Hospital Diabetes Clinic (RUHDC), Khartoum State, Sudan during a period of study. A validated questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and the patients’ knowledge regarding hypoglycemia symptoms was assessed whether good, medium or poor. Data were analyzed, using (SPSS). Descriptive (frequencies) and inferential statistics (association used chi-square) were used at a level of confidence p ≤ 0.05. Results: A majority of patients (52%) had poor knowledge of hypoglycemia symptoms and the common symptoms known to patients were hands tremor (67.2%), blurred vision (52.8%) and sweating (65.6%). No associations were found among hypoglycemia symptoms knowledge, socio-demographic and diabetes duration. Only (25.6%) had regular visiting to educating center and physicians were the major source of diabetes knowledge (74.4%). Conclusion: This study proved low patients hypoglycemia symptoms knowledge and physician were the main sources of information about diabetes at RUHDC. Further ideas are required in collaboration and integrated approach to filling the gap of patients’ awareness and multidisciplinary team in diabetes management.

关键词： Hypoglycemia Symptoms Knowledge Type 2 Diabetes Insulin-Users Sudan

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Addition of Insulin to Treatment Regimen in Type 2 Diabetes: The Significance of Age and Duration among Sudanese Diabetic Patients

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第10期10卷 456-463页

作者： Hisham Mohammed Abdelrahim Abdelhaleem Mustafa Madani Asma Noureldaim Mahmoud Tarig Mohammed el-hadiyah Abubakr khidir Yousif Medicine and Endocrinology University of National Ribat Khartoum Sudan Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacology Department Faculty of Pharmacy International University of Africa Khartoum Sudan Cardiac Center Omdurman Teaching Hospital Omdurman Sudan Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty of Pharmacy International University of Africa Khartoum Sudan Consultant of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Health Services Directorate National Health Insurance Fund Wadmadani Gezira State Sudan.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease and as the result of patient’s age and diabetes duration, β-cell ability for insulin secretion deteriorates continually and finally fails to meet body requirement. Intensification of treatment drug regimen including addition of insulin is critical to maintain glycemic target and reduce developing of long-term complications. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diabetes duration and patients’ age on addition of insulin to treatment regimen. Methods: A single centre, cross-sectional hospital-based study was done among 351 diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients visiting Ribat University Hospital Diabetic Clinic, Khartoum State, Sudan. Data was collected using constructed, validated and multiple-choice questionnaire. Results: From 351 patients enrolled in the study, female were 65.8% and male 34.2%. About 64.4% were on oral anti-diabetic;35.6% on insulin;about 31.6% shifted to insulin when their ages above 40 years;and 22.8% when diabetes duration was above 5 years. Co-morbidity was 54.4% and 60.2% of patients had hypertension. Conclusion: Interactions between age and longer duration of diabetes were mostly significant reasons for transferring patients to insulin. Percent of insulin users and co-morbidity was within international range.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes Insulin Duration Age Sudanese

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Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2020年第3期6卷 178-190页

作者： Y.Kato B.S.Liew A.A.Sufianov L.Rasulic K.I.Arnautovic V.H.Dong I.S.Florian F.Olldashi Y.Makhambetov B.isam M.Thu Ts.Enkhbayar N.Kumarasinghe A.H.Bajama S.Nair S.Sharif M.R.Sharma J.A.Landeiro C.G.Yampolsky N.M.F.el-Ghandour A.M.Hossain S.Sim S.Chemate Hira Burhan L.Feng H.Andrade Isabelle M.Germano Department of Neurosurgery Fujita Health University Bantane HospitalNagoyaJapan Department of Neurosurgery Hospital Sungai BulohSungai BulohSelangorMalaysia Federal State-Financed Institution“Federal Centre of Neurosurgery”of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation TyumenRussia I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University MoscowRussia Faculty of Medicine University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia Semmes-Murphey Clinic and Department of Neurosurgery University of TennesseeMemphisTNUSA Neurosurgery Center of Viet Duc university hospital HanoiVietnam Department of Neurosurgery University of Medicine and Pharmacy“Iuliu Hatieganu”Cluj-NapocaCluj CountyRomania Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital of TraumaTiranaAlbania National Center of Neurosurgery AstanaKazakhstan Neurosurgical Centre Yangon General HospitalYangoonMyanmar Mongolian Neurosurgical Society UlaabaatarMongolia National Hospital of Sri Lanka ColomboSri Lanka Department of Neurosurgery Dr Soetomo General HospitalAirlangga UniversitySurabayaIndonesia Department of Neurosurgery Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyThiruvananthapuramIndia Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Medical Sciences Liaquat National Hospital&Medical CollegeKarachiPakistan Department of Neurosurgery TU Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal Department of Neurosurgery Universidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiBrazil Department of Neurosurgery Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineCairo University81 Nasr RoadNasr CityCairoEgypt Bangladesh Society of Neurosurgeons DhakaBangladesh Khema Clinic 18 StreetPhnom Penh 528Cambodia DNB Neurosurgery Apollo HospitalChennaiIndia Institute of Neurosciences Nobel Medical College and Teaching HospitalBiratnagarNepal China International Neuroscience Institute BeijingChina Department of Neurosurgery University Medicine MannheimMannheimGermany Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai HospitalNew York CityUSA

Globally,the discipline of neurosurgery has evolved remarkably *** being one of the latest medical specialties,which appeared only around hundred years ago,it has witnessed innovations in the aspects of diagnostics methods,macro and micro surgical techniques,and treatment ***,this development is not evenly distributed between developed and developing *** same is the case with neurosurgical education and training,which developed from only traditional apprentice programs in the past to more structured,competencebased programs with various teaching methods being utilized,in recent times.A similar gap can be observed between developed and developing counties when it comes to neurosurgical ***,most of the scholars working in this field do understand the coherent relationship between neurosurgical education and neurosurgical *** context to this understanding,a symposium was organized during the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons(WFNS)Special World Congress Beijing *** symposium was the brain child of *** Kato-one of the eminent leaders in neurosurgery and an inspiration for female *** speakers from different continents presented the stages of development of neurosurgical education in their respective *** paper summarizes the outcome of these presentations,with particular emphasis on and the challenges faced by developing countries in terms of neurosurgical education and strategies to cope with these challenges.

关键词： Global neurosurgical education Developing countries

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