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Size fractions of organic matter pools influence their stability: Application of the Rock-Eval® analysis to beech forest soils

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 565-575页

作者： David SEBAG Eric P.VERRECCHIA Thierry ADATTE Michael AUBERT Guillaume CAILLEAU Thibaud DECAENS isabelle KOWALEWSKI Jean TRAP Fabrice BUREAU Mickael HEDDE Normandie Univ Universitéde Rouen Normandie(UNIROUEN)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)M2CRouen 76000France Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics(IDYST) GeopolisUniversity of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland Institut Français du Pétrole Energies Nouvelles(IFPEN) Earth Sciences and Environmental Technologies DivisionRueil-Malmaison 92852France Institute of Earth Sciences(ISTE) GeopolisUniversity of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland Normandie Univ Universitéde Rouen Normandie(UNIROUEN)Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculturel'Alimentation et l'Environnement(INRAE)LaboratoireÉtude et COmpréhension de la bioDIVersité(ECODIV)Rouen 76000France Laboratory of Microbiology Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel 2000Switzerland Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive(CEFE) Universitéde MontpellierCNRSEcole Pratique des Hautes Etudes(EPHE)Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD)Montpellier 34000France Eco&Sols INRAEIRDUniversitéde MontpellierMontpellier 34000France

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a complex heterogeneous mixture formed through decomposition and organo-mineral interactions, and characterization of its composition and biogeochemical stability is challenging. From this perspective, Rock-Eval® is a rapid and efficient thermal analytical method that combines the quantitative and qualitative information of SOM, including several parameters related to thermal stability. This approach has already been used to monitor changes in organic matter (OM) properties at the landscape, cropland, and soil profile scales. This study was aimed to assess the stability of SOM pools by characterizing the grain size fractions from forest litters and topsoils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis. Litter (organic) and topsoil samples were collected from a beech forest in Normandy (France), whose management in the last 200 years has been documented. Fractionation by wet sieving was used to separate large debris (> 2 000 μm) and coarse (200–2 000 μm) and fine particulate OM (POM) (50–200 μm) in the organic samples as well as coarse (200–2 000 μm), medium (50–200 μm), and fine (< 50 μm) fractions of the topsoil samples. Rock-Eval® was able to provide thermal parameters sensitive enough to study fine-scale soil processes. In the organic layers, quantitative and qualitative changes were explained by the progressive decomposition of labile organic compounds from plant debris to the finest organic particles. Meanwhile, the grain size fractions of topsoils presented different characteristics. The coarse organo-mineral fractions showed higher C contents, albeit with a different composition, higher thermal stability, and greater decomposition degree than the plant debris forming the organic layer. These results are consistent with those of previous studies that microbial activity is more effective in this fraction. The finest fractions of topsoils showed low C contents, the highest thermal stability, and low decomposition degree, which can be explained

关键词： aggregate decomposition litter organo-mineral interaction plant-microbe-soil continuum soil organic matter thermal analysis topsoil

Carbon Nanotube/Cellulose Nanocrystal Hybrid Conducting Thin Films

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第3期6卷 237-241页

作者： Christophe Olivier Jean Bruno Mougel Patricia Bertoncini Celine Moreau isabelle Capron Bernard Cathala Olivier Chauvet Jean Rouxel Institute of Materials(IMN) University of NantesCNRS2 rue de la Houssinière BP3222944322 Nantes cedex 3France BIA INRA44300 NantesFrance

Cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)have a high ability to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)in aqueous media and to form *** hybrids are used to grow layer-by-layer thin films of controlled *** to the presence of SWNTs,these films are *** this article,we describe the process by which the CNC/SWNT hybrids are obtained and discuss the electrical properties of the hybrid-based layer-by-layer films.

关键词： Nanocellulose nanotube LbL thin films hybrids

L2F Anemometry Measurements of the Inter-Row FlowField Within a Transonic Axial Compressor Providedwith Curved Windows

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Journal of Thermal Science 1999年第3期8卷 166-175页

作者： Xavier Ottavy isabelle Trebinjac Andre Vouillarmet(Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique UMR CNRS 5509/ECL/UCB Lyon IEcole Centrale de Lyon, 69131 Ecully Cedex, France) Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique UMR CNRS 5509/ECL/UCB Lyon I Ecole Centrale de Lyon Ecully Cedex France

When measurements are performed in high speed, small-scale compressors, the use of curved glasswindows is required in order to avoid any mismatch between the measurement window and the casing. However, the glass curvature leads to optical distortions, which hinder acceptable measurementsand can even prevent the acquisition of any data. Thus, an original optical assembly, which consistsin inserting a simple and inexpensive corrective window between the frontal lens of the anemometerand the shroud window, is proposed. The way of determining the geometric characteristics and theposition of this corrective window, which restores very acceptable fool, is presented in the paper. Thereliability of this corrective optical assembly is highlighted by comparative measurements in a test *** such an optical setting, L2F measurements were realized along a section, downstream of the inletguide vane (IGV) of a transonic compressor stage. The spatial resolution leads to a good descriptionof the interaction of the wake with the oblique shock emanating from the leading edge of the rotor.A phenomenological study of the wake/shock interaction with a change of frame is realized using thestreamwise equation of the transport of vorticity.

关键词： L2F anemometry curved windows distortions high-speed compressor wake/shock interaction.

Impact of on-range choice feeding with black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)on flock performance,egg quality,and range use of free-range laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 452-460页

作者： isabelle Ruhnke Camille Normant Dana L.M.Campbell Zafar Iqbal Caroline Lee Geoff N.Hinch Julie Roberts Faculty of Science AgricultureBusiness and LawSchool of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais 60000 BeauvaisFrance F.D.McMaster Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)ArmidaleNSW 2350Australia

Semi-intensive free-range farm systems are common in Australia, and these systems frequently practise on-range feeding. The objective of this study was to investigate the benefit of on-range choice feeding on flock performance, egg quality, and range use of free-range laying hens using black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens, BSF). A total of 160 mature ISA brown laying hens, previously determined to range daily, were allocated to a control group(control) or a treatment group(BSF) with various replicates depending on the parameter investigated. All hens were fed ad libitum indoors with a wheat-soy based diet formulated according to breed requirements. Black soldier fly hens were offered dried BSF larvae ad libitum on the range. Body weight, feed intake, BSF intake, egg production, feed conversion ratio, internal and external egg quality parameters, and individual range use using radio-frequency identification(RFID)technology was evaluated. Black soldier fly hens consumed on average 15 ± 1.7 g BSF larvae/hen per *** were no differences between BSF and control hens for any of the performance parameters obtained(P > 0.05). Egg weight, shell weight, and shell thickness of eggs from BSF hens were significantly lower(P = 0.003, P = 0.001, and P = 0.004, respectively) than those of eggs from control hens. Egg yolk colour was significantly paler in eggs from BSF hens(P 0.05) except for BSF hens showing longer total maximum time for a single visit to the range(P = 0.011). In conclusion, the average intake of BSF larvae indicated a good level of acceptance. Feed formulation should be adjusted for the intake of the choice fed source. The impact of choice-feeding on range use was minor.

关键词： Behaviour Chicken Insect protein Nutrition Poultry Radio-frequency identification

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父母的问题

父母必读 2005年第15期 22-23页

作者： isabelle Gravillon

孩子性别角色认同的过程并不总像一条平静流淌的小河,有时会伴随着许多疑问。下面,我们就父母关心的一些话题采访了精神分析学家马特林。

关键词：女孩像

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他相信我们能给他月亮

父母必读 2004年第5期 28-29页

作者： isabelle Grabvillon

唤来恐龙,把姐姐变没;圣诞老人无所不能……实际上,他也相信我们父母,相信我们是超人!

关键词：时间倒流

Direct observation of photonic Landau levels and helical edge states in strained honeycomb lattices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 627-636页

作者： Omar Jamadi Elena Rozas Grazia Salerno Marijana Milicevic Tomoki Ozawa isabelle Sagnes Aristide Lemaitre Luc Le Gratiet Abdelmounaim Harouri Iacopo Carusotto Jacqueline Bloch Alberto Amo Universite de Lille CNRSUMR 8523—PhLAM—Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molecules59000 LilleFrance Depto.de Fisica de Materiales e Instituto Nicolas Cabrera Universidad Autonoma de Madrid(UAM)28049 MadridSpain Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems Universite Libre de BruxellesCP 231Campus PlaineB-1050 BrusselsBelgium Universite Paris-Saclay CNRSCentre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies91120 PalaiseauFrance Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program(iTHEMS) RIKENWakoSaitama 351-0198Japan INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica Universita di Trento38123 PovoItaly

We report the realization of a synthetic magnetic field for photons and polaritons in a honeycomb lattice of coupled semiconductor micropillars.A strong synthetic field is induced in both the s and p orbital bands by engineering a uniaxial hopping gradient in the lattice,giving rise to the formation of Landau levels at the Dirac *** provide direct evidence of the sublattice symmetry breaking of the lowest-order Landau level wavefunction,a distinctive feature of synthetic magnetic *** realization implements helical edge states in the gap between n=0 and n=±1 Landau levels,experimentally demonstrating a novel way of engineering propagating edge states in photonic *** light of recent advances in the enhancement of polariton–polariton nonlinearities,the Landau levels reported here are promising for the study of the interplay between pseudomagnetism and interactions in a photonic system.

关键词： Landau helical realization

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夸孩子:多还是少?

父母必读 2005年第9期 30-32页

作者： isabelle Gravillon

对他说:你很漂亮、很聪明。你将造就的不是一个感觉自己"还算过得去"的孩子,而是一个自我感觉良好、对自己的形象相当满意的孩子。

关键词：父母自信幻觉

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手机、微波炉、电脑,对孕妇有害吗?

父母必读 2004年第17期 67-69页

作者： isabelle Gravillon

今天,家里、办公室和大街上,电磁辐射无处不在。它们是否会危害孕妇和未出生的宝宝的健康? 各种家用电器大大方便了我们的日常生活,吸尘器、电磁炉、微波炉、烤箱、电脑、电视、收音机。甚至电子闹钟,但同时,我们也在被它们包围着,包围... 详细信息

今天,家里、办公室和大街上,电磁辐射无处不在。它们是否会危害孕妇和未出生的宝宝的健康? 各种家用电器大大方便了我们的日常生活,吸尘器、电磁炉、微波炉、烤箱、电脑、电视、收音机。甚至电子闹钟,但同时,我们也在被它们包围着,包围在看不见但又无处不在的电磁波中! 打开床前灯的开关时。

关键词：微波炉电磁炉电磁波