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Twenty years of population dynamics in European beech-oak forest at their rear range margin anticipate changes in its structure and composition

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 358-370页

作者： álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado Iciar Alberdi isabel canellas Fernando Montes Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada Rosana López Guillermo G.Gordaliza María Valbuena-Carabana Nikos Nanos Ramón Perea Luis Gil Departamento de dinamica y gestion forestal Instituto de Ciencias Forestales(ICIFOR-INIA)CSICCtra.La Coruna km 7.528040MadridSpain Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingeniería de MontesForestal y del Medio NaturalUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid.Ciudad Universitaria s/n28040MadridSpain School of Forestry and Natural Environment Aristotle University of ThessalonikiUniversity Campus54124ThessalonikiGreece

There is an increasing interest in restoring degraded forests,which occupy half of the forest areas.Among the forms of restoration,passive restoration,which involves the elimination of degrading factors and the free evolution of natural dynamics by applying minimal or no management,is gaining attention.Natural dynamics is difficult to predict due to the influence of multiple interacting factors such as climatic and edaphic conditions,composition and abundance of species,and the successional character of these species.Here,we study the natural dynamics of a mixed forest located in central Spain,which maintained an open forest structure,due to intensive use,until grazing and cutting were banned in the 1960s.The most frequent woody species in this forest are Fagus sylvatica,Quercus petraea,Quercus pyrenaica,Ilex aquifolium,Sorbus aucuparia,Sorbus aria and Prunus avium,with contrasting shade and drought tolerance.These species are common in temperate European deciduous forest and are found here near their southern distribution limit,except for Q.pyrenaica.In order to analyze forest dynamics and composition,three inventories were carried out in 1994,2005 and 2015.Our results show that,despite the Mediterranean influence,the natural dynamics of this forest has been mainly determined by different levels of shade tolerance.After the abandonment of grazing and cutting,Q.pyrenaica expanded rapidly due to its lower shade tolerance,whereas after canopy closure and forest densification,shade-tolerant species gained ground,particularly F.sylvatica,despite its lower drought and late-frost tolerance.If the current dynamics continue,F.sylvatica will overtake the rest of the species,which will be relegated to sites with shallow soils and steep slopes.Simultaneously,all the multi-centennial beech trees,which are undergoing a rapid mortality and decline process,will disappear.

关键词： Forest succession Secondary forest Woodland Mixed forest Competition Recruitment

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Development of ecoregion-based merchantable volume systems for Pinus brutia Ten. and Pinus nigra Arnold. in southern Turkey

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第1期27卷 101-117页

作者： Ramazan Ozcelik Yasin Karatepe Nevzat Gurlevik isabel canellas Felipe Crecente-Campo Faculty of Forestry Suleyman Demirel UniversityEast Campus32260 IspartaTurkey Centro de Investigacion Forestal(CIFOR) Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Crta.de la Corufia km 7.528040 MadridSpain CERNA ingeniería Medioambiental S.L.P.c/Ourense 541°B27004 LugoSpain

Estimating individual tree volume is one of the essential building blocks in forest growth and yield models. Ecologically based taper equations provide accurate vol- ume predictions and allow classification by mer- chantable sizes, assisting in sustainable forest management. In the present study, ecoregion-based compatible volume systems for brutian pine and black pine in the three ecoregions of southern Turkey were developed. Several well-known taper functions were evaluated. A second- order continuous-time autoregressive error structure was used to correct the inherent autocorrelation in the hierar- chical data, allowing the model to be applied to irregularly spaced and unbalanced data. The compatible segmented model of Fang et al. （For Sci 46：1-12, 2000） best described the experimental data. It is therefore recommended for estimating diameter at a specific height, height to a specific diameter, merchantable volume, and total volume for the three ecoregions and two species analyzed. The nonlinearextra sum of squares method indicated differences in ecoregion and tree-specific taper functions. A different taper function should therefore be used for each pine spe- cies and ecoregion in southern Turkey. Using ecoregion- specific taper equations allows making more robust esti- mations and, therefore, will enhance the accuracy of diameter at different heights and volume predictions.

关键词： Taper function Segmented model Brutianpine Black pine. Ecoregion Pinaceae

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