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DeepRice: A deep learning and deep feature based classification of Rice leaf disease subtypes

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： Ritharson, P. isaac Raimond, Kumudha Mary, X. Anitha Robert, j.nnifer Eunice Andrew, j. Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept CSE Coimbatore Tamilnadu India Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept Robot Engn Coimbatore India Manipal Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Mechatron Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Manipal Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India

Rice stands as a crucial staple food globally, with its enduring sustainability hinging on the prompt detection of rice leaf diseases. Hence, efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds paramount importance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical testing. In the recent past, the identification of leaf pathologies in crops predominantly relies on manual methods using specialized equipment, which proves to be time-consuming and inefficient. This study offers a remedy by harnessing Deep Learning (DL) and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases. A comprehensive dataset comprising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets, categorized into 9 classes irrespective of the extent of disease spread across the leaves. These classes encompass diverse states including healthy leaves, mild and severe blight, mild and severe tungro, mild and severe blast, as well as mild and severe brown spot. Following meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation, which was validated by horticulture experts, data augmentation strategies were implemented to amplify the number of images. The datasets were subj.cted to evaluation using the proposed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks models. Their performance are scrutinized in conj.nction with alternative transfer learning approaches like VGG16, Xception, ResNet50, DenseNet121, Inception ResnetV2, and Inception V3. The effectiveness of the proposed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its capacity to generalize to unseen images, yielding an exceptional accuracy of 99.94%, surpassing the benchmarks set by existing state-of-the-art models. Further, the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interpretable AI. (c) 2023 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativeco

关键词： Rice leaf disease Deep learning CNN Crop yield Agriculture Food security IDENTIFICATION

Publisher’s Erratum to:Metamaterial-based graphene thermal emitter

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5753-5753页

作者： Cheng Shi Nathan H.Mahlmeister isaac j.luxmoore Geoffrey R.Nash College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX44QFUK

The article"Metamaterial-based graphene thermal emitter",written by Cheng Shi,Nathan ***,***,and Geoffrey ***,was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal(currently SpringerLink)on December 6th 2017 without open *** the author(s)’decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed in February 2018 to©The Author(s)2018 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License(http://***/licenses/by/4.0/),which permits use,duplication,adaptation,distribution and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source,provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were *** original article has been corrected.

关键词： emitter license creative

Hepatic vein reconstruction during hepatectomy:A feasible and underused technique

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 421-427页

作者： Manish Ahuj. Kunal j.shi Chris Coldham Paulo Muiesan Bobby Dasari Manuel Abradelo Ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza j.hn isaac David Bartlett Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Robert P Sutcliffe Keith j.Roberts Department of HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Complete surgical resection(R0)of liver tumors,primary or metastatic,remains the main obj.ctive in management of primary and metastatic liver tumors[1].Tumors invading to the proximity of the hepatic venous outflow pose a peculiar challenge to achieve R0 resections,because this location may render a tumor *** median survival of patients with liver tumor without surgery is less than 12 months[2].Even with surgery,post-hepatectomy liver failure and subsequently increased mortality are the main problems associated with complex resection[3].Moreover,when the vein is affected,vein resection and subsequent reconstruction are *** resection is a standard practice in liver resection and transplantation[4],for example,hepatic vein reconstruction during a living-donor liver transplant,porto-mesenteric axis reconstruction during resection of advanced pancreatic cancer and caval reconstruction during resection of retroperitoneal ***,novel techniques like total hepatic vascular exclusion(HVE)[5],veno-venous bypass[6]and ex vivo hepatic resection[7,8]have facilitated curative resections of tumors close to one or more maj.r hepatic veins.

关键词： hepatectomy surgery mortality

The organization of societal conflicts by pavement ants Tetramorium caespitum： an agent-based model of amine-mediated decision making

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 277-284页

作者： Kevin M. HOOVER Andrew N. BUBAK isaac j. LAW j.zmine D. W. YAEGER Kenneth j. RENNER j.hn G. SWALLOW Michael j. GREENE Department of Integrative Biology University of Colorado Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA Neuroscience Program University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 80045 USA Department of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion South Dakota 57069 USA

Ant colonies self-organize to solve complex problems despite the simplicity of an individual ant＇s brain. Pavement ant Tetramorium caespitum colonies must solve the problem of defending the ter- ritory that they patrol in search of energetically rich forage. When members of 2 colonies randomly interact at the territory boundary a decision to fight occurs when： 1） there is a mismatch in nest- mate recognition cues and 2） each ant has a recent history of high interaction rates with nestmate ants. Instead of fighting, some ants will decide to recruit more workers from the nest to the fighting location, and in this way a positive feedback mediates the development of colony wide wars. In ants, the monoamines serotonin （5-HT） and octopamine （OA） modulate many behaviors associated with colony organization and in particular behaviors associated with nestmate recognition and ag- gression. In this article, we develop and explore an agent-based model that conceptualizes how in- dividual changes in brain concentrations of 5-HT and OA, paired with a simple threshold-based de- cision rule, can lead to the development of colony wide warfare. Model simulations do lead to the development of warfare with 91% of ants fighting at the end of 1 h. When conducting a sensitivity analysis, we determined that uncertainty in monoamine concentration signal decay influences the behavior of the model more than uncertainty in the decision-making rule or density. We conclude that pavement ant behavior is consistent with the detection of interaction rate through a single timed interval rather than integration of multiple interactions.

关键词： agent-based model aggressive behavior ants decision making monoamines octopamine serotonin.

Relationship between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines profiles and some haematological parameters in some Cameroonians infected with Onchocerca volvulus

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Asian Pacific j.urnal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第9期5卷 713-717页

作者： Nmorsi OPG Nkot BP isaac C Che j Tropical Disease Research Unit Department of ZoologyAmbrose Alli UniversityEkpomaNigeria

Obj.ctive:To investigate the relationship between white blood cells,lymphocytes,monocytes, and Interleukin(IL)-1α,***-10 and IL-13 production in Cameroonians with Onchocerca volvulus(***) ***:A lolal of 357 individuals from five sites at Upper *** and Sanaga Maritime divisions and located along Sanaga valley of Sanaga River in South Cameroon were screened for the presence of *** using the skin *** levels of the interleukins(IL-) namely IL-1α,IL-6,IL-10 and IL-13 were evaluated using enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay *** parameters were evaluated using standard laboratory automated ***:*** microfilariae were found in skin tissues of 85(23.81%) *** mean interleukin(IL-) levels in the 0,volvulus control and infected individuals were IL-1αin(1.65±0.79 and 2.31±0.5) pg/ml.:IL-6 in(278.36±55.34 and 20l.74±34.56) pg/ml.:IL-10 in(436.03±208.64 and 418.49±I47.88) pg/*** IL-13 in(8.98±7.28 and 3S.06±11.92) pg/*** was a negative correlation between monocyte counts and IL-10 concentration in positive individuals.A negative correlation of IL-6 with while blood cell and lymphocyte counts was observed(P<0.05).The level of IL-13 was positively associated with microfilaria]load(P<0.05).Conclusions:We observed depressed IL-6 and raised IL-13 concentrations in the sera of individuals with onchocerciasis which implicate these interleukins in the immunological responses of the ***,these IL-6 and IL-13 are associated with *** infection among Cameroonians.

关键词： Pro inflammatory cytokines Anti inflammatory cytokines Haematological parameters Onchocerca volvulus Cameroonians Microfilarial load

Venous resection at pancreaticoduodenectomy can be safely performed in the presence of j.undice

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第5期19卷 488-491页

作者： Rupaly Pande j.mes Hodson Ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza j.hn isaac Keith j.Roberts HPB Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK Institute of Translational Medicine University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152THUK

Venous resection at pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)has established itself as a viable treatment for borderline resectable cancer,with equivalent survival to those patients undergoing PD for cancer without venous resection[1].Thus surgery for these patients is clearly desirable,when possible,compared to palliative ***,there is concern and debate about the safety of venous resection at PD[2].There is a need to improve patient pathways,outcome and experience[3].To this end,in patients who present with j.undice,it is clear that surgery without preoperative biliary drainage(PBD)reduces complications[4].In 2015,our team introduced a‘fast track’program to routinely perform PD in the presence of j.undice[5].This change of practice has become routine,with most patients now undergoing surgery without *** is,however,unclear whether portal vein(PV)resection+PD is safe in the setting of *** aim of this study,therefore,was to compare outcomes and complications between patients with or without j.undice undergoing PD with associated resection of the superior mesenteric vein(SMV)and/or PV.

关键词： j.undice resection routine

Prognostic factors and survival after surgical resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with validation of established and modified staging systems

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第2期17卷 169-175页

作者： Nikolaos Benetatos j.mes Hodson Ravi Marudanayagam Robert P Sutcliffe j.hn R isaac j.hn Ayuk Tahir Shah Keith j.Roberts The HPB Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Institute of Translational Medicine Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham University Hospitals Birmingham Endocrinology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham University Hospitals Birmingham Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs) display wide heterogeneity with highly variable prognosis. This study aimed to identify variables related to survival after surgical resection of ***: A total of 143 patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Patient characteristics were analyzed and prognostic factors for overall survival and progression-free survival were evaluated. The WHO, ENETS and Aj.C scoring systems were applied to the cohort, and their ability to predict patient outcomes were ***: Multivariate analysis found that female gender, lymph node metastases and increasing WHO2010 grade to be independently associated with reduced overall survival(P j.C scoring systems to be similarly predictive of 5-year overall survival. Modified Ki67 significantly improved its accuracy in predicting 5-year overall survival(AUROC: 0.699 vs 0.605;P < 0.01).Conclusions: Multi-visceral or debulking surgery is associated with poor outcomes. There seems to be no significant difference between enucleation and anatomical segmental resection. Available scoring systems have reasonable accuracy in stratifying disease severity, with no system identified as being *** stratification with modified grading systems needs further validation before applied in clinical practice.

关键词： Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors Prognostic factors Validation of staging systems

Use of testicular sperm in couples with SCSA-defined high sperm DNA fragmentation and failed intracytoplasmic sperm inj.ction using ej.culated sperm

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Asian j.urnal of Andrology 2020年第4期22卷 348-353页

作者： Mohannad Alharbi Fadl Hamouche Simon Phillips j.cques isaac Kadoch Armand Zini Division of Urology Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontreal H4A3J1Canada Department of Urology College of MedicineQassim UniversityQassim 1162Saudi Arabia OVO Fertility Clinic Montreal H4P2S4Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of MontrealMontreal H3C3J7Canada

Sperm DNA fragmentation(SDF)has been linked with male infertility,and previous studies suggest that SDF can have negative influence on pregnancy outcomes with assisted *** performed a retrospective review of consecutive couples with a high SDF level that had intracytoplasmic sperm inj.ction(ICSI)using testicular sperm(T-ICSI).We compared the T-ICSI outcomes to that of two control groups:87 couples with failed first ICSI cycle and who had a second ICSI cycle using ej.culated sperm(Ej.ICSI),and 48 consecutive couples with high sperm chromatin structure assay(SCSA)-defined SDF(>15%)that underwent an ICSI cycle using ej.culated sperm after one or more failed ICSI cycles(Ej.ICSI-high SDF).The mean number of oocytes that were retrieved and the total number of embryos were not different among the three *** mean number of transferred embryos in the T-ICSI group was higher than the Ej.ICSI group but not significantly different than the Ej.ICSI-high SDF group(1.4,1.2,and 1.3,respectively,Pj.ICSI and Ej.ICSI-high SDF groups(48.6%,48.2%,and 38.7%,respectively,P>0.05).No significant difference was found in live birth rate when comparing T-ICSI to Ej.ICSI and Ej.ICSI-high SDF *** results suggest that pregnancy outcomes and live birth rates with T-ICSI are not significantly superior to Ej.ICSI in patients with an elevated SCSA-defined sperm DNA fragmentation and prior ICSI failure(s).

关键词： intracytoplasmic sperm inj.ction male infertility sperm chromatin structure assay sperm DNA fragmentation sperm retrieval testicular sperm

Study of Mechanical Behaviour of Coconut Shell Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite

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j.urnal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第8期11卷 774-779页

作者： Agunsoye j. Olumuyiwa Talabi S. isaac Sanni O. Samuel Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of Lagos Akoka Yaba Lagos Nigeria

The morphology and mechanical properties of coconut shell reinforced polyethylene composite have been evaluated to establish the possibility of using it as a new material for engineering applications. Coconut shell reinforced composite was prepared by compacting low density polyethylene matrix with 5% - 25% volume fraction coconut shell particles and the effect of the particles on the mechanical properties of the composite produced was investigated. The result shows that the hardness of the composite increases with increase in coconut shell content though the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, impact energy and ductility of the composite decreases with increase in the particle content. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the composites (with 0% - 25% particles) surfaces indicates poor interfacial interaction between the coconut shell particle and the low density polyethylene matrix. This study therefore exploits the potential of agrobased waste fiber in Nigeria as an alternative particulate material for the development of a new composite.

关键词： Coconut Shell Particles Mechanical Properties Composite Morphology Polyethylene Matrix