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Missed Opportunities for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

World Journal of AIDS 2014年第3期4卷 356-364页

作者： Babatunde O. Ogunbosi Regina E. Oladokun Olutosin Awolude Biobele J. Brown Olubukola A. Adeshina Modupe Kuti Babafemi Taiwo Baiba Berzins Demetrious N. Kyriacou Ellen G. Chadwick Kikelomo Osinusi isaac f. adewole Robert L. Murphy Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Paediatrics University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Internal Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago USA Center for Global Health Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago USA Department of Emergency Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago USA Department of Pediatrics Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago USA

Background: Nigeria has the largest paediatric HIV-infected population in the world. Missed opportunities for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) compromise efforts at eliminating new pediatric HIV infections. Methods: Six hundred children, aged f the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan Southwest Nigeria between June to December 2007 were studied. The demographics, HIV status and socioeconomic status of mothers and their children were studied. A 4-step hierarchy was used to assess the missed opportunities for PMTCT. Step 1: utilization of a health facility for antenatal care and delivery;Step 2: maternal HIV status determination during pregnancy;Step 3: provision of antiretroviral medication to HIV-infected mother and baby;and Step 4: avoidance of mixed feeding in HIV-exposed children. The rates of missed opportunities for PMTCT services at different steps in the PMTCT cascade, perinatal transmission rates, and associated factors were reported. Results: There were 599 mothers and 600 children (one set of twins), 60 (10%) were HIV infected and 56 (93.3%) of these were adjudged perinatally infected. Of 78 HIV-infected women, 7 (9.0%) accessed all interventions in the PMTCT cascade and 71 (91.0%) had missed opportunities for PMTCT. Missed opportunities for PMTCT occurred 42.9% in cascade Step 1, 64.2% in Step 2, 52.6% in step 3 and 73.7% in Step 4. All mother-baby pairs who accessed complete PMTCT interventions received care at a teaching hospital. Among infants with perinatal HIV infection, 53 (94.6%) were born to mothers who had missed opportunities for PMTCT. Most women with missed opportunities attended antenatal care outside the teaching hospital setting and belonged to low socioeconomic status. Conclusion: It is imperative to expand PMTCT access to women who receive antenatal care outside the teaching hospitals and to those of low socioeconomic status.

关键词： HIV Perinatal Prevention PMTCT Missed Opportunities

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Generation, Characterization and Management Practices of Household Solid Wastes in Cowfield, Paynesville City, Liberia

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第4期9卷 113-127页

作者： fallah Nyumah Joseph f. Charles isaac A. Bamgboye Ademola K. Aremu James S. Eisah Environmental Management Pan African University Institute of Life and Earth Sciences Institute (PAULESI) University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Environmental Science William VS Tubman University Harper Liberia Department of Interdisciplinary Research Honors College of Research and Gender Studies University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia Environmental Engineering Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria School of Environmental Science and Climate Change University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

The success of any waste management system requires accurate and up-to-date data on quantity, composition of waste. Waste generation data from household are needed to address issues relating to municipal solid wastes such as management method, performance improvement, policy, regional and local planning, administrative, cost accounting, design and operation of landfill facilities and environmental quality. This study was conducted to provide empirical data on generation rates, quantity and composition, management practices, challenges and strategies from urban household. Waste collection, weighing, questionnaires survey and field observation were methods used during the study. Waste was collected and weighed from 60 households using multi-stage sampling technique for seven days. Questionnaires were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 and Excel. A total of 1125.2 kg of waste was recorded. font-family:Verdana;">The average household waste generation was 3 kg per day with per capita generation rate of 0.41 kg/cap/day. The compositional analysis showed that Organic (53%), Plastic (11%), Textile (6%), Metal (2%), Glass (1%), Paper and Cardboard 4% and others (22%). Solid waste management practices are very rudimentary. Burning (53.7%) and Open Dumping (30%) were found to be the most commonly used method of disposal with very limited collection service (33.3%) and segregation. The most challenges faced by households were communal disposal area (66.7%) and waste service providers (21.7%) storage bins (11.6%). Waste to energy (48.3%) and compositing (23.3%) were the most considered option for waste management by the respondents.

关键词： Waste Generation Composition Household Municipal Solid Waste Management

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Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in very elderly patients： immediate results and medium term follow-up

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第4期12卷 340-345页

作者： isaac Pascual Antonio J Mu oz-García Diego López-Otero Pablo Avanzas Manuel f Jimenez-Navarro Belén Cid-Alvarez Raquel del Valle Juan H Alonso-Briales Raimundo Ocaranza-Sanchez José M Hemández Ramiro Trillo-Nouche César Morís Area del Corazón Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Av. Roma Oviedo Asturias Spain Department of Cardiology Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria Campus de Teatinos Málaga Spain Department of Cardiology Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela Travesla da Choupana A Coru a Spain

Objective To evaluate immediate transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI） results and medium-term follow-up in very elderly pa- tients with severe and symptomatic aortic stenosis （AS）. Methods This multicenter, observational and prospective study was carried out in three hospitals. We included consecutive very elderly （〉 85 years） patients with severe AS treated by TAVI. The primary endpoint was to evaluate death rotes from any cause at two years. Results The study included 160 consecutive patients with a mean age of 87 ± 2.1 years （range from 85 to 94 years） and a mean logistic EuroSCORE of 18.8% ± 11.2% with 57 （35.6%） patients scoring 〉 20%. Procedural success rate was 97.5%, with 25 （15.6%） patients experiencing acute complications with major bleeding （the most frequent）. Global mortality rate during hospitalization was 8.8% （n = 14） and 30-day mortality rate was 10% （n = 16）. Median follow up period was 252.24± 232.17 days. During the follow-up period, 28 （17.5%） patients died （17 of them due to cardiac causes）. The estimated two year overall and cardiac survival rates using the Kaplan-Meier method were 71% and 86.4%, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression showed that the variable EuroSCORE ≥ 20 was the unique vari- able associated with overall mortality. Conclusions TAVI is safe and effective in a selected population of very elderly patients. Our findings support the adoption of this new procedure in this complex group of patients.

关键词： Aortic stenosis High surgical risk Transcatheter aortic valve Very elderly patients

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Design and Implementation of Smart Power Voltage and frequency Synchroniser in Power Distribution System

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2023年第4期11卷 1-16页

作者： isaac Kofi Mensah Prah Joseph Cudjoe Attachie Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa Ghana

Voltage and frequency are usually considered and assessed independently in the design and operation of electrical networks. However, these two are linked. Each and every malfunctioning electrical system has an impact on both voltage and frequency. This paper presents the opportunity for monitoring the distributed electrical energy by means of a system that monitors, controls, and provides a breakpoint based on high or low voltage and frequency tripping mechanism that avoids any damage to the load. The designed system comprised a switch mode power supply (SMPS), a direct digital synthesizer (DDS), and PIC16f876A microcontroller techniques for stable voltage and frequency outputs. Proteus design suite version 8.11 software and Benchcope SDS1102CN were used for modeling and simulation. The hardware prototype was implemented at a telecom cell site for data capturing and analysis. Test results showed that the implementation of the prototype provided stable and constant outputs of 222 V/50 Hz and 112 V/60 Hz which constituted 99% and 99.8% efficiency for voltage and frequency performance respectively. The paper also discusses different technologies that can be adopted by the system to mitigate voltage and frequency effects on customer appliances.

关键词： Switch Mode Power Supply Direct Digital Synthesis Pulse Width Modulation H-Bridge Mosfet Microcontroller filtering and Rectification

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Assessment of Subsurface Competency Using Geotechnical Method of a Proposed Structure f.C.T Nigeria

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Advances in Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Research 2022年第4期4卷 41-49页

作者： Osisanya O.Wasiu Diyanuwa A.Buduwara Korode A.isaac Ibitoye T.Abel Ajibade f.Zephaniah Department of Physics University of BeninBeninEdoNigeria Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering University of MeduguriNigeria Department of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences Petroleum Training InstituteEffurunNigeria

Structural failure has been recently happenings mostly in the commercially populated states along the coastal line in *** a result,an open field at a chosen location in Abuja,Nigeria,was *** the purpose of this study,test bores were drilled and Standard Penetration Tests(SPT)were conducted at every 1.5 m interval up to a maximum depth of 12.0 m with the bearing pressure ranging between 20 kN/m^(2)and 1000 kN/m^(2).3 test bores’were drilled within the plot location,and samples were obtained at the test bores locations for laboratory *** revealed that subsurface lithology found at the site within the explored depths of 0.0~12.0 m is mostly silty sand,laterite,sandy clay,silty clay,clayey sand,and weathered *** findings from the sub-soils of the different places and their bearing pressures were computed with SPT N *** foundations may be rigid raft foundations at a depth of 2.0 meters below the present ground level,according to bearing capacity values that range from 20 kN/m^(2)to 60 kN/m^(2)at 1.5 to 3.0 *** recommended building foundations take into account the sub-soil’s characteristics at the drilling places at a depth of between 1.0 and 3.0 *** structure might also be supported by frictional piles buried 10 meters beneath the surface.

关键词： Bearing Test Soil Strength Depth

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Dynamic Systems of Shifts in the Space of Piece-Wise Continuous functions

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2012年第6期2卷 446-449页

作者： isaac Kwame Dontwi William Obeng-Denteh Department of Mathematics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

In this paper we embark on the study of Dynamic Systems of Shifts in the space of piece-wise continuous functions analogue to the known Bebutov system. We give a formal definition of a topological dynamic system in the space of piece-wise continuous functions and show, by way of an example, stability in the sense of Poisson discontinuous function. We prove that a fixed discontinuous function, f, is discontinuous for all its shifts, whereas the trajectory of discontinuous function is not a compact set.

关键词： Dynamic System Shifts Piecewise Continuous functions Compact Sets Poisson Discontinuous function

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Management of Ruptured Scalp Arteriovenous Malformation: A Rare Case and Literature Review

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2020年第12期10卷 271-278页

作者： isaac Okyere Sanjeev Singh Perditer Okyere Paa Kwesi S. fiifi-Yankson Boutros f. farhat Samuel Gyasi Brenu Department of Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science Kumasi Ghana Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Renal Unit/Department of Medicine Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are vascular anomalies that arise due to abnormal connection with shunting of blood from arteries to veins without an intervening capillary network. They are mostly found intracranially but extracranially, the scalp AVM cases are also well reported. However, arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the scalp is a rare lesion whose natural history is not clearly understood. The clinical manifestation of AVM includes asymptomatic state, local discomfort, headaches and occasional scalp necrosis leading to massive haemorrhage. CT or MR angiography remains the cornerstone for investigation. The options of treatment include complete surgical excision, embolization or a combination of the two modalities. We present the successful management of a young man who presented with a torrential bleeding from a ruptured scalp arteriovenous malformation and had to undergo emergency complete excision followed with a rotational flap for the scalp reconstruction.

关键词： Scalp Arteriovenous Malformation Bleeding Surgery Rotational flap

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Photoelectrochemical Iron-Catalyzed C(sp^(3))-H Borylation of Alkanes in a Position-Selective Manner

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1430-1438页

作者： Wen Wei Bin Wang Simon L.Homölle Jinbin Zhu Yanjun Li Tristan von Münchow isaac Maksso Lutz Ackermann Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen37077 Göttingen

Catalytic C-H borylation is of prime topical importance,since easily available feedstock chemicals can thereby be transformed into valuable transient functional groups in the absence of directing ***,we disclose an iron-catalyzed C(sp^(3))-H borylation of simple,non-prefunctionalized alkanes,providing access to value-added products in a single step by means of *** power of merging photo-and electrochemistry was mirrored by ample scope and exceedingly mild reaction ***,an outstanding position-selectivity in favor of primary C(sp^(3))-H proved viable within the photoelectrochemical borylation through a chemo-selective anodic overoxidation *** ferro-photoelectrochemistry strategy avoids toxic precious transition metals,enabling C(sp^(3))-H borylations in a site-selective fashion.

关键词： photoelectrocatalysis C(sp^(3))-H borylation iron catalysis position-selectivity chlorine radical

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Graft loss among renal-transplant recipients with early reduction of immunosuppression for BK viremia

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World Journal of Transplantation 2017年第5期7卷 269-275页

作者： Marwan M Azar Roland Assi Aziz K Valika David B Banach isaac E Hall Marie-Louise Landry Maricar f Malinis Department of Pathology Section of MicrobiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02145United States Section of Infectious Diseases Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of Surgery Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Adventist Health Partners ChicagoIL 60521United States Division of Infectious Diseases University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCT 06032United States Division of Hypertension and Nephrology University of Utah School of MedicineDalt Lake CityUT 84132United States Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States

AIM To review the incidence of graft loss and acute rejection among renal transplant recipients with early reduction of immunosuppression for BK *** We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive de-novo kidney-only transplants from January 2009 to December 2012 to evaluate the incidence of Polyomavirus associated nephropathy(PyV AN). Recipient plasma was screened for BKV DNA via quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) at months 1,3,6,9 and 12 post-transplant and on worsening graft *** was reduced at ≥ 3-log copies/mL. Those with viremia of ≥ 4-log copies/mL(presumptive PyV AN) underwent renal transplant biopsy. Presumptive Py VAN(PP) and definitive Py VAN(DP; biopsy-proven) were treated by immunosuppression reduction(IR) only. RESULTS Among 319 kidney transplant recipients,the median age was 53 years(range 19-83),65.8% were male,and 58.9% were white. Biopsy-proven acute rejection was found in 18.5% within 0-168 wk. Death-censored graft loss occurred in 5.3%(n = 17) and graft loss attributable to PyV AN was 0.6%(n = 2). forty-seven patients were diagnosed with PP(14.7%) and 18(5.6%) with DP. Graft loss among participants with PyV AN(8.5%) and those without(4.8%) was not significantly different. Deceased donor kidney transplantation(OR = 2.3,95%CI = 1.1-4.6) and AR(OR = 2.3,95%CI = 1.2-4.7) were associated with Py VAN in the multivariate analysis. BK viremia between 3 and 4-log copies/mL occurred in 27 patients,all of whom underwent IR. Of these,16(59%) never developed PyV AN while 11(41%) developed PyV AN(4 DP,7 PP) within a range of 11-39 wk. CONCLUSION Instituting an early reduction of immunosuppression,in the absence of adjunctive antivirals,is effective at preventing PyV AN and may be associated with a lower incidence of graft-loss without a reciprocal increase in the incidence of acute rejection.

关键词： BK virus Renal transplant Screening PyVAN Prevention Graft loss

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Two-step machine learning enables optimized nanoparticle synthesis

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 498-507页

作者： flore Mekki-Berrada Zekun Ren Tan Huang Wai Kuan Wong fang Zheng Jiaxun Xie isaac Parker Siyu Tian Senthilnath Jayavelu Zackaria Mahfoud Daniil Bash Kedar Hippalgaonkar Saif Khan Tonio Buonassisi Qianxiao Li Xiaonan Wang Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology SMART SingaporeSingapore Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore Institute of Materials Research&Engineering SingaporeSingapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMAUSA Department of Mathematics National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of High Performance Computing SingaporeSingapore

In materials science,the discovery of recipes that yield nanomaterials with defined optical properties is costly and *** this study,we present a two-step framework for a machine learning-driven high-throughput microfluidic platform to rapidly produce silver nanoparticles with the desired absorbance *** a Gaussian process-based Bayesian optimization(BO)with a deep neural network(DNN),the algorithmic framework is able to converge towards the target spectrum after sampling 120 *** the dataset is large enough to train the DNN with sufficient accuracy in the region of the target spectrum,the DNN is used to predict the colour palette accessible with the reaction *** remaining interpretable by humans,the proposed framework efficiently optimizes the nanomaterial synthesis and can extract fundamental knowledge of the relationship between chemical composition and optical properties,such as the role of each reactant on the shape and amplitude of the absorbance spectrum.

关键词： spectrum synthesis. synthesis

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