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Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima URBIETA Bruna da Silva XAVIER isaíJorge de CASTRO JoséJúlio DE TOLEDO Gustavo GRACIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS William Douglas CARVALHO Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main ***,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network ***,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host *** captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian *** female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically *** pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 *** total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,*** values were very low for the pooled network and for all *** results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry ***,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male ***,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network *** studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

The Substructure of Elementary Particles Demonstrated by the I-Theory

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 469-514页

作者： H. H. Swami isa Christophe Dumas Global Energy Parliament Trivandrum Kerala India

Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.

关键词： I-Theory I-Particle Causal Subtle Gross Quanta Attraction Quanta repulsion Quanta Elementary Particles Leptons Bosons Hadron Periodic Table Black Matter White Matter red Matter Gravitation Strong Force Weak Force Quantum Theory Heat Quantum Photon Neutrino

Pediatric and adult liver transplantation in Bahrain: The experiences in a country with no available liver transplant facilities

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World Journal of transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 96-111页

作者： Hasan M isa Fatema A Alkharsi Jawad K Khamis Sawsan A Hasan Zainab A Naser Zainab N Mohamed Afaf M Mohamed Shaikha A Altamimi Department of Pediatrics Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatrics Arabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Medicine Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain Public Health Directorate Ministry of HealthManama 26671Bahrain The Overseas Office Supreme Committee for Treatment AbroadMinistry of HealthManama 26671Bahrain

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver disease and has become the standard and most effective treatment method for these *** are many indications for LT that vary between countries and *** outcome of LT depends on the available facilities and surgical expertise,as well as the types of liver graft donors *** To assess the clinical characteristics of patients from Bahrain who underwent LT overseas,and analyze factors affecting their *** In this retrospective cohort study,we reviewed the medical records and overseas committee registry information of all pediatric and adult patients who were sent overseas to undergo LT by the Pediatric and Medical Departments of Salmaniya Medical Complex and Bahrain Defence Force Hospital via the Overseas Treatment Office,Ministry of Health,Kingdom of Bahrain,between 1997 and *** data,LT indication,donor-recipient relationship,overseas LT center,graft type,post-LT medications,and LT complications,were *** measured included the overall and 5-year LT survival ***’s exact,Pearsonχ2,and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the pediatric and the adults’group in terms of clinical characteristics,donor-recipient relationship,medication,complications,and *** analysis was estimated via the Kaplan-Meier’s *** and multivariate analyses were used to detect predictors of *** Of the 208 eligible patients,170(81.7%)were sent overseas to undergo LT while 38(18.3%)remained on the waiting *** the 170 patients,167(80.3%)underwent LT and were included in the *** majority of the patients were Bahraini(91.0%),and most were males(57.5%).One-hundred-and-twenty(71.8%)were adults and 47(28.3%)were *** median age at transplant was 50.0[interquartile range(IQR):14.9–58.4]*** main indication for pediatric LT was biliary atresia(31.9%),while that of adult LT was

关键词： Overseas liver transplantation End-stage liver disease Liver transplant facilities Liver donor Biliary atresia Hepatitis C

Fever assessment in children under five: Are we following the guidelines?

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 62-72页

作者： Hasan M isa Ahmed J isa Murtadha A Alnasheet Mahmood M Mansoor Department of Pediatrics Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatrics Arabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of General Surgery Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain

BACKGROUND Fever is a common cause of medical consultation and hospital admission,particularly among ***,the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE)updated its guidelines for assessing fever in children under five years of *** efficient assessment and management of children with fever are crucial for improving patient *** To evaluate fever assessment in hospitalized children and to assess its adherence with the NICE Fever in under 5s *** We conducted a retrospective cohort review of the electronic medical records of children under five years of age at the Department of Pediatrics,Salmaniya Medical Complex,Bahrain,between June and July *** data,vital signs during the first 48 h of admission,route of temperature measurement,and indications for admission were *** was defined according to the NICE *** children were divided into five groups according to their age(0-3 months,>3-6 months,>6-12 months,>12-36 months,and>36-60 months).Patients with and without fever were compared in terms of demography,indication for admission,route of temperature measurement,and other vital *** with the NICE Fever in the under 5s guideline was *** compliance was defined as>95%,partial compliance as 70%-95%,and minimal compliance as≤69%.Pearson’sχ^(2),Student’s t test,the Mann-Whitney U test,and Spearman’s correlation coefficient(rs)were used for *** Of the 136 patients reviewed,80(58.8%)were *** median age at admission was 14.2[interquartile range(IQR):1.7-44.4]months,with the most common age group being 36-60 ***-six(26.4%)patients had fever,and 100(73.6%)were *** commonest age group for febrile patients(>12-36 months)was older than the commonest age group for afebrile patients(0-3 months)(P=0.027).The median weight was 8.3(IQR:4.0-13.3)*** with fever had higher weight than those without fever[10.2(IQR:7.3-13.0)vs 7

关键词： Fever Pediatrics Admission patterns Temperature measurement Guidelines Bahrain

Evaluation of Some Treatment Options Inlate and Neglected Hip Fractures Using the Modified Harris Hip Score

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期14卷 259-269页

作者： Shaphat Shuaibu Ibrahim Abubakar Musa Olaoluwa Moses Shodipo Emuan Timothy Zailani Buhari Stephen Yusuf Mienda isa Department of Orthopaedics Abubakar Tafawa-Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) Bauchi Nigeria Orthopaedic Unit Department of Surgery FMC Bida Nigeria

Background: The choice of the appropriate operative intervention in patients with late and neglected hip fracture continuous to be a huge dilemma for orthopedic surgeons. Purpose: To evaluate the satisfaction or otherwise of some treatment options using the modified Harris-hip score (HHS) in resource poor setting. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at ATBUTH, Bauchi. Data of 60 patients over the age of 18 years with hip fractures (femoral neck, intertrochanteric and sub trochanteric fractures) who had operative intervention between 1st September 2019 and 31st August 2020 with cannulated screws, Proximal femur lock compression plate (PFLCP), cementlessor cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA). results: The mean age of studied patients was 65.7 ± 16.1 years, with age ranging from 19 - 101 years. M:F ratio was 1.2:1 across all age groups and 1:1.4 amongst those >60 years. 51 patients (85%) presented > 1 week after injury with 24 patients (40%) sustaining hip fractures from low energy trivial indoor fall and 28 patients (46.7%) mostly younger sustaining fractures from high energy motor vehicular accident (MVA). The prevalence rate for femoral neck, intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures were 32 (53.3%), 17 (28.3%) and 11 (18.3%) respectively. From the data retrieved, 21patients (35.0%), 17 patients (28.3%), 20 patients (33.3%) and 2 patients (3.3%) had PFLCP, cemented BHA, cementless BHA and cannulated screw fixation respectively. Most (66.7%) of those who had PFLCP achieved satisfactory radiologic union and there was also 94.1% and 85% satisfactory outcome rate amongst the patients with cemented BHA and cementless BHA respectively. Irrespective of the operative intervention method at 1 year follow-up, there was a statistically significant improvement in post-operative HHS (P value 0.02), with 83.4% having good to excellent results. Conclusion: There is highrate of late and neglected hip fracture in our environment. Satisfac

关键词： Hip Fracture Late and Neglected BHA PFLCP Cannulatedscrew Outcome Measures HHS

Assessment of the Indirect Cost of Drug resistant Tuberculosis Treatment to Patients in a High Burden, Low Income Setting in Mozambique

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Journal of Tuberculosis research 2024年第2期12卷 91-104页

作者： Júlia Malache António Domingas Pacala isa.elle Munyangaju isaías Benzana Claudia Mutaquiha Dulce Osório Benedita José Edy Nacarapa Pereira Zindoga Faculdade de Cincias de Sade Universidade Catlica de Moambique Beira Moambique Programa Nacional de Controlo da Tuberculose Ministrio da Sade de Moambique Maputo Moambique ISGlobal Hospital Clnic Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Tinpswalo Association Vincentian Association to Fight AIDS and TB Chokwe Mozambique Centro de Estudos e Apoio Psicolgico (CEAP) Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Moambique

Introduction: Tuberculosis is closely linked to poverty, with patients facing significant indirect treatment costs. Treating drug-resistant tuberculosis further increases these expenses. Notably, there is a lack of published data on the indirect costs incurred by patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Mozambique. Objective: To assess the indirect costs, income reduction, and work productivity incurred by patients undergoing diagnosis and treatment for Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB) in Mozambique during their TB treatment. Methods: As part of a comprehensive mixed-methods study conducted from January 2021 to April 2023, this research utilized a descriptive cross-sectional approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. The primary goal was to evaluate the costs incurred by the national health system due to drug-resistant TB. Additionally, to explore the indirect costs experienced by patients and their families during treatment, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 individuals who had been undergoing treatment for over six months. results: All survey participants unanimously reported a significant decline in labour productivity, with 70.3% experiencing a reduction in their monthly income. Before falling ill, the majority of respondents (33.3%) earned up to $76.92 monthly, representing the minimum earnings range, while 29.2% had a monthly income above $230.77, the maximum earnings range. Among those who experienced income loss, the majority (22.2%) reported a decrease of up to $76.92 per month, and 18.5% cited a loss exceeding $230.77 per month. Notably, patients with Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB) have not incurred the direct costs of the disease, as these are covered by the government. Conclusion: The financial burden of treating Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB), along with the income reduction it causes, is substantial. Implementing a patient-centred, multidisciplinary, and multisector approach, coupled with strong psy

关键词： Economic Costs Drug resistance Tuberculosis Catastrophic Costs

An Analysis of the Accounting Costs Associated with 20-Month DR TB regimens in Maputo City, Mozambique

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Journal of Tuberculosis research 2024年第2期12卷 73-90页

作者： Júlia Malache António isaías Benzana isa.elle Munyangaju Benedita José Dulce Osório Edy Nacarapa Claudia Mutaquiha Simeão Nhabinde Pereira Zindoga Universidade Catlica de Moambique Beira Moambique Centro de Estudos e Apoio Psicolgico (CEAP) Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Moambique ISGlobal Hospital Clnic Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Tinpswalo Association Vincentian Association to Fight AIDS and TB Chokwe Mozambique Programa Nacional de Controlo da Tuberculose Ministrio da Sade de Moambique Maputo Mozambique Faculdade de Economia Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Moambique

Introduction: Socioeconomic and demographic conditions in a country can influence tuberculosis incidence and mortality, with nearly 95% of tuberculosis-related deaths occurring in poorer countries. Mozambique is among the 30 countries with the highest TB burden. Objective: The study aimed to estimate the average direct medical cost of treating drug-resistant tuberculosis in 19 health centers in Maputo City, Mozambique. Methods: A retrospective analysis of direct medical costs was conducted on patients aged 18 and older who completed 20-month drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimens in Maputo City in 2019. results: This analysis covered 140 patients who completed a 20-month treatment regimen, with 64.3% (78) being male and 35.7% (62) female. Approximately 50% of the participants were aged between 29 and 47. The average direct medical cost of DRTB treatment was $4789.43, reaching up to $6568.00, with a standard deviation of $753.26, including clinical interventions and treatment. Conclusion: The direct medical costs for a basic treatment package for a patient with drug-resistant TB in Mozambique equal 36 minimum wages. Developing alternative and innovative funding mechanisms and identifying ways to mitigate costs through the use of generic medicines would be beneficial.

关键词： Antitubercular Agents Multidrug-resistant Healthcare Costs Tuberculosis Mozambique

Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 135-145页

作者： Sandra Gabriela Sánchez-González Bárbara Gabriela Cárdenas-del-Castillo Elvira Garza-González Gerardo R Padilla-Rivas isaías Rodríguez-Balderrama Consuelo Treviño-Garza Fernando Félix Montes-Tapia Gerardo C Palacios-Saucedo Anthony Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Manuel Enrique de-la-O-Cavazos Department of Pediatrics Hospital Universitario“Dr.JoséEleuterio González”Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Pediatric Surgery Hospital Universitario"Dr.JoséEleuterio González"Monterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico

BACKGROUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several *** milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial microorganisms,such as Lactobacilli and *** To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or *** An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the University Hospital ***éEleuterio González at Monterrey,Mexico.A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding(BM)and mixed feeding(MF)groups(21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group),from October 2017 to June *** samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding *** full enteral feeding was achieved,the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene *** variables were compared using Student’s t-test or using the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric ***,evenness,equitability,Margalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,Chao-1 index,and Shannon’s diversity index were also *** No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the *** comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group(Pre detected in the final than in the initial sample(P=0.040).According to the Margalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and Chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(Predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria,with Proteobacteria being the most ***,no significant differences were

关键词： Gut microbiota Human milk Preterm infant Proteobacteria Very low birth weight 16S rRNA

Potential of organic waste to energy and bio-fertilizer production in Sub-Saharan Africa:a review

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 259-267页

作者： isaac Rubagumya Allan John Komakech isa Kabenge Nicholas Kiggundu Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda

Many growing cities of Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)are marred by the inefficient collection,management,disposal and reuse of organic *** purpose of this study was to review and compare the energy recovery potential as well as bio-fertilizer perspective,from the organic waste volumes generated in SSA *** on computations made with a literature review,we find that the amount of organic wastes varies across countries translating to differences in the energy and bio-fertilizer production potentials across *** wastes generated in SSA can potentially generate about 133 million GWh of energy per *** organic waste to bio-fertilizer production potentials range from 11.08 million tons to 306.26 million tons *** has the highest energy and bio-fertilizer potential among the SSA countries with a total per capita of 630 MWh/year and 306.26 million tons,*** challenges and technical considerations for energy and bio-fertilizer approaches in the management of organic waste in SSA have also been *** study is of help to the readers and strategic decision makers in understanding the contribution of bioenergy and bio-fertilizer to achieving sustainable development goals,namely,7(Affordable and Clean Energy)and 13(Climate Action)in SSA.

关键词： Sub-Saharan Africa Organic waste Energy production Bio-fertilizer production Challenges