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Digital Soil Mapping Using Artificial Neural Networks and Terrain-Related Attributes

Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 580-591页

作者： Mohsen BAGHERI BODAGHABADI José Antonio MARTINEZ-CASASNOVAS Mohammad Hasan SALEHI Jahangard MOHAMMADI isa esfandiarpoor borujeni Norair TOOMANIAN Amir GANDOMKAR Department of Geography Najafabad Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Environmental and Soil Science University of Lleida Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture Shahrekord University Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture Vali-e-Asr University Agriculture and Natural Resource Research Center

Detailed soil surveys involve costly and time-consuming work and require expert knowledge. Since soil surveys provide information to meet a wide range of needs, new methods are necessary to map soils quickly and accurately. In this study, multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks(ANNs) were developed to map soil units using digital elevation model(DEM) attributes. Several optimal ANNs were produced based on a number of input data and hidden units. The approach used test and validation areas to calculate the accuracy of interpolated and extrapolated data. The results showed that the system and level of soil classification employed had a direct effect on the accuracy of the results. At the lowest level, smaller errors were observed with the World Reference Base(WRB)classification criteria than the Soil Taxonomy(ST) system, but more soil classes could be predicted when using ST(7 soils in the case of ST vs. 5 with WRB). Training errors were below 11% for all the ANN models applied, while the test error(interpolation error) and validation error(extrapolation error) were as high as 50% and 70%, respectively. As expected, soil prediction using a higher level of classification presented a better overall level of accuracy. To obtain better predictions, in addition to DEM attributes, data related to landforms and/or lithology as soil-forming factors, should be used as ANN input data.

关键词： digital elevation model attributes multilayer perceptron soil classification soil-forming factors soil survey

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Description of Soil Evolution in Southern Mashhad City Using Jenny＇s and Johnson and Watson-Stegner＇s Conceptual Models

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Pedosphere 2018年第4期28卷 656-665页

作者： Alireza KARIMI isa ESFANDIARPOUR borujeni GHASEMZADEH GANJEHIE Soil Science Department Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad 91779-48974(Iran) Soil Science Department Faculty of Agriculture Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan 77188-97111 (Iran) Soil and Water Department Khorassan Rzavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization (AREEO) Mashhad 91659-66416 (Iran)

Conceptual models are suitable for describing internal relationships of complex systems, including soil. We used conceptual models, the Jenny＇s and Johnson and Watson-Stegner＇s models to understand the formation and evolution of soil. We studied 20 pedons in granitic hilly lands, loessial piedmont, and piedmont plain in southern Mashhad, northeast Iran. These soils were characterized by high levels of gypsum, especially in the granitic saprolites, which suggested the importance of the wind in shaping the soil structure. Jenny＇s model is a developmental and equilibrium model, which only describes the state of the soil formation factors and considers that each bioclimatie zone has a specific climax soil. It focuses on the genesis of the surface soil and is not suitable for buried soils and paleosols. Johnson and Watson-Stegner＇s model describes soil as a product of progressive and regressive processes due to horizonation or haploidization. Progressive processes during the last interglacial cycle created a well-developed paleosol with an argillic horizon in all landforms, except the piedmont plain. Developmental soil up-building by aeolian addition led to gypsum enrichment of the granitic saprolite. Erosion decreased soil thickness and exposed the argillic horizon. The Last Glacial Maximum led to greater deposition of loess, covering the paleosol. Humidity was higher during the early Holocene than today, leading to the development of a Bk horizon. This horizon was preserved in the stable surfaces of granitic hilly land and in the loessial piedmont, but buried on the piedmont plain via the deposition of alluvial sediments. Jenny＇s model could be used for current soil formation factors, whereas Johnson and Watson-Stegner＇s model required morphological characteristics of pedons for interpretation.

关键词： landscape evolution loess progressive pedogenesis regressive pedogenesis soil formation model

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A Modified Precondition in the Gauss-Seidel Method

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Advances in Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory 2012年第3期2卷 31-37页

作者： Alimohammad Nazari Sajjad Zia borujeni Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Arak University Arak Iran

In recent years, a number of preconditioners have been applied to solve the linear systems with Gauss-Seidel method (see [1-7,10-12,14-16]). In this paper we use Sl instead of (S + Sm) and compare with M. Morimoto’s precondition [3] and H. Niki’s precondition [5] to obtain better convergence rate. A numerical example is given which shows the preference of our method.

关键词： Preconditioning Gauss-Seidel Method Regular Splitting Z-Matrix Nonnegative Matrix

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Refining Soil Organic Matter Determination by Loss-on-Ignition

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Pedosphere 2011年第4期21卷 473-482页

作者： M.H.SALEHI O.HASHEMI BENI H.BEIGI HARCHEGANI I.ESFANDIARPOUR borujeni H.R.MOTAGHIAN Department of Soil Science College of AgricultureShahrekord University Department of Soil Science College of AgricultureVali-e-Asr University

Wet oxidation procedure,i.e.,Walkley-Black (WB) method,is a routine,relatively accurate,and popular method for the determination of soil organic matter (SOM) but it is time-consuming,costly and also has a high potential to cause environmental pollution because of disposal of chromium and strong acids used in this ***,loss-on-ignition (LOI) procedure,a simple and cheap method for SOM estimation,which also avoids chromic acid wastes,deserves more *** aims of this research were to study the statistical relationships between SOM determined with the LOI (SOMLOI) and WB (SOMWB) methods to compare the spatial variability of SOM in two major plains,Shahrekord and Koohrang plains,of Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari Province,*** surface soil samples (0-25 cm) were randomly collected in each plain to determine SOM using the WB method and the LOI procedure at 300,360,400,500 and 550 ℃ for 2 *** samples covered wide ranges of soil texture and calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE).The general linear form of the regression equation was calculated to estimate SOM LOI from SOM obtained by the WB method for both overall samples and individual *** soil samples were also randomly selected to compare the SOM and CCE before and after ignition at each *** accuracy of the continuous maps generated for the LOI and WB methods was considered to determine the accordance of two *** showed a significant positive linear relationship between SOM LOI and SOM *** of determination (R2) of the equations for individual plains were higher than that of the overall *** of determination and line slopes decreased and root mean square error (RMSE) increased with increasing ignition temperature,which may be due to the mineral structural water loss and destruction of carbonates at higher temperatures.A temperature around 360 ℃ was identified as optimum as it burnt most organic carbon,destroyed less inorganic carbon,cau

关键词： calcium carbonate equivalent ignition temperature kriged maps spatial variability wet oxidation

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Modified Logistic Maps for Cryptographic Application

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Applied Mathematics 2015年第5期6卷 773-782页

作者： Shahram Etemadi borujeni Mohammad Saeed Ehsani Faculty of Computer Engineering University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran

In this paper, definition and properties of logistic map along with orbit and bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent, and its histogram are considered. In order to expand chaotic region of Logistic map and make it suitable for cryptography, two modified versions of Logistic map are proposed. In the First Modification of Logistic map (FML), vertical symmetry and transformation to the right are used. In the Second Modification of Logistic (SML) map, vertical and horizontal symmetry and transformation to the right are used. Sensitivity of FML to initial condition is less and sensitivity of SML map to initial condition is more than the others. The total chaotic range of SML is more than others. Histograms of Logistic map and SML map are identical. Chaotic range of SML map is fivefold of chaotic range of Logistic map. This property gave more key space for cryptographic purposes.

关键词： Chaotic Map Modified Logistic Map FML Map SML Map

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Application of Different <i>H</i>(<i>x</i>) in Homotopy Analysis Methods for Solving Systems of Linear Equations

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Advances in Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory 2015年第3期5卷 129-137页

作者： Mohammad Hasan Khani Jalil Rashidinia Sajjad Zia borujeni Department of Mathematics Islamic Azad University Shahin Shahr Branch Isfahan Iran Department of Mathematics Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch Tehran Iran

In this paper, we present homotopy analysis method (HAM) for solving system of linear equations and use of different H(x) in this method. The numerical results indicate that this method performs better than the homoto... 详细信息

关键词： HAM HPM Linear System

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环氧乙烷化合物加SiO2-AlCl3催化生成相应硫杂丙环

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中国医药工业杂志 2006年第9期37卷 626-626页

作者： borujeni PK 李建华（摘）

环氧乙烷化合物在乙腈中，加催化量SiO2-AlCl3和硫脲45℃反应1～2h，生成相应的硫杂丙环。8例收率85％～95％。

关键词：环氧乙烷化合物硫脲催化乙腈反应收率

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