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Horticulture Research 2014年第1期1卷 221-226页

作者： Claire H luby Hiroshi A Maeda irwin l goldman Department of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Botany University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

Carrot roots(Daucus carota ***)produce tocochromanol compounds,collectively known as vitamin ***,little is known about their types and *** we determined the range and variation in types and amounts of tocochromanols in a variety of cultivated carrot accessions throughout carrot postharvest storage and reproductive stages and in wild-type roots(Daucus carota ***).Of eight possible tocochromanol compounds,we detected and quantified α-,and the combined peak for β-and γ-forms of tocopherols and *** variation in amounts of tocochromanol compounds was observed across accessions and over *** increases in a-tocopherol were noted during both reproductive growth and the postharvest *** variation of tocochromanols in carrot root tissue provides useful information for future research seeking to understand the role of these compounds in carrot root tissue or to breed varieties with increased levels of these compounds.

关键词： sativa cultivated vitamin

Diversification of Sisorid catfishes(Teleostei: Siluriformes)in relation to the orogeny of the Himalayan Plateau

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Science Bulletin 2016年第13期61卷 991-1002页

作者： Chuanjiang Zhou Xuzhen Wang Xiaoni Gan Yaping Zhang David M.irwin Richard l.Mayden Shunping He Key laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Southwest University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science Southwest University State Key laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Fisheries Henan Normal University Department of laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Banting and Best Diabetes Centre University of Toronto Department of Biology 3507 Laclede Ave. Saint Louis University

Abstract Sisorid catfishes are primarily limited in distribution to rivers of the Himalayan region and Tibetan Plateau. These species have external morphologies that are adapted for extremely fast-flowing riverine systems. Given the diversity of the group and the above qualities of these catfishes, this lineage serves as an ideal group for inferring the geological history of this region based on their phylogenetic relationships reflecting evolu- tionary history. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome and four nuclear genes of representative sisorids distributed across river systems in China. Phylogenetic analyses strongly support the monophyly of the Sisoridae and the glyptosternoids. An analysis of the reconstructed ancestral states derived from inferred genealogical relationships suggests that the evolution of this lineage was accompanied by convergent evolution in morphological traits that were presumably in response to environmental pressure involving the rapid flowing river system that were generated during the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau （UTP）. Molecular dating indicates that the Chinese sisorids and the glyptosternoids originated at the later Miocene （~ 10.9-9.8 Mya）, and with further biogeographic analyses indicates that the species of Sisoridae likely originated from a widely distributed ancestor. Moreover, the divergence of the Sisoridae in China can be divided into two phases consis- tent with the UTP. All of these results indicate that the diversification and dispersal events in this lineage occurred as a result of drainage systems formed during and after the UTP in the late Miocene and Quaternary periods.

关键词： Phylogeny. Diversification and dispersal.Biogeography - Divergence time estimation ~ TibetanPlateau ~ Sisoridae ~ Catfish

Ambient Temperature is A Strong Selective Factor Influencing Human Development and Immunity

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2020年第5期18卷 489-500页

作者： lindan Ji Dongdong Wu Haibing Xie Binbin Yao Yanming Chen David M.irwin Dan Huang Jin Xu Nelson l.S.Tang Yaping Zhang State Key laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic AnimalsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Department of Biochemistry Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Department of Preventive Medicine Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Department of laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 1A8Canada Banting and Best Diabetes Centre University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 1A8Canada Department of Chemical Pathology and Laboratory for Genetics of Disease SusceptibilityLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina KIZ/CUHK Joint laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases Kunming 650223China laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

Solar energy,which is essential for the origin and evolution of all life forms on Earth,can be objectively recorded through attributes such as climatic ambient temperature(CAT),ultraviolet radiation(UVR),and sunlight duration(SD).These attributes have specific geographical variations and may cause different adaptation ***,the adaptation profile of each attribute and the selective role of solar energy as a whole during human evolution remain ***,we performed a genome-wide adaptation study with respect to CAT,UVR,and SD using the Human Genome Diversity Project-Centre Etude Polymorphism Humain(HGDP-CEPH)panel *** singled out CAT as the most important driving force with the highest number of adaptive loci(6 SNPs at the genome-wide 1×10^(-7)level;401 at the suggestive 1×10^(-5)level).Five of the six genomewide significant adaptation SNPs were successfully replicated in an independent Chinese population(N=1395).The corresponding 316 CAT adaptation genes were mostly involved in development and *** addition,265(84%)genes were related to at least one genome-wide association study(GWAS)-mapped human trait,being significantly enriched in anthropometric loci such as those associated with body mass index(χ^(2);Plic syndrome,and cancer(χ^(2);Plancing selection was evident in Euro-Asians,whereas obvious positive and/or purifying selection was observed in *** together,our study indicates that CAT is the most important attribute of solar energy that has driven genetic adaptation in development and immunity among global human *** also supports the non-neutral hypothesis for the origin of disease-predisposition alleles in common diseases.

关键词： Solar radiation Ambient temperature Natural selection Development Immunity

Endoscopic management of inflammatory bowel disease strictures

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2012年第11期4卷 500-505页

作者： Raluca Vrabie Gerald l irwin David Friedel Winthrop University Hospital 259 First Street Mineola NY 11501 United States

Stricture formation is a common complication of Crohn’s disease, occurring in approximately one third of all patients with this condition. While the traditional management of such strictures has been largely surgical, there have been case series going back three decades high-lighting the potential role of endoscopic balloon dilation in this clinical setting. This review article summarizes the stricture pathogenesis, focusing on known clinical and genetic risk factors. It then highlights the endo-scopic balloon dilation research to date, with particular emphasis on three large recent case series. It concludes by describing the literature consensus regarding specific methodology and presenting avenues for future investigations.

关键词： Stricture Endoscopic dilation Crohn’s disease

Three Protocols Designed to Individualize and Maximize Anti-Cancer Drug Therapy

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2015年第12期6卷 1103-1113页

作者： Arthur J. Weiss irwin l. Stoloff Division of Medical Oncology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia Pa USA

The role that attaining maximum drug dosage intensity plays in many anti-cancer protocols is a major one, particularly in those protocols that attempt to totally eradicate the neoplasm. A classic approach to facilitate this process utilizes stem cell transplants as well as the use of hematopoetic growth factors. However, problems arise with both allogenic and autologous transplants as well as from the significant variability in drug tolerance between individual patients. With average fixed dose protocols, these problems substantially limit the ability to optimize drug dosage. We attempted to circumvent this difficulty by using low dose continuous infusional therapy of variable duration depending upon the patient’s response, together with simultaneous hematopoietic growth factor support. This paper presents our results with three drugs, doxorubicin, ifosphamide, and vinorelbine. With these protocols, we were able to individualize and optimize the amount of drug delivered to each patient, as well as to substantially increase the drug dosage intensity of each of these agents.

关键词： Dosage Intensification Doxorubicin Ifosphamide Vinorelbine Schedule Modification

Deconvolution of the Error Associated with Random Sampling

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2019年第3期9卷 205-227页

作者： Peter l. irwin Yiping He Chin-Yi Chen Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens United States Department of Agriculture Wyndmoor PA USA

In this work empirical models describing sampling error (Δ) are reported based upon analytical findings elicited from 3 common probability density functions (PDF): the Gaussian, representing any real-valued, randomly changing variable x of mean μ?and standard deviation σthe Poisson, representing counting data: i.e., any integral-valued entity’s count of x (cells, clumps of cells or colony forming units, molecules, mutations, etc.) per tested volume, area, length of time, etc. with population mean of μ?and;binomial data representing the number of successful occurrences of something (x+) out of n observations or sub-samplings. These data were generated in such a way as to simulate what should be observed in practice but avoid other forms of experimental error. Based upon analyses of 104 Δ?measurements, we show that the average Δ?() is proportional to ?(σx•μ-1;Gaussian) or ?(Poisson & binomial). The average proportionality constants associated with these disparate populations were also nearly identical (;±s). However, since ?for any Poisson process, . In a similar vein, we have empirically demonstrated that binomial-associated ?were also proportional to σx•μ-1. Furthermore, we established that, when all ?were plotted against either ?or σx•μ-1, there was only one relationship with a slope = A (0.767 ± 0.0990) and a near-zero intercept. This latter finding also argues that all , regardless of parent PDF, are proportional to σx•μ-1?which is the coefficient of variation for a population of sample means (). lastly, we establish that the proportionality constant A is equivalent to the coefficient of variation associated with Δ?() measurement and, therefore, . These results are noteworthy inasmuch as they provide a straightforward empirical link between stochastic sampling error and the aforementioned Cvs. Finally, we demonstrate that all attendant empirical measures of Δ?a

关键词： Stochastic Sampling Error Modeling Most Probable Composition Quantitative Metagenomics Food-Borne Bacteria

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Campylobacter jejuni

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Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Zinc Oxide...

Mechanisms of action of leptin in preventing gastric ulcer

中国食品科学技术学会第八届年会暨第六届东西方食品业高层论坛

作者： Peter l.irwin Tony Jin School of Agriculture & Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University

The antibacterial effect of zinc oxide(ZnO )nanoparticles on Campylobacter jejuni was investigated for inhibition and inactivation of cell *** results showed that *** was extremely sensitive to treatment with ZnO *** MIC of ZnO nanoparticles for *** was determined to be 0.05 to 0.025 mg/ml,which is 8- to 16-fold lower than that for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli O157:H7(0.4 mg/ml).The action of ZnO nanoparticles against *** was determined to be bactericidal,not *** electron microscopy examination revealed that the majority of the cells transformed from spiral shapes into coccoid forms after exposure to 0.5 mg/ml of ZnO nanoparticles for 16 h,which is consistent with the morphological changes of *** under other stress conditions. These coccoid cells were found by ethidium monoazide-quantitative PCR(EMA-qPCR)to have a certain level of membrane *** address the molecular basis of ZnO nanoparticle action,a large set of genes involved in cell stress response,motility,pathogenesis,and toxin production were selected for a gene expression *** transcription-quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)showed that in response to treatment with ZnO nanoparticles,the expression levels of two oxidative stress genes(katA and ahpC)and a general stress response gene(dnaK)were increased 52-,7-,and 17-fold,*** results suggest that the antibacterial mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles is most likely due to disruption of the cell membrane and oxidative stress in Campylobacter.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles Campylobacter jejuni antibacterial mechanism oxidative stress gene expression

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第27期11卷 4154-4160页

作者： Edward O.Adeyemi Salim A.Bastaki irwin S.Chandranath Mohammed Y.Hasan Mohammed Fahim Abdu Adem Department of Internal Medicine Department of Pharmacology Department of Physiology

To investigate the effects of leptin （1-20μg/kg） on acidified ethanol （AE）- and indomethacin （Indo）-induced gastric lesions in rats and compare it with ranitidine, lansoprazole, and omeprazole and to determine its mechanisms of ***： Gastric ulcers, which were approximately 1 mm in width, formed in the glandular portion of the gastric mucosa produced by oral administration of either AE or Indo were taken as ulcer index. The inhibitory effect of subcutaneous administration of leptin, two proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） lansoprazole and omeprazole, or H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine 30 min before AE or Indo was evaluated.A radioimmunoassay was used to determine the PGE2 concentration in the homogenate of the glandular portion of the stomach. We performed histological study of the glandular stomach for the evaluation of total, acidic, and sulfated mucus ***： Subcutaneous administration of leptin, two PPI slansoprazole and omeprazole or H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine 30 min before AE or Indo produced a dosedependent and reproducible inhibition of gastric ulcers （GUs）. This inhibition was found to be more potent than other antagonists used. In N^G-nitro l-arginine methyl ester （l-NAME）-pretreated animals, the ulcer prevention ability of leptin in AE-induced ulcer was significantly reduced,compared to rats without l-NAME pretreatment. However,the ulcer prevention ability of leptin was not altered by l-NAME treatment in Indo-induced ulcers. leptin produced a dose-dependent increase in PGE2 level in the gastric glandular tissues. leptin also increased mucus ***： The results of the present study show that leptin inhibits GU formation by AE or Indo in a dosedependent and reproducible manner in rats. The results also suggest that leptin prevents ulcer formation by increasing the activities of the cyclo-oxygenase and/or nitric oxide pathways and by increasing mucus secretion.

关键词： Indomethacin Acidified ethanol Gastric ulcer Prostaglandin Ranitidine Omeprazole lansoprazole l^-nitro l-arginine methyl ester Wistar rats

The Effect of Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor upon the Induction of Peripheral Blood Dendritic and Natural Killer Cells When Given Simultaneously with a Slow Continuous Doxorubicin Infusion

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2017年第7期8卷 637-644页

作者： Arthur J.Weiss irwin l.Stoloff Antonio C.Simoes Division of Medical Oncology Thomas Jefferson School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUSA Division of Surgery North Penn HospitalLandsdaleUSA

It has been demonstrated that it is safe to give Gm-Csf, together with Doxorubicin, by continuous intravenous infusion, thereby substantially increasing the amount of Doxorubicin administered to the average patient, and assuring that each patient receives an individually-determined safe and maximal amount of drug. It is known that Gm-Csf is a potent inducer of components that are major factors in an immunologic attack upon neoplasms. For that reason, we thought it would be worth evaluating in 4 patients’ surface markers of dendritic precursor cells, dendritic cells [DC], and natural killer [NK] cells during the infusion. While there was substantial variation in individual responses, all 4 patients receiving Gm-Csf developed persistent marked increases in cells with each of these markers. The significance of these findings will be discussed.

关键词： Doxorubicin Infusion Dendritic Killer Cells

The Relation between the Initial Type of Schedule Used to Administer Doxorubicin and long-Term Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2014年第12期5卷 1145-1152页

作者： Arthur J. Weiss irwin l. Stoloff Antonio C. Simoes Richard D. lackman Division of Medical Oncology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA North Penn Hospital Landsdale PA USA Division of Orthopedic Oncology Cooper University Hospital Camden NJ USA

Background: As more patients survive cancer chemotherapy, problems associated with the late complications of therapy have become increasingly apparent;late doxorubicin cardio-myopathy being one of the most pressing. The relationship between initial dose, schedule employed, and etiology are still not well defined. This study attempts to clarify some of these issues. Methods: Patients receiving large total doses of doxorubicin by schedules designed to minimize peak drug levels were monitored in regard to their cardiac status for up to 31 years following completion of doxorubicin therapy. A computer program predicting the amount of doxorubicin retained by the heart vs. schedules employed was devised with the predictions of the computer program being compared to the clinical findings. Results: 1365 patients receiving doses of doxorubicin greater than 610 mgm./M2 were monitored for up to 31 years following completion of such therapy. No patient developed unequivocal clinical and pathologic evidence of a doxorubicin related cardiomyopathy. Knowing that human cardio-myocytes contain enzymes capable of neutralizing doxorubicin, a computer program predicted that by increasing their efficiency, the schedules employed substantially l decreased the relative amount of drug retained by the heart, findings compatible with both animal experiments and clinical results. Conclusions: administration of doxorubicin by schedules in which peak plasma levels of drug were minimized resulted in marked decreases in both acute and long-term cardiac toxicity;believed to be due to potentiation of myocardial enzymes capable of inactivating the drug.

关键词： late Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity Initial Type of Doxorubicin Schedule