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The influence of chlorinated aromatics＇ structure on their adsorption characteristics on activated carbon to tackle chemical spills in drinking water source

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 138-146页

作者： Pengfei LIN Yuan ZHANG Xiaojian ZHANG Chao CHEN Yuefeng XIE irwin H SUFFET School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Environmental Programs Pennsylvania State University Middletown PA 17057 USA Department of Environment Health Sciences University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

This study focused on evaluating the efficiency of powdered activated carbon （PAC） adsorption process and tackling chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols spill in drinking water source. The adsorption kinetics and PAC＇s capacities for five chlorobenzenes and three chlorophenols at drinking water contamination levels were studied in order to determine the influence of different functional groups on the adsorption behavior. The results showed that PAC adsorption could be used as an effective emergency drinking water treatment process to remove these compounds. The adsorption kinetics took 30 min to achieve nearly equilibrium and could be described by both pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models. A mathematic relationship was developed between the pseudo first-order adsorption rate constant, k1, and the solutes＇ properties including lgKow, polarizability and molecular weight. The Freundlich isotherm equation could well describe the adsorption equilibrium behaviors of chlorinated aromatics with r2 from 0.920 to 0.999. The H-bond donor/acceptor group, hydrophobicity, solubility and molecular volume were identified as important solute properties that affect the PAC adsorption capacity. These results could assist water professionals in removing chlorinated aromatics during emergency drinking water treatment.

关键词： chlorinated aromatics adsorption powdered activated carbon kinetics equilibrium

Effect of turf on the cutting movement of female football players

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2014年第4期3卷 314-319页

作者： Gerda Strutzenberger Hue-Man Cao Janina Koussev Wolfgang Potthast Gareth irwin School of Sport Cardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiff CF236XD.UK Department of Sport and Sport Science and Kinesiology University of SalzburgHallein-Rif 5400Austria Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics German Sport University CologneCologne 50933Germany

Purpose： The globalisation of artificial turf and the increase in player participation has driven the need to examine injury risk in the sport of football. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface--player interaction in female football players between natural and artificial turf. Methods： Eight university level female football players performed an unanticipated cutting manoeuvre at an angle of 30° and 60°, on a regulation natural grass pitch （NT） and a 3G artificial turf pitch （AT）. An automated active maker system （CodaSport CXS System, 200 Hz） quantified 3D joint angles at the ankle and knee during the early deceleration phase of the cutting, defined from foot strike to weight acceptance at 20% of the stance phase. Differences were statistically examined using a two-way （cutting angle, surface） ANOVA, with an α level of p 〈 0.05 and Cohen＇s d effect size reported. Results： A trend was observed on the AT, with a reduction in knee valgus and internal rotation, suggesting a reduced risk of knee injury. This findings highlight that AT is no worse than NT and may have the potential to reduce the risk of knee injury. The ankle joint during foot strike showed large effects for an increase dorsiflexion and inversion on AT. A large effect for an increase during weight acceptance was observed for ankle inversion and external rotation on AT. Conclusion： These findings provide some support for the use of AT in female football, with no evidence to suggests that there is an increased risk of injury when performing on an artificial turf. The ankle response was less clear and further research is warranted. This initial study provides a platform for more detailed analysis, and highlights the importance of exploring the biomechanical changes in performance and injury risk with the introduction of AT.

关键词： Artificial turf Football-specific movement Gender Injury risk Kinematics

The effects of artificial surface temperature on mechanical properties and player kinematics during landing and acceleration

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第3期5卷 355-360页

作者： Laura Charalambous Hans Christian von Lieres und Wilkau Wolfgang Potthast Gareth irwin Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity University of Bedfordshire Cardiff School of Sport Cardiff Metropolitan University Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics German Sport University Cologne

Background: Artificial turf is considered a feasible global alternative to natural turf by many sports governing bodies. Consequently, its ability to provide a safe and consistent playing surface regardless of climate becomes essential. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of artificial surface temperature on:(1) mechanical properties of the turf and(2) the kinematics of a turf-sport related ***: Two identical artificial turf pitches were tested: one with a cold surface temperature(1.8°C–2.4°C) and one with a warm surface temperature(14.5°C–15.2°C). Mechanical testing was performed to measure the surface properties. Four amateur soccer players performed a hurdle jump to sprint acceleration movement, with data(contact time, step length and hip, knee and ankle kinematics) collected using CODASport(200 Hz).Results: The temperature difference had a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the artificial turf, including force absorption,energy restitution, rotational resistance, and the height where the head injury criterion was met. Both step length(p = 0.008) and contact time(p = 0.002) of the initial step after the landing were significantly longer on the warm surface. In addition, significant range of motion and joint angular velocity differences were ***: These findings highlight different demands placed on players due to the surface temperature and suggest a need for coaches,practitioners, and sports governing bodies to be aware of these differences.

关键词： Artificial turf Biomechanics Rugby Soccer Temperature

Effects of remifentanil on intracellular Ca^2＋ and its transients induced by electrical stimulation and caffeine in rat ventricular myocytes

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第12期122卷 1439-1443页

作者： ZHANG Ye Michael G. irwin LI Rui CHEN Zhi-wu Tak-Ming Wong Department of Anesthesiology Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui 230601 China Department of Anesthesiology the-university of Hong Kong Hong Kong Claina Department of Anesthesiology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui 230022 China Departmen't of Physiology the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Background Preconditioning with remifentanil confers cardioprotection. Since Ca^2＋ overload is a precipitating factor of injury, we determined the effects of remefentanil on intracellular Ca^2＋（[Ca^2＋]i） and its transients induced by electrical stimulation and caffeine, which reflects Ca^2＋ handling by Ca^2＋ handling proteins, in rat ventricular myocytes. Methods Freshly isolated adult male Sprague-Dawley rat myocytes were loaded with Fura-2/AM and [Ca]i was determined by spectrofluorometry. Remifentanil at 0.1-1000 μg/L was administered. Ten minutes after administration, either 0.2 Hz electrical stimulation was applied or 10 mmol/L caffeine was added. The [Ca^2＋]i, and the amplitude, time resting and 50% decay （t50） of both transients induced by electrical stimulation （E[Ca^2＋]i） and caffeine （C[Ca^2＋]i） were determined. Results Remifentanil （0.1-1000.0 μg/L） decreased the [Ca^2＋]i in a dose-dependent manner. It also decreased the amplitude of both transients dose-dependently. Furthermore, it increased the time to peak and tso of both transients dose-dependently. Conclusion Remifentanil reduced the [Ca^2＋]i and suppressed the transients induced by electrical stimulation and caffeine in rat ventricular myocytes.

关键词： remifentanil ventricular myocyte cytosolic-calcium opioid receptor

Comparative study of gut microbiota from captive and confiscatedrescued wild pangolins

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第9期48卷 825-835页

作者： Chunbing Liu Jingyang Hu Yajiang Wu David M.irwin Wu Chen Zhigang Zhang Li Yu State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Guangzhou Zoo&Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center Guangzhou 510070China Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 1A8Canada

Pangolins are among the most critically endangered animals due to widespread poaching and worldwide trafficking. Captive breeding is considered to be one way to protect them and increase the sizes of their populations. However, comparative studies of captive and wild pangolins in the context of gut microbiota are rare. Here, the gut microbiome of captive and confiscated-rescued wild pangolins is compared, and the effects of different periods of captivity and captivity with and without antibiotic treatment are *** show that different diets and periods of captivity, as well as the application of antibiotic therapy, can alter gut community composition and abundance in pangolins. Compared to wild pangolins, captive pangolins have an increased capacity for chitin and cellulose/hemicellulose degradation, fatty acid metabolism, and short-chain fatty acid synthesis, but a reduced ability to metabolize exogenous substances. In addition to increasing the ability of the gut microbiota to metabolize nutrients in captivity, captive breeding imposes some risks for survival by resulting in a greater abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in captive pangolins than in wild pangolins. Our study is important for the development of guidelines for pangolin conservation, including health assessment, disease prevention, and rehabilitation of wild pangolin populations.

关键词： Pangolin Gut microbiome Captivity Antibiotic resistance genes Virulence factors

Rapid Evolution of the Mammalian HILS1 Gene and the Nuclear Condensation Process during Mammalian Spermiogenesis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2013年第1期40卷 55-59页

作者： Yanhua Su Dongdong Wu Weiping Zhou David M.irwin Yaping Zhang Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education Yunnan University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Banting and Best Diabetes Centre University of Toronto

Many genes associated with reproduction show rapid evolution across diverse animal groups, a result commonly due to adaptive evolution driven by positive selection （Swanson and Vacquier, 2002）. Different theories have been proposed to explain the elevated rates of evolution （Swanson and Vacquier, 2002）, including sperm competition, where sperm compete to fertilize eggs leading to the proteins in the sper- matozoa adaptively evolving to increase their ability to fertilize eggs; sexual conflict, where the egg experiences a loss of fitness when sperm are too abundant; sexual selection, where eggs bind sperm carrying adaptive alleles （Palumbi, 1999）; and cryptic female choice （reviewed in Swanson and Vacquier, 2002）.

关键词： Rapid Evolution of the Mammalian HILS1 Gene and the Nuclear Condensation Process during Mammalian Spermiogenesis HILS gene

Diversification of Sisorid catfishes(Teleostei: Siluriformes)in relation to the orogeny of the Himalayan Plateau

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Science Bulletin 2016年第13期61卷 991-1002页

作者： Chuanjiang Zhou Xuzhen Wang Xiaoni Gan Yaping Zhang David M.irwin Richard L.Mayden Shunping He Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Southwest University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science Southwest University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Fisheries Henan Normal University Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Banting and Best Diabetes Centre University of Toronto Department of Biology 3507 Laclede Ave. Saint Louis University

Abstract Sisorid catfishes are primarily limited in distribution to rivers of the Himalayan region and Tibetan Plateau. These species have external morphologies that are adapted for extremely fast-flowing riverine systems. Given the diversity of the group and the above qualities of these catfishes, this lineage serves as an ideal group for inferring the geological history of this region based on their phylogenetic relationships reflecting evolu- tionary history. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome and four nuclear genes of representative sisorids distributed across river systems in China. Phylogenetic analyses strongly support the monophyly of the Sisoridae and the glyptosternoids. An analysis of the reconstructed ancestral states derived from inferred genealogical relationships suggests that the evolution of this lineage was accompanied by convergent evolution in morphological traits that were presumably in response to environmental pressure involving the rapid flowing river system that were generated during the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau （UTP）. Molecular dating indicates that the Chinese sisorids and the glyptosternoids originated at the later Miocene （~ 10.9-9.8 Mya）, and with further biogeographic analyses indicates that the species of Sisoridae likely originated from a widely distributed ancestor. Moreover, the divergence of the Sisoridae in China can be divided into two phases consis- tent with the UTP. All of these results indicate that the diversification and dispersal events in this lineage occurred as a result of drainage systems formed during and after the UTP in the late Miocene and Quaternary periods.

关键词： Phylogeny. Diversification and dispersal.Biogeography - Divergence time estimation ~ TibetanPlateau ~ Sisoridae ~ Catfish

QcReads:An Adapter and Quality Trimming Tool for Next-Generation Sequencing Reads

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2013年第12期40卷 639-642页

作者： Yunfei Ma Haibing Xie Xuman Han David M.irwin Ya-Ping Zhang School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto

With the advent of next-generation sequencing （NGS） tech-nologies, it is possible to obtain huge amount of genome or transcriptome sequence with high coverage. NGS technologies are now extensively used in various fields such as genetics （Feuillet et al., 2011; Young et al., 2012; Ling et al., 2013） and clinical medicine （Kwon and Goate, 2000; Pflueger et al., 2011;

关键词： length QcReads

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进化心理学概览(英文)

心理学报 2007年第3期39卷 541-545页

作者： irwin Silverman York University

该文认为处于萌芽状态的进化心理学作为一个新的心理学分支学科对人类心理运行机制提出了一些基本的解释与预测。该文也讨论了进化心理学研究遭受到的两种批评,其一是文化的重要性没有得到重视;其二是进化历史是“假想的故事”。同时作... 详细信息

该文认为处于萌芽状态的进化心理学作为一个新的心理学分支学科对人类心理运行机制提出了一些基本的解释与预测。该文也讨论了进化心理学研究遭受到的两种批评,其一是文化的重要性没有得到重视;其二是进化历史是“假想的故事”。同时作者认为完整地理解心理学研究课题需要进行最终水平的因果分析,只有掌握与运用自然选择理论才能从最终水平上理解研究课题。

关键词：进化心理学自然选择假想的故事