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Why do‘OFF’periods still occur during continuous drug delivery in Parkinson’s disease?

Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 280-293页

作者： Silvia Rota Daniele Urso Daniel J.van Wamelen Valentina Leta iro boura Per Odin Alberto J.Espay Peter Jenner K.Ray Chaudhuri Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence King’s College HospitalLondonUK Department of Neuroimaging Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain Department of Clinical Research in NeurologyUniversity of Bari‘Aldo Moro“Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico”73039 TricaseItaly Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourDepartment of NeurologyRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands School of Medicine University of CreteCreteGreece Department of Neurology University Hospital of HeraklionCreteGreece Division of Neurology Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement DisordersDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Life Science and MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK.

Continuous drug delivery(CDD)is used in moderately advanced and late-stage Parkinson’s disease(PD)to control motor and non-motor fluctuations(‘OFF’periods).Transdermal rotigotine is indicated for early fluctuations,while subcutaneous apomorphine infusion and levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel are utilised in advanced PD.All three strategies are considered examples of continuous dopaminergic stimulation achieved through CDD.A central premise of the CDD is to achieve stable control of the parkinsonian motor and non-motor states and avoid emergence of‘OFF’periods.However,data suggest that despite their efficacy in reducing the number and duration of‘OFF’periods,these strategies still do not prevent‘OFF’periods in the middle to late stages of PD,thus contradicting the widely held concepts of continuous drug delivery and continuous dopaminergic stimulation.Why these emergent‘OFF’periods still occur is unknown.In this review,we analyse the potential reasons for their persistence.The contribution of drug-and device-related involvement,and the problems related to site-specific drug delivery are analysed.We propose that changes in dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic mechanisms in the basal ganglia might render these persistent‘OFF’periods unresponsive to dopaminergic therapy delivered via CDD.

关键词： ‘OFF’periods Continuous drug delivery Continuous dopaminergic stimulation Rotigotine patch Subcutaneous apomorphine infusion Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel

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后疫情时代如何重新定位护理专业

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第3期25卷 128-132页

作者： Howard Catton Elizabeth iro 田策(译) 王乾贝(校) International Council of Nurses GenevaSwitzerland World Health Organization GenevaSwitzerland 中国医学科学院北乐协和医院

这场疫情大流行揭示了为全球健康和经济保障而投资护理的必要性。Howard Catton和Elizabeth iro概述了护理专业应该如何转型才能最大限度地提高其对患者照护和结局的影响。

关键词：护理专业全球健康疫情最大限度重新定位照护

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Tailoring RGD local surface density at the nanoscale toward adult stem cell chondrogenic commitment

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Nano Research 2017年第6期10卷 1959-1971页

作者： Anna Lagunas iro Tsintzou Yolanda Vida Daniel Collado Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa Cristina Rodriguez Pereira Joana Magalhaes Jose A. Andrades Josep Samitier Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER) C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabellon 11 Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Baldiri-Reixac 10-12 Barcelona 08028 Spain Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA) Department of Organic Chemistry Universidad de Malaga (UMA) Malaga 29071 Spain Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BlONAND Parque Tecnoldgico de Andalucia Mdlaga 29590 Spain Unidad de Bioingenieria Tisulary Terapia Celular (GBTTC-CHUAC) Grupo de Reumatologia Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coru6a (INIBIC) Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruf~a (CHUAC) Sergas Universidade da Coruna (UDC) As Xubias 84 Coruna 15006 A Spain Cell Biology Genetics and Physiology Department University de Malaga (UMA) Campus Teatinos Malaga 29071 Spain Department of Engineering Electronics University of Barcelona (UB) Marti i Franques 1-11 Barcelona 08028 Spain

Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid （RGD） dendrimer-based nanopatterns on poly（L- lactic acid） were used as bioactive substrates to evaluate the impact of the RGD local surface density on the chondrogenic induction of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. During chondrogenic commitment, active extracellular matrix （ECM） remodeling takes place, playing an instructive role in the differentiation process. Although three-dimensional environments such as pellet or micromass cultures are commonly used for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation, these cultures are rather limited with respect to their ability to interrogate cells in celI-ECM interactions. In the present study, the nanopatterns of the tunable RGD surface density were obtained as a function of the initial dendrimer concentration. The local RGD surface density was quantified through probability contour plots for the minimum interparticle distance, constructed from the corresponding atomic force microscopy images, and correlated with the cell adhesion and differentiation response. The results revealed that the local RGD surface density at the nanoscale acts as a regulator of chondrogenic commitment, and that intermediate adhesiveness of cells to the substrates favors mesenchymal cell condensation and early chondrogenic differentiation.

关键词： dendrimer,arginine-glycine-asparticacid （RGD）,nanopattem,human mesenchymalstem cells （hMSCs）,chondrogenesis

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后疫情时代如何重新定位护理专业

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中国医院院长 2022年第16期18卷 23-25页

作者： Howard Catton Elizabeth iro 田策(译) 不详

这场疫情大流行揭示了为全球健康和经济保障而投资护理的必要性。Howard Catton和Elizabeth iro概述了护理专业应该如何转型才能最大限度地提高其对患者照护和结局的影响。医疗卫生服务的有效性与护理行业密不可分。疫情防控与应对独立... 详细信息

这场疫情大流行揭示了为全球健康和经济保障而投资护理的必要性。Howard Catton和Elizabeth iro概述了护理专业应该如何转型才能最大限度地提高其对患者照护和结局的影响。医疗卫生服务的有效性与护理行业密不可分。疫情防控与应对独立小组的第二份进展报告指出,“面对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)大流行,世界并没有准备好,未来必须要做得更好”,并提出“COVID-19疫情必须成为一种催化剂,推动一场从当地社区到国际层面的根本性和系统性变革,以应对未来此类事件”。

关键词：护理专业疫情防控护理行业全球健康进展报告新型冠状病毒当地社区医疗卫生服务

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Effect of Maggot Production Residue on Amaranth Growth Parameters

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第12期12卷 571-585页

作者： Idriss Hamidou Leyo Zakari Moussa Ousmane Dan Lamso Nomaou iro Dan Guimbo Ila Ango Salaou Fréderic Francis Rudy Caparros Megido Faculté d’Agronomie Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Niamey Niger Entomologie Fonctionnelle et évolutive Liège Université Gembloux Belgium

Amaranth is one of the most consumed vegetables in Niger Republic because of its nutritional values. However, the production of this plant requires nutrient-rich soils that are becoming scarce in most agricultural soils in Niger. This study aims to evaluate the fertilizing potential of the maggot production residue of Musca domestica L. 1758 and bovine excrement on the agronomic parameters of Amaranthus cruentus L., 1759. To do this, four densities (50, 100, 150, 200 g) of maggot production residue and bovine excrement were tested. Stem length, neck diameter and leaf number were strongly influenced by the interaction of the type of treatment (maggot production residue and bovine excrement) and dose. Dose 50 and dose 150 gave the best performance in length and diameter respectively for residue (length = 42.24 ± 8.98 cm;diameter = 0.88 ± 0.17 cm) and bovine droppings (length = 39.29 ± 8.10;diameter = 0.98 ± 0.77). On the leaf number side, no significant differences were observed between the doses for the residue. For bovine excrement, this number was higher at the 150 g dose (28.12 ± 4.98). The effect of the residue and bovine excrement on each corresponding dose shows that, for the stem length, only the 50 g dose was statistically influenced by the latter (P < 0.001). On the neck diameter side, only the 50 g and 100 g doses were statistically influenced by bovine residue and excrement (dose 50 g: P < 0.001;dose 100 g: P < 0.001). For each of these doses, the residue recorded the best performance both for the length of the rod and for the diameter at the collar. On the leaf number side, only the dose 50 g and 150 g varied statistically according to the type of fertilizer. At the 50 g dose, the residue recorded the largest number of leaves (27.10 ± 11.15), but the residue recorded the lowest number of leaves at the 100 g dose (21.01 ± 5.99). Foliar and root biomass varied statistically according to the dose within each fertilizer (foliar biomass: residue: P = 0.040;bovine excrement: P < 0.001;root biomass: residue:

关键词： Musca domestica Maggot Residue Amaranth Fertilization Niger

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地下水过量开采的概率风险分析

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自然灾害学报 2007年第2期16卷 101-105页

作者：束龙仓 Basil T.iro Ong'or 陶玉飞海河大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室江苏南京210098

应用一种概率风险分析方法评价了济宁市地下水水位降落漏斗区的风险度。该方法引入了可靠度和严重度来进行分析评价,可靠度从宏观上反映了含水层系统的安全可靠程度,而严重度从微观上详细地刻画了含水层系统的易破坏程度。其中,影响可... 详细信息

应用一种概率风险分析方法评价了济宁市地下水水位降落漏斗区的风险度。该方法引入了可靠度和严重度来进行分析评价,可靠度从宏观上反映了含水层系统的安全可靠程度,而严重度从微观上详细地刻画了含水层系统的易破坏程度。其中,影响可靠度大小的因子主要有可开采量和实际开采量,严重度大小的主要影响因子包括实际开采量、净补给、降深和含水层的初始饱和厚度。在可靠度和严重度计算结果的基础上,利用ArcG IS软件计算了漏斗区风险度的空间分布。结果表明:占研究区总面积5.53%的中部地区风险度最大,而西部和南部的风险度相对很小,符合该地区实际的水文地质条件和地下水资源的开采现状。

关键词：降落漏斗可靠度严重度风险度 ArcGIS

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Resistance to Abiotic Stress and Effectiveness of Native Rhizobia on Bambara Groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] in Benin

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第6期12卷 193-215页

作者： Mahougnon Carmelle Charlotte Zoundji Agassin Martinien Arcadius Ahoglé Tobi Moriaque Akplo Sèmèvo Oslo Gangnon Diorel Montéiro Yves Zanvo Félix Kouelo Alladassi Pascal Houngnandan Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales Horticoles et Forestières Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou Benin Ecole de Gestion et de Production Végétale et Semencière Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou Benin Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Sols et d’Ecologie Microbienne Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Department of Spatial and Environmental Planning Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Faculté d’Agronomie Université de Parakou Parakou Benin

Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.], as a legume, can establish relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium. However, Rhizobium efficacy is not always optimal due to the lack or poor efficient strains in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate symbiotic efficiency of endogenous Rhizobia nodulating Bambara groundnut and their resistance to abiotic conditions. Root nodules were randomly sampled from three agroecological zones across the country, surface sterilized, ground and paste plated on YEMA media. After 24 hours, the bacterial colonies were purified. The pure cultures were further characterized using morphological and biochemical methods and their resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals was evaluated. Lastly, the symbiotic efficiency of the isolates was assessed through a greenhouse experiment. A total of eighty-five presumptive strains were isolated from Bambara groundnut roots nodules obtained from the farms. The physiological characterization of the isolated showed a decrease in isolates growth when NaCl concentration was more than 7%. In addition, 47% of the isolates were tolerant to a temperature of 40°C. Most of the isolates were highly resistant to Erythromycin in all its concentration levels and to Kanamycin, Spectinomycin, Neomycin and Ampicillin at 10 μg⋅mL−1. Most of them showed resistance to Cu and Zn at 10 μg⋅mL−1. Results of the effectiveness test on two Bambara groundnut varieties yielded dry shoot matter varying from 3.33 g⋅plant−1 to 7.21 g⋅plant−1 for variety 1 and from 4.38 g⋅plant−1 to 8.38 g⋅plant−1 on variety 2. N uptake ranged between 0.09 g⋅plant−1 and 0.29 g⋅plant−1 for variety 1 and between 0.12 and 0.29 g⋅plant−1 for variety 2. The isolates yielding higher shoot dry weight and N uptake were LMSEM312, LMSEM338, LMSEM307, LMSEM351 for variety 1 and LMS

关键词： Indigenous Rhizobia Nitrogen Fixation Biodiversity Bambara Groundnut West Africa

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Bond Strength of Orthodontic Bracket Cement Using a Bleaching Light for Curing

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2018年第3期8卷 81-89页

作者： Yoav Shapinko iro Eleftheriadi Nir Shpack Moshe Davidovitch Elias Bitsanis Shlomo Matalon Tamar Brosh Department of Orthodontics Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Department of Oral Rehabilitation Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Oral Biology Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel

Aim: To investigate the bond strengths achieved by using a Bleaching Curing Light (BCL) to polymerize orthodontic bonding cement. Material and Methods: 160 anterior bovine teeth were used to form 20 average sized human dental arches, and distributed into 2 groups according to which light curing method used: Group 1: BCL for 40 seconds, or Group 2: LED for 10 seconds. After storage in a controlled environment, Shear Bond Strength (SBS) and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were determined. Results: Group 1 showed significantly lower SBS in the most posterior (first molar) position of the dental arch, (Group 1: 0.7 ± 1.0 MPa, Group 2: 2.9 ± 1.7 MPa, p Conclusion: Simultaneous full-arch curing of orthodontic bracket cement using a BCL is clinically acceptable in all but the most posterior locations along the dental arch.

关键词： Bleaching Light-Cure Orthodontic Bonding Shear Bond Strength

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Evaluation of an Orthodontic Adhesive with Combined Primer and Composite

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2018年第6期8卷 205-216页

作者： Yoav Shapinko iro Eleftheriadi Tamar Brosh Lihi Adler-Abramovich Moshe Davidovitch Tatiana Sella-Tunis Rachel Sarig Nir Shpack Department of Orthodontics The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Oral Biology The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Bio-History Research Sackler Faculty of Medicine The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of a new orthodontic bonding system that incorporates the primer solution in the adhesive. Materials and Methods: 90 anterior bovine teeth were divided in three groups: in Group I, brackets were bonded with Transbond XT system, in Group II with GC Ortho Connect which incorporates the primer in the adhesive, and in Group III, a single layer of primer was applied on the teeth before bonding the brackets with GC Ortho Connect. After a 24-hour latency period, Shear Bond Strength (SBS) and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were measured. In cases with remnants left mainly on the bracket base, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry was performed in order to determine the presence of calcium particles. Selected cases were examined with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis and in nanometer scale with a confocal visible light microscope (μsurf revolver, NanoFocus AG, Germany). Results: The mean SBS values were 7.25 ± 0.58 MPa for Group I, 6.57 ± 0.50 MPa for Group II and 7.33 ± 0.56 MPa for Group III. These differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.562). ARI evaluation showed that the debonding failure happened more frequently within the adhesive interface in Group II, whereas this occurred more often at the tooth-adhesive interface in Group III. However, statistical analysis of the ARI scores showed no significant difference in adhesive remnants among the three groups (p = 0.078). Conclusion: The GC Ortho Connect bonding system can be efficiently used for orthodontic bonding. Adding a layer of primer appears to slightly increase the SBS while causing less adhesive to remain on enamel from which brackets were debonded.

关键词： Orthodontic Adhesive Shear Bond Strength Adhesive Remnant Index

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ANOTHER TYPE OF GENERALIZED BALL CURVES AND SURFACES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2007年第4期27卷 897-907页

作者：余丹陈莘萌 Computer School of Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China National Laboratory of Software Development EnvironmentBeihang UniversityBeijing 100083China Computer School of Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China

In 2000, Wu presented two new types of generalized Ball curves, one of which is called an NB1 curve located between the Wang-Ball curve and the Said-Ball curve. In this article, the authors aim to discuss properties of NB1 curves and surfaces, including the recursive algorithms, conversion algorithms between NB1 and Bezier curves and surfaces, etc. In addition the authors compare the computation efficiency of recursive algorithms for the NB1 and above mentioned two generalized Ball curves and surfaces.

关键词： NB1, Wang-Ball, Said-Ball, basis generalized Ball curves and surfaces

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