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Level of education and mortality after radical prostatectomy

Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 173-177页

作者： Michael Froehner Rainer koch Stefan Propping Dorothea Liebeheim Matthias Hfibler Gustavo B Baretton Oliver W Hakenberg Manfred P Wirth Department of Urology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universit~t Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Medical Statistics and Biometry University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Pathology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Urology University of Rostock Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6 D-18055 Rostock Germany

Estimating the risk of competing mortality is of importance in men with early prostate cancer to choose the most appropriate way of management and to avoid over- or under-treatment. In this study, we investigated the impact of the level of education in this context. The study sample consisted of 2630 patients with complete data on level of education （college, university degree, master craftsmen, comparable profession, or others）, histopathological tumor stage （organ confined or extracapsular）, lymph node status （negative or positive）, and prostatectomy specimen Gleason score （〈7, 7, or 8-10） who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2007. Overall, prostate cancer-specific, competing, and second cancer-related mortalities were study endpoints. Cox proportional hazard models for competing risks were used to study combined effects of the variables on these endpoints. A higher level of education was independently associated with decreased overall mortality after radical prostatectomy （hazard ratio [HR]： 0.75, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]： 0.62-0.91, P = 0.0037）. The mortality difference was attributable to decreased second cancer mortality （HR： 0.59, 95% Ch 0.40-0.85, P = 0.0052） and noncancer mortality （HR： 0.73, 95% Ch 0.55-0.98, P = 0.0345） but not to differences in prostate cancer-specific mortality （HR： 1.16, 95% Ch 0.79-1.69, P = 0.4536 in the full model）. In conclusion, the level of education might serve as an independent prognostic parameter supplementary to age, comorbidity, and smoking status to estimate the risk of competing mortality and to choose optimal treatment for men with early prostate cancer who are candidates for radical prostatectomy.

关键词： comorbidity competing risk analysis level of education life expectancy mortality proportional hazards model prostate cancer radical prostatectomy smoking socioeconomic status

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Herbicidal Effects of Fungicides on Arable Weeds

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第1期5卷 35-41页

作者： Henning Nordmeyer Tobias koch Julius Kühn-Institute Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland Braunschweig Germany.

In the present study, the herbicidal effects of two fungicides with the active ingredients expoxiconazole, fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin and fenpropimorph on the two arable weeds Lamium purpureum L. and Chenopodium album L. were investigated. The experiments were conducted in a climate chamber under defined conditions. Sowing pods were prepared and plants at the cotyledon leaf stage were pricked out in test pods. Fungicides were applied at six application rates: 0%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100% and 200% of the maximum registered dose rate in Germany. Seven days after application, the first assessment was conducted, regarding growth stage, quantity of plants and visible plant damage. Fourteen days after application, the second and final assessment was conducted, regarding growth stage, quantity of plants, visible plant damage and the fresh weight of the plants. There were herbicidal effects of the fungicides, which were presumably due to the active ingredient epoxiconazole. Epoxiconazole has effects on enzymes that are dependent on cytochrome P-450 and inhibits sterol biosynthesis and probably gibberellin synthesis. By doing so, these fungicides have similar effects to plant growth regulators. Weed species showed differential sensitivities, contractions and growth inhibition and ED50-values were calculated. Notwithstanding the probably minor relevance of the present results in agricultural practice, some effects on arable weeds might result if fungicides are applied at an early growth stage in the field. In some cases, the crop-weed competition could be shifted to the benefit of the crop. Nevertheless, the results are interesting for the field of weed research and for the assessment of the ecotoxicology of fungicides.

关键词： Chenopodium album Dose Response Epoxiconazole Fungicide Treatments Lamium purpureum Nontarget Effects Plant Bioassay Weed Species

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Criminal Punishment and Crime Prevention

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英语学习 2001年第10期 44-45页

作者： Edward L koch

Last December a man named Robert Lee Willie,whohad been convicted of raping and murdering an 18-year-old woman,was executed in the Louisiana state *** astatement issued several minutes before his death,***:"Killing people was wrong...It makes no differencewhether it’s citizens,countries,or *** waswrong."Two weeks later in South Carolina,an admittedkiller named Joseph Carl Shaw was put to death formurdering two *** an appeal to the governor formercy,*** wrote:"Killing was wrong when I did *** is wrong when you do it.I hope you have the courage

关键词： when than

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Multiple Institutional Dynamics of Sustainable Housing Concepts in DenmarkOn the Role of Passive Houses

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Sociology Study 2012年第10期2卷 725-741页

作者： Martine Buser Christian koch Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

One of the central challenges of sustainable transition is the changing of the buildings. This involves social, cultural,political, and regulatory dynamics. Critically using transition theory conceptualization of a world of dynamics, the paper reviews institutional theory and actor network approaches in an attempt to better account for contemporary developments in Europe, encompassing EU reforms as well as multiple competing concepts. The emergence of ＂passive houses＂ in Denmark is used as a case of transition dynamics. The concept was developed in Germany and imported into Denmark. It is a technological niche, encompassing technologies, players, improvisation, and early customers. Passive houses have entered into fierce competition with other future institutions such as LEED （Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design）, DGNB （German Sustainable Building Council）/green building council, and active houses. Passive houses were at the outset a well-developed upcoming institution with design principles, software, certification and numerous reference buildings, strong enough to be a challenger institution. They are promoted by a characteristic alliance of architects, consulting engineers, a few clients, and an architect school, whereas the other concepts exhibit their specific actor alliances. Yet passive houses experience barriers such as the reputation of being expensive and non-user friendly, and are currently surpassed by the other concepts.

关键词： Passive houses transition theory Denmark sustainable building

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Atomic scale memristive photon source

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第7期11卷 1414-1422页

作者： Bojun Cheng Till Zellweger Konstantin Malchow Xinzhi Zhang Mila Lewerenz Elias Passerini Jan Aeschlimann Ueli koch Mathieu Luisier Alexandros Emboras Alexandre Bouhelier Juerg Leuthold ETH Zurich Institute of Electromagnetic FieldsZurich 8092Switzerland Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne UMR 6303 CNRSUniversitéde Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon 21078France ETH Zurich Integrated Systems LaboratoryZurich 8092Switzerland

Memristive devices are an emerging new type of devices operating at the scale of a few or even single *** are currently used as storage elements and are investigated for performing in-memory and neuromorphic *** these devices,Ag/amorphous-SiO_(x)/Pt memristors are among the most studied systems,with the electrically induced filament growth and dynamics being thoroughly investigated both theoretically and *** this paper,we report the observation of a novel feature in these devices:The appearance of new photoluminescent centers in SiO_(x) upon memristive switching,and photon emission correlated with the conductance *** observation might pave the way towards an intrinsically memristive atomic scale light source with applications in neural networks,optical interconnects,and quantum communication.

关键词： photon thoroughly amorphous

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"Integrated Design Process"a Concept for Green Energy Engineering

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第3期5卷 292-298页

作者： Christian koch Henrik Buhl Civil and Environmental Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Department of Management Engineering Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark

Consulting Engineers and Architects are currently experimenting with the concept of “Integrated Design Process” (IDP). This paper views Integrated Design Process as a process tool and a concept for management and organization of the green energy engineering process. Moreover such a concept is understood both as systematic knowledge and a symbolic device for enabling change. The paper briefly review international variants, and focus on two variants present in Denmark: an architect and engineering variant of IDP. The differences between the concepts include different roles for main actors, the use of information technology, the relation to lean, and forms of collaboration. The paper discusses two building projects focusing on teams of engineers and architects in the early conceptual phase. One develops a solution focused on energy saving technologies, the other on energy producing. It is argued that in this practical context, IDP is viewed as ambiguous and not well defined, and the architects and engineer work hard understanding and using the concepts even when directly involved. It is difficult to reach consensus on how to do it. The various players agree that an increased interdisciplinary interaction in the design team is necessary in order to comply with the increased complexity of green energy building design. IDP shows potential as a driver for green energy engineering and technologies, as traditional roles and responsibilities in the design process is changed, and sustainable solutions for green buildings can reach a higher standard and quality and are integrated earlier in the design process.

关键词： Integrated Design Processes Sustainable Building Negotiated Concepts

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Climate Change Favors Grapevine Production in Temperate Zones

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 247-263页

作者： Bruno koch Fritz Oehl Kastanienberg Hainfeld Germany Agroscope Competence Division for Plants and Plant Products Ecotoxicology W&#228 denswil Switzerland

Wine production has a long-standing history in Palatinate (Southwestern Germany), dating back to Roman times. Especially “Riesling”, but also several “Pinot” varieties gained major significance. Red wine varieties gained prominence over the last 20 years only, which may be a consequence of climate change. Our objective was to review temperature and rainfall data over the last 40 years, measured “on-winery” in Hainfeld and correlate these data with grapevine growth parameters: the development of bud break, flowering, veraison and harvest dates, yields and grape sugar concentrations of “Pinot Gris”, “Pinot Noir”, “Riesling”, “Silvaner” and “Müller-Thurgau”. Since the 1970s, bud break, flowering and veraison are 11 - 15, 18 - 22 and 16 - 22 days earlier;harvest dates are 25 - 40 days earlier. Sugar concentrations increased significantly, but yields decreased. Annual rainfall has not significantly risen, while the mean annual minimum and maximum air-temperatures rose by ~0.9°C, and by ~3.4°C, respectively, resulting in an average increase of the mean annual temperature of ~2.1°C. Remarkably, both mean monthly minimum and maximum temperatures rose especially in springtime, which should have been the driver for earlier bud break and flowering. A change in the climatic conditions, therefore, appears to be one of the key reasons for more favorable grapevine production in Palatinate, especially for “Pinot Noir”, which showed the highest increase in sugar concentrations. The Huglin-index, a measure for the suitability of growing specific grapevine varieties in given environments, increased from 1685 to 2063. According to this index, the climate change may be favorable already for growing grape varieties so far rarely grown in temperate zones, such as “Cabernet Sauvignon”, “Syrah” and “Tempranillo” that are more suited to warmer, Mediterranean climates.

关键词： Central Europe Climatic Diversity Viticulture Vitis vinifera

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Identifying Where the Values Come from IT-Innovations in Health and Social Care

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Intelligent Information Management 2012年第5期4卷 296-308页

作者： Vivian Vimarlund Sabine koch Research Center of Information Technology and Information Systems Department of InformaticsJonkoping International Business SchoolJonkopingSweden Linkoping University LinkopingSweden Health Informatics Centre Department of LearningInformaticsManagement and EthicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Studies aimed to capture the effects of IT-innovations in health and social care have shown that there is a gap between expected and factual outcomes. Many decision makers feel the need to articulate an ideal end-state for their organiza-tions. Striking the balance between novelty and believability of such an ideal end-state is often tricky and they become neither satisfied with the ideal not the visioning. In this study, we explore the contribution of IT-innovations to health and social care. The results showed that coherence between context and IT-innovation is important to capture effects and outcomes. Being coherent rather than visionary contributes to identify where you are, as an organization, and to capture effects and outcomes that “make sense” in the context in question. The paper makes an exposition from the model building, algorithm design to performance analysis and contributes to the academic prosperity in Intelligent In-formation Management The knowledge generated is expected to provide input when identifying goals that IT-investments are supposed to achieve.

关键词： IT-Innovation Intelligent Information Management Health and Social Care Coherence

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Assessment and Mapping of Groundwater Vulnerability Using SAR Concentrations and GIS: A Case Study in Al-Mafraq, Jordan

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第7期7卷 588-596页

作者： Majed Ibrahim Barbara koch Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing Department Al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Remote Sensing and Landscape Department (Felis) Freiburg University Freiburg Germany

Groundwater is the main source of water supply in Jordan. Due to lower precipitation rates in recent years, the surface water is increasingly limited. Research on groundwater vulnerability helps protect this main source of water supply and assists in the development of plans to confront the deterioration and contamination of aquifers from wastewater and agricultural activities in order to protect groundwater for future generations. The important factors to determine groundwater vulnerability are environmental conditions;hence the spatial conditions in arid to semi-arid areas must be taken into account when applying different models. The aquifer vulnerability has been assessed in Jordan by using the DRASTIC method;remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) data were used to derive and process data. The DRASTIC index was used with seven parameters to describe physical characteristics of the aquifers. It is concluded that about 34% of the area was considered to be of moderate vulnerability, but the share increased to 60% after modifying the index. While high vulnerability was at 25% of the total area, it decreased to 6.3% with the modified index;therefore, urgent pollution prevention measures should be taken for every kind of relevant activity within the whole basin.

关键词： Land Use Groundwater DRASTIC Index GIS SAR

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中国参与全球治理的七大建议

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国际经济评论 2006年第4期 38-39页

作者： Caio koch-Weser 德意志银行

我想简明扼要地讲一下中国更加积极地参加到全球治理中的七大建议:1.中国要在已参加的组织中发挥更强大的领导作用.在过去六年当中,我作为七国集团的一个副财长,参与了大量的七国集团的财长会议,也和中国的同事有了很多的讨论.我认为中... 详细信息

我想简明扼要地讲一下中国更加积极地参加到全球治理中的七大建议:1.中国要在已参加的组织中发挥更强大的领导作用.在过去六年当中,我作为七国集团的一个副财长,参与了大量的七国集团的财长会议,也和中国的同事有了很多的讨论.我认为中国应该在国际和地区经济和金融机构当中发挥一个强大的领导作用,参加到各种组织当中,目前中国由于多方面原因还保持非常的低调.在80年代的时候,中国加入了布雷顿森林体系组织,参加了地区发展银行组织,后来加入了世贸组织,参加了东盟'10+1'和'10+3',也参加了亚太经合组织、亚欧会议这样的地区性论坛.去年中国作为20国集团财长和央行会议的轮值主席国,做得非常好.所以,我的第一个建议就是中国在这些各种各样的组织当中要发挥更强有力的领导作用.

关键词：中华人民共和国七国集团全球治理全球秩序的治理八国集团国际货币基金组织联合国专门机构

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