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Histopathology of hepatocellular carcinoma-when and what

Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 35-49页

作者： Doreen Maria Gisder Andrea Tannapfel iris tischoff Institut der Pathologie Ruhr Universität BochumBochum 44789Germany

When do you need to take biopsies of the liver,and what information will you get is the topic of this review on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).If,clinically,the differential diagnosis of HCC after imaging is suggested,a biopsy has become obligatory as a diagnostic confirmation of HCC in the non-cirrhotic liver prior to definitive therapeutic interventions,as well as in a palliative therapy *** the case of hepatic lesions with an uncharacteristic contrast uptake,a biopsy should be performed immediately to confirm the diagnosis of *** diagnosing HCC,a treatment strategy is ***,the biopsy,or in case of surgical treatment,the resected tissue,shows us the different subtypes of HCC,with the steatohepatitic subtype being the most common and the lymphocyte-rich subtype being the least ***,the histological grade of HCC is determined according to the grading system of the WHO or the Edmonson and Steiner *** biopsies,HCC can be differentiated from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma or metastases of other malignant tumors,especially metastases of the gastrointestinal *** summary,biopsies are fundamental in the diagnosis of HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma biopsies histology

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DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第11期14卷 1741-1748页

作者： iris tischoff Andrea Tannapfel Institute of Pathology Ruhr-University of BochumBürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1Bochum44789Germany

As for many other tumors,development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)must be understood as a multistep process with accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in regulatory genes,leading to activation of oncogenes and inactivation or loss of tumor suppressor genes(TSG).In the last decades,in addition to genetic alterations,epigenetic inactivation of(tumor suppressor) genes by promoter hypermet hylation has been recognized as an important and alternative mechanism in *** HCC,aberrant methylation of promoter sequences occurs not only in advanced tumors, it has been also observed in premalignant conditions just as chronic viral hepatitis B or C and cirrhotic liver. This review discusses the epigenetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma focusing DNA methylation.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma DNA methylation Histone modification Tumor suppressor genes

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