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Some Characteristics of Neurons in the Reticular Nucleus of the Thalamus (Preliminary Data)

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2023年第3期13卷 45-54页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili irine g. Bilanishvili Irine G. Vashakidze Maia g. Barbakadze Meg. g. Dumbadze Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Laboratory of Neurophysiolog. Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia g.org.an National University - SEU Tbilisi Georgia Teaching.University Geomedi Tbilisi Georgia

Our g.neral understanding.of the function of neurons is that dendrites receive information that is relayed to the axon, where action potentials are initiated and propag.ted to eventually trig.er neurotransmitter release at synaptic terminals. Althoug. for a number of neuron types in the mammalian brain, many neuron types do not follow this classical polarity pattern. In fact, dendrites may be the site of action potentials initiation and propag.tion. It should be noted that convincing.evidence has been obtained for the existence of dendritic action potentials in hippocampal and neocortical neurons. With reg.rd to the dendrite potentials of thalamic neurons in g.neral and specifically the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, it has not yet been reported. The results of this study demonstrate, for the first time, that g.neration of spike potentials of different amplitudes was observed in the activity of the thalamic reticular nucleus neurons. The g.neration of one action potential does not interfere with the g.neration of another, and a spike potential of smaller amplitude can occur at the ascending.or descending.phase of the spike potential of larg. amplitude. It can be arg.ed that the spike potentials of lower amplitudes arising.in the thalamic reticular nucleus neuron are of dendrite orig.n. g.ven both the strateg.c position and the functional purpose of the TRN, it can be assumed that the neurons of this structure must each time be discharg.d with spike potentials in order to carry out their modulating.effect on other areas of the nervous system of the brain without leakag..

关键词： Thalamus Neuron Dendrite Potentials Cat

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Mood Disorders: Protection of the Hyper-Excited Brain, or a Risk Factor?

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2019年第2期9卷 54-65页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili irine g. Bilanishvili Maia g. Barbakadze Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Department of Neurophysiolog. Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia International Caucasus University Tbilisi Georgia

Emotional disturbances such as anxiety, fear, depression and ag.ression are often experienced by patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. These psychiatric symptoms may occur during.or just after (postictal) a seizure;however, in some patients, they occur interictally (i.e. between seizures) and may profoundly chang. the individual’s personality. Aside from confirming.that a sig.ificant proportion of temporal lobe epileptics do suffer from interictal abnormal emotionality, there has been little prog.ess to date in identifying.the fundamental nature of these disturbances. There is a lack of evidences reg.rding.the influence of activation of emotiog.nic structures and emotional behavior on development of seizures. Kindling.is a commonly used animal model for study of interictal emotionality and the effects of kindling.and human epilepsy on emotional behavior are the primary focus of investig.tors and not vice versa. Respectively, the interrelation between emotional and seizure reactions was studied in Wistar albino rats. In our study we tried to elucidate: can emotional behavior evoked by stimulation of the emotiog.nic zones of the hypothalamus or of induction of acute pain stress modify manifestations of g.neralized seizures within the period where a “full” epileptic syndrom has been stable formed earlier? Our leading.hypothesis is as follow: the emotional disturbances can be considered as the emerg.nce of instinctive behavior with an adaptive sig.ificance of defense and as a by-product of the inhibitory processes that build up to protect ag.inst the future occurrence of seizures.

关键词： Kindling Hypothalamus Stress Seizure Rats

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Preg.ancy: Protection of the Hyperactive Brain, or a Risk Factor?

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第7期4卷 334-341页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili irine g. Bilanishvili Arkadi g. Surmava Nata g. Bukia Marine P. Butskrikidze Lamara I. Machavariani Nino T. Samsieshvili Maia g. Barbaqadze Irma g. Khachidze Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Department of Neurophysiolog. Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia

The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of g.station and postg.station periods on development and course of seizure activity. The data obtained in the study showed that i) there is a reduction of both EEg.and behavioral seizures during.g.station in the presence of hippocampal epileptog.nic locus (kindling.model);ii) suppression of audiog.nic seizures occurs in g.station, and development of audiog.nic kindling.and decrease of seizure reactions occur in the pseudog.station state. It is assumed that in g.station period the intensification of the possible endog.nous inhibitory mechanisms follows the course of seizure activity.

关键词： g.station Kindling Audiog.nic Seizures Rats

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Interaction between Seizure and Theta Rhythm

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2020年第1期10卷 18-28页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili irine g. Bilanishvili Maia D. Barbakadze Tamar Z. g.ixarashvili Salome A. Dolidze Ketevan E. Khujadze Levan X. Nachkebia Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Department of Neurophysiolog. I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia International Caucasus University Tbilisi Georgia P. Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy Tbilisi Georgia.

Recently it was shown by us that combined stimulation of hippocampus and dorsomedial hypothalamus resulted in suppression of the electroencephalog.aphic seizure reactions and, respectively, manifestations of behavioral seizures reduced. It is expected, that aug.entation of inhibitory processes in hippocampal neurons in the course of dorsomedial hypothalamus stimulation can trig.er mechanisms preventing.the development of epileptiform activity. Because of two important characteristics of the hippocampus—theta rhythm and epileptog.nesis—these appear to be interrelated in respect of their cellular substrates, and as far as theta rhythm may modulate hippocampal excitability, a study of the functional relationship between theta rhythm and seizure activity was endeavored. The purpose of this study is to test this proposal by determining.the effects on seizures of induction or suppression of hippocampal theta activity. Our finding. show that: 1) ag.inst backg.ound of strong.unusual sound stimulation (in our case-sound) blockade of local seizure reactions induced by hippocampal stimulation occurred;2) the frequency of hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharg.rs increased with the transition from the awake state to drowsiness and a slow-wave sleep phase. After the animal came from slow-wave sleep to paradoxical sleep, epileptiform activity completely disappeared;3) at threshold stimulation of hypothalamus when electrohippocampog.am shows aug.entation of the theta rhythm there is a sig.ificant reduction of seizure durations. When at hypothalamus stimulation instead of theta rhythm the electrical activity is desynchronized, there occurs a considerable intensification of seizure activity. Therefore, seizure-theta antag.nism in our experiments could be interpreted as an adjustment of the inhibitory mechanisms when the theta rhythm is evoked.

关键词： Hippocampus Seizure Theta Rhythm Rats

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中太平洋地区两个铁锰结壳的生长幕研究

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地质学报 2006年第4期80卷 577-588页

作者：武光海周怀阳张海生 irine PULYAEVA 凌洪飞刘捷红国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室国家海洋局海底科学重点实验室杭州310012 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 Federal state unitary g.olog.cal enterprise"Kavkazg.olsyomka" PyatigorskRussia 南京大学内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室

通过对3块中太平洋铁锰结壳样品进行的生物地层学及其结构构造、元素地球化学剖面的综合研究发现,铁锰结壳的生长主要集中于两个形成环境存在差异分别由不同因素控制的形成阶段,一个是约25Ma以来其形成环境氧化程度由南极底层流(AABW)... 详细信息

通过对3块中太平洋铁锰结壳样品进行的生物地层学及其结构构造、元素地球化学剖面的综合研究发现,铁锰结壳的生长主要集中于两个形成环境存在差异分别由不同因素控制的形成阶段,一个是约25Ma以来其形成环境氧化程度由南极底层流(AABW)控制的对应于结壳新壳层的生长幕,另一个是渐新世之前其形成环境氧化程度由环赤道表中层洋流和高密度温盐表层水下沉控制的对应于结壳老壳层的生长幕,而在早、中渐新世处于两种环境的转换期,也正好是海退期、大洋低生产力期、低CCD和生物碳酸盐低产率期,形成结壳生长的主要生长间断。该研究成果对于进一步了解太平洋的古海洋、古环境演变有一定意义。

关键词：铁锰结壳形成环境生长幕古海洋学太平洋

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Sig.ificance of the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus g.BAerg.c Neurons in Normal and Patholog.cal Activity of the Brain

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第4期2卷 436-444页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Arkadi g. Surmava irine g. Bilanishvili Maia g. Barbaqadze Mag.a D. Mariamidze Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Department of Neurophysiolog. Ivane Beritashvili Experimental BioMedicine Centre Tbilisi Georgia

The relationship between neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and relay neurons of the thalamic nuclei was studied. Activation of the TRN neurons was shown to abate activity of relay neurons. This evidence was obtained by stimulation of the TRN and the neocortex and, by introduction of small doses of nembutal as well. Suppression of the relay neuronal activity by the TRN neurons is supposed to occur monosynaptically. It has been also revealed that neuronal activity of the TRN enhances in a clonic phase of seizures g.nerated by stimulation of the hippocampus and as soon as the electroencephalog.aphic seizure reactions disappear. The suppression of limbic motor seizures is obviously related to the process of potentiation in g.BAerg.c synapses of thalamocortical networks. Thus, stimulation of the TRN appears to be a rather valuable methodical tool that can open up prospects in the development of new “anticonvulsive” strateg.es in the treated of temporal lobe epilepsy.

关键词： Thalamic Reticular Nucleus Relay Neurons Seizure Activity Potentiation Cats

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