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Design of Clustering Techniques in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第1期44卷 441-456页

作者： R.Ganesh Babu D.Hemanand v.Amudha S.Sugumaran Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM TRP Engineering College621105Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sriram Engineering College602024Tamil NaduIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering602105Tamil NaduIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vishnu Institute of TechnologyBhimavaram534202Andhra PradeshIndia

In recent decades,several optimization algorithms have been developed for selecting the most energy efficient clusters in order to save power during trans-mission to a shorter distance while restricting the Primary Users(pus)*** Cognitive Radio(CR)system is based on the Adaptive Swarm Distributed Intelligent based Clustering algorithm(ASDIC)that shows better spectrum sensing among group of multiusers in terms of sensing error,power sav-ing,and convergence *** this research paper,the proposed ASDIC algorithm develops better energy efficient distributed cluster based sensing with the optimal number of clusters on their *** this research,multiple random Sec-ondary Users(SUs),and pus are considered for ***,the pro-posed ASDIC algorithm improved the convergence speed by combining the multi-users clustered communication compared to the existing optimization *** results showed that the proposed ASDIC algorithm reduced the node power of 9.646%compared to the existing ***,ASDIC algorithm reduced 24.23%of SUs average node power compared to the existing *** of detection is higher by reducing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)to 2 dB *** proposed ASDIC delivers low false alarm rate compared to other existing optimization algorithms in the primary *** results showed that the proposed ASDIC algorithm effectively solves the multimodal optimization problems and maximizes the performance of net-work capacity.

关键词： Adaptive swarm distributed clustering cognitive radio clustering algorithm distributed swarm intelligent energy efficient distributed cluster-based sensing multi modal optimization

Retrospective Comparative Analysis of Thoracic Empyema in Patients Older/Younger than 65

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Open Journal of Thoracic Surgery 2018年第4期8卷 86-93页

作者： J. Hogan v. valtzoglou N. Kostoulas v. Pagliarulo Marius Roman J. P. Duffy A. Majewski E. Addae-Boateng M. Hawari Department of Thoracic Surgery Norwich and Norfolk University Hospital Norwich UK Department of Thoracic Surgery Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham UK

Objectives:Thoracic empyema is characterized by the collection of infected fluid/pus in the pleural space. A multitude of etiologies and surgical approaches exist. The current study aims to assess outcomes in elderly and young patients undergoing surgery for thoracic empyema. Methods: A retrospective comparative analysis was undertaken comparing outcomes in elderly and young patients undergoing surgery with an established diagnosis of empyema. Two groups were generated for comparison 1) patients older than 65 and 2) patients younger than 65. Demographics, comorbidities, post-operative complications, surgical approach and mortalities were compared between groups. Results: 526 patients underwent surgery for empyema during the study period (1993-2016). Group A (65) comprised 108 patients. With respect to group A, the median age at surgery was 45.30 years. Median post-operative stay was 10.50 days (9.10 vs. 11.90 in vATS and open respectively). 30-day mortality in group A was 1.90% (3.30% vs. 0.47% in vATS and open respectively). Group B comprised 108 patients (median age 72.70 years). Median post-operative stay was 14.40 days (11.20 vs. 17.8, vATS vs. open, p = 0.001). Overall 30-day mortality was 8.30 % (7.5% vs. 9% in vATS and open respectively, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The associated mortality and in-patient stay was significantly greater in elderly cohorts when compared to younger. Minimal access approaches confer a number of advantages in elderly patients including shorter hospital stay and reduced mortality.

关键词： Empyema video Assisted Thoracoscopy Elderly Surgery Outcomes

Plasmid instability when the hsp60 gene promoter is used to express the protective non-toxic fragment B of the diphtheria toxin in recombinant BCG

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2013年第2期3卷 81-86页

作者： Dilzamar v.Nascimento Odir A.Dellagostin Raphael Hirata Jr Geraldo M.B.Pereira Ana Luiza Mattos-Guaraldi Geraldo R.Garcia Armoa Faculdade de Ciencias Médicas Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Centro de Biotecnologia Universidade Federal de PelotasCampus UniversitárioPelotasBrazil Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fundacao Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil

The genetic modification of the live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG to deliver a protective Corynebacterium diphtheriae antigen in vivo could be a safer and less costly alternative to the new and more expensive DTP vaccines available today, in particular to third world-countries. The stability of expression of heterologous antigens in BCG, however, is a major challenge to the use of live recombinant bacteria in vaccine development and appears to be dependent to a certain extent, on a genetic compatibility between the expression cassette within the plasmid construct and the mycobacterium host. In the quest for the best recombinant BCG transformant to express the dtb gene of C. diphtheriae we generated two new rBCG strains by transforming the Moreau substrain of BCG with the mycobacterial expression vectors pus973 and pus977, each one carrying a different promoter to drive the expression of the target antigen. After transformation recombinant BCG clones were selected on Middlebrook 7H10 kanamycin Agar plates, expanded in Middlebrook 7H9 kanamycin Broth and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. rBCGs transformed with the construct carrying the weak PAN promoter from M. paratuberculosis stably expressed the dtb gene. Conversely, rBCGs transformed with the construct carrying the strong mycobacterium hsp60 promoter were unstable and consequently unfit for the expression of the C. diphtheriae gene.

关键词： BCG vaccine Recombinant BCG Fragment B of Diphtheria Toxin Anti-Diphtheria vaccine

Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a Delivery System for the dtb Gene Antigen from Diphtheria Toxin

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2017年第4期7卷 176-189页

作者： Dilzamar v.Nascimento Odir A.Dellagostin Denise C.S.Matos Douglas McIntosh Raphael Hirata Jr. Geraldo M.B.Pereira Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi Geraldo R.G.Armoa Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Núcleo de Biotecnologia Universidade Federal de PelotasCampus UniversitárioPelotasBrazil Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Fundacao Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fundacao Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil Instituto de veterinária Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropedicaRio de JaneiroBrazil

Diphtheria is a fulminant bacterial disease caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae whose local and systemic manifestations are due to the action of the diphtheria toxin (DT). The vaccine which is used to prevent diphtheria worldwide is a toxoid obtained by detoxifying DT. Although associated with high efficacy in the prevention of disease, the current anti-diphtheria vaccine, one of the components of DTP (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis triple vaccine), may present post vaccination effects such as toxicity and reactogenicity resulting from the presence of contaminants in the vaccine that originated during the process of production and/or detoxification. Therefore, strategies to develop a less toxic and at the same time economically viable vaccine alternatives are needed to improve existing vaccines in use worldwide. In this study, the Moreau substrain of BCG which is used in Brazil as a live vaccine against human tuberculosis was genetically modified to carry and express the gene encoding for the diphtheria toxin fragment B (DTB). As such, the DNA sequence encoding the dtb gene was cloned into the pus977 shuttle vector for cytoplasmic expression and successfully introduced into BCG cells by electroporation. Mice immunized with recombinant BCG expressing DTB showed seroconversion with the detection of specific antibodies against DTB. Also, rBCGs stably expressing DTB persisted up to 60 days in the absence of selective pressure in mice and cell viability did not change significantly during the period tested. Finally, immune sera from BALB/c mice vaccinated with rBCGpus977dtbPW8 were preliminarily tested for their capacity of neutralizing the diphtheria toxin in the vero Cells assay.

关键词： Recombinant BCG Diphtheria Toxin dtb Gene Park Williams 8(PW8) Corynebacterium diphtheriae rDTBPW8 pus977 vector