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Evaluation of state and community/private forests in Punjab, Pakistan using geospatial data and related techniques

Forest Ecosystems 2015年第2期2卷 155-167页

作者： Naeem Shahzad Urooj Saeed Hammad Gilani Sajid Rashid ahmad irfan Ashraf Syed Muhammad Irteza World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Institute of Geology University of the Punjab International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Background： Forests are fundamental in maintaining water supplies, providing economic goods, mitigating climate change, and maintaining biodiversity, thus providing many of the world＇s poorest with income, food and medicine. Too often, forested lands are treated as ＂wastelands＂ or ＂free＂ and are easily cleared for agricultural and infrastructure expansion. Methods： In this paper, the sustainability of two forest ecosystems （state and community/private owned） was evaluated using SPOT-5 satellite images of 2005 and 2011. This study was conducted in a sub-watershed area covering 468 km2, of which 201 km2 is managed by the state and 267 km2 by community/private ownership in the Murree Galliat region of Punjab Province of Pakistan. A participatory approach was adopted for the delineation and demarcation of forest boundaries. The Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis （GEOBIA） technique was used for identification and mapping of ten Land Cover （LC） features. Results： The results show that between the years 2005 to 2011, a total of 55 km2 （24 km2 in state-owned forest and 31 km2 in community/private forest） was converted from forest to non-forest. The conclusion is that conservation is more effective in state-owned forests than in the community/private forests. Conclusions： These findings may help to mobilize community awareness and identify effective initiatives for improved management of community/private forest land for other regions of Pakistan.

关键词： Forest management SPOT-5 satellite images State and community/private owned forests Murree Galliat Pakistan

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Overexpression of the phytochrome B gene from Arabidopsis thaliana increases plant growth and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第4期12卷 326-334页

作者： Abdul Qayyum RAO Muhammad irfan Zafar SALEEM Idrees ahmad NASIR Sheikh RIAZUDDIN Tayyab HUSNAIN National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology

The phytochrome B (PHYB) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana was introduced into cotton through Agrobacterium *** and expression of PHYB gene in cotton plants were confirmed by molecular *** RNA (mRNA) expression in one of the transgenic lines,QCC11,was much higher than those of control and other transgenic *** cotton plants showed more than a two-fold increase in photosynthetic rate and more than a four-fold increase in transpiration rate and stomatal *** increase in photosynthetic rate led to a 46% increase in relative growth rate and an 18% increase in net assimilation *** recorded up to two generations,both in the greenhouse and in the field,revealed that overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana PHYB gene in transgenic cotton plants resulted in an increase in the production of cotton by improving the cotton plant growth,with 35% more ***,the presence of the Arabidopsis thaliana PHYB gene caused pleiotropic effects like semi-dwarfism,decrease in apical dominance,and increase in boll size.

关键词： Transformation Gossypium hirsutum Phytochrome B Overexpression Plant growth Yield

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Pancreaticoduodenectomy: a comparison of superior approach with classical Whipple's technique

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2013年第2期12卷 196-203页

作者： Omar Javed Shah Mushtaq A Gagloo irfan Jan Khan Rayees ahmad Saleema Bano Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Sher-i- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences

BACKGROUND: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the standard procedure for resecting tumors arising from the periampullary area and the pancreatic head. Nevertheless this procedure is inherently difficult and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Besides, the technique applied for exposing the portal and superior mesenteric veins is time-consuming, difficult and associated with the risk of major venous injury. Recently we have introduced a modified approach for making this part of the procedure quick, safe and bloodless, which constitutes the subject of this study. METHODS: Patients who underwent pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) either by superior approach technique (group 1) or by classical Whipple’s technique (group 2) were retrospectively identified. Age-sex composition, body mass index (BMI), total operative time, operative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion requirement, morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Between January 1997 and December 2011, 72 patients underwent PPPD by the superior approach technique (group 1) and 38 underwent PPPD by the classical Whipple’s technique (group 2) at our institution. Statistically significant differences were observed in operative time (208.1±46.3 minutes in group 1 vs 322.0±33.8 minutes in group 2), operative blood loss (601.0±250.3 mL in group 1 vs 1371.5±471.8 mL in group 2), and intraoperative blood transfusion requirement [10 (13.9%) patients in group 1 and 24 (63.2%) in group 2]. Among 18 (16.4%) obese patients, significant differences in operativetime, operative blood loss and intraoperative blood transfusion requirement were observed between groups 1 and 2. There was no significant inter-group difference in complication rate among obese patients, but comparing obese patients with normal weight patients revealed higher rates of complications like pancreatic fistula (27.8% vs 6.5%), delayed gastric emptying (16.7% vs 5.4%), and in

关键词： superior approach technique Whipple's technique pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Exploring the potential of Sentinel-2A satellite data for aboveground biomass estimation in fragmented Himalayan subtropical pine forest

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第12期17卷 2880-2896页

作者： Mobushir Riaz KHANI Iftikhar ahmad KHAN Muhammad Hasan Ali BAIG LIU Zheng-jia Muhammad irfan ASHRAF School of Environmental Science Charles Sturt UniversityAlburyNSW 2640Australia Institute of Geo-information&Earth Observation Arid Agriculture University RawalpindiPakistan&(ii)Department of ForestAzad Jammu&Kashmir Muzaffarabad-i3100Pakistan Institute of Geo-information&Earth Observation(IGEO) PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Forestry&Range Management PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi 46300Pakistan

The Sentinel-2 A satellite having embedded advantage of red edge spectral bands offers multispectral imageries with improved spatial,spectral and temporal resolutions as compared to the other contemporary satellites providing medium resolution *** study was aimed at exploring the potential of Sentinel-2 A imagery to estimate Above Ground Biomass(AGB) of Subtropical Pine Forest in Pakistan administered *** developed an AGB predictive model using field inventory and Sentinel 2 A based spectral and textural parameters along with topographic features derived from ALOS Digital Elevation Model(DEM).Field inventory data was collected from 108 randomly distributed plots(0.1 ha each) across the study *** stepwise linear regression method was employed to investigate the potential relationship between field data and corresponding satellite *** and carbon mapping of the study area was carried out through established AGB estimation model with R(o.86),R2(0.74),adjusted R2(0.72) and RMSE value of 33 t/*** results showed that first order textures(mean,standard deviation and variance) significantly contributed in AGB predictive modeling while only one spectral band ratio made contribution from spectral *** study leads to the conclusion that Sentinel-2 A optical data is a potential source for AGB estimation in subtropical pine forest of the area of interest with added benefit of its free of cost availability,higher quality data and long-term continuity that can be utilized for biomass carbon distribution mapping in the resource constraint study area for sustainable forest management.

关键词： Field inventory Forest Biomass Sentinel 2A AGB Modelling Spectral features Textures

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Exploring Placer Gold Deposits through Integrated Geophysical and Geochemical Techniques at the Confluence of the Indus and Kabul Rivers,NW Pakistan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第5期94卷 1440-1450页

作者： Asghar ALI Khaista REHMAN Owais TAYYAB Tahir ZAMAN Mahad JAMEEL Azeem KHAN Rafique ahmad Muhammad irfan Department of Geology University of PeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120Pakistan National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120Pakistan Department of Geology The Bacha Khan UniversityCharsadda24420Pakistan

Analysis of the anomalous magnetic mineral intensities and geochemistry for placer gold deposits are presented for those of the Attock area at the confluence of the Indus and Kabul rivers in northwestern *** grids covering an area of 10 x18 m2 and 8 x10 m2 were analyzed using a G-858 Cesium Vapor *** anomalous zones obtained were plotted on contour maps,2 D and 3 D magnetic intensity *** on the magnetic anomalies,grid-1 of the study area was sampled at three different anomalous zones for geochemical *** zones contain gold concentrations,ranging from 2.11 ppm to 6.109 ppm with an average of 4.01 *** in gold concentration in the subsurface within the anomalous zones indicates that magnetometer survey followed by a geochemical analysis can potentially narrow down the gold-bearing anomalous zones.

关键词： geochemistry geophysics placer gold deposits magnetometer survey anomalous zones Pakistan

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Adaptation of Vehicular Ad hoc Network Clustering Protocol for Smart Transportation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 1353-1368页

作者： Masood ahmad Abdul Hameed Fasee Ullah Ishtiaq Wahid Atif Khan M.irfan Uddin Shaq ahmad Ahmed M.El-Sherbeeny Department of Computer Science Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan23200Pakistan Department of Computing and Technology Iqra UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Sarhad University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Islamia College PeshawarPeshawar25000Pakistan Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat2600Pakistan Department of Industrial Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11421Saudi Arabia

Clustering algorithms optimization can minimize topology maintenance overhead in large scale vehicular Ad hoc networks(VANETs)for smart transportation that results from dynamic topology,limited resources and noncentralized *** performance of a clustering algorithm varies with the underlying mobility model to address the topology maintenance overhead issue in VANETs for smart *** design a robust clustering algorithm,careful attention must be paid to components like mobility models and performance objectives.A clustering algorithm may not perform well with every mobility ***,we propose a supervisory protocol(SP)that observes the mobility pattern of vehicles and identies the realistic Mobility model through microscopic *** analytical model can be used to determine an efcient clustering algorithm for a specic mobility model(MM).SP selects the best clustering scheme according to the mobility model and guarantees a consistent performance throughout VANET *** simulation has performed in three parts that is the central part simulation for setting up the clustering environment,In the second part the clustering algorithms are tested for efciency in a constrained atmosphere for some time and the third part represents the proposed *** simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms clustering algorithms such as honey bee algorithm-based clustering and memetic clustering in terms of cluster count,re-afliation rate,control overhead and cluster lifetime.

关键词： Cluster VANET smart transportation supervisory protocol mobility models

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DeepCNN:Spectro-temporal feature representation for speech emotion recognition

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第2期8卷 401-417页

作者： Nasir Saleem Jiechao Gao Rizwana irfan ahmad Almadhor Hafiz Tayyab Rauf Yudong Zhang Seifedine Kadry Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyGomal UniversityD.I.KhanPakistan Department of Computer Science University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Department of Information Technology College of Computing and Information Technology at KhulaisUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySkaka AljoufSaudi Arabia Centre for Smart Systems AI and CybersecurityStaffordshire UniversityStoke‐on‐TrentUK School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Department of Applied Data Science Noroff University CollegeKristiansandNorway Artificial Intelligence Research Center(AIRC) Ajman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American UniversityByblosLebanon

Speech emotion recognition(SER)is an important research problem in human-computer interaction *** representation and extraction of features are significant challenges in SER *** the promising results of recent studies,they generally do not leverage progressive fusion techniques for effective feature representation and increasing receptive *** mitigate this problem,this article proposes DeepCNN,which is a fusion of spectral and temporal features of emotional speech by parallelising convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and a convolution layer-based *** parallel CNNs are applied to extract the spectral features(2D-CNN)and temporal features(1D-CNN)representations.A 2D-convolution layer-based transformer module extracts spectro-temporal features and concatenates them with features from parallel *** learnt low-level concatenated features are then applied to a deep framework of convolutional blocks,which retrieves high-level feature representation and subsequently categorises the emotional states using an attention gated recurrent unit and classification *** fusion technique results in a deeper hierarchical feature representation at a lower computational cost while simultaneously expanding the filter depth and reducing the feature *** Berlin Database of Emotional Speech(EMO-BD)and Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture(IEMOCAP)datasets are used in experiments to recognise distinct speech *** efficient spectral and temporal feature representation,the proposed SER model achieves 94.2%accuracy for different emotions on the EMO-BD and 81.1%accuracy on the IEMOCAP dataset *** proposed SER system,DeepCNN,outperforms the baseline SER systems in terms of emotion recognition accuracy on the EMO-BD and IEMOCAP datasets.

关键词： decision making deep learning

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PGE and isotopic characteristics of Shergol and Suru Valley Ophiolites,Western Ladakh:Implications for supra-subduction tectonics along Indus Suture Zone

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 473-488页

作者： irfan Maqbool Bhat Talat ahmad D.V.Subba Rao Srinivasan Balakrishnan N.V.Chalapathi Rao Department of Earth Sciences University of KashmirSrinagar 190006India Vice Chancellors Office University of KashmirSrinagar 190006India Geochemistry Division CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute(NGRI)Hyderabad 500007India Department of Earth Sciences Pondicherry UniversityPuducherry 605014India Centre of Advanced Study in Geology Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India

Present study reports the PGE-geochemistry of mantle peridotites and Nd-isotope geochemistry of arc related mafic rocks from the Indus Suture Zone(ISZ),western *** total PGE concentration of the Shergol and Suru Valley peridotites(∑PGE=96-180 ppb)is much higher than that of the primitive mantle and global ophiolitic mantle *** studied peridotites show concave upward PGE-distribution patterns with higher palladium-group PGE/Iridium-group PGE ratios(i.e.,0.8-2.9)suggesting that the partial melting is not the sole factor responsible for the evolution of these *** observed PGE-distribution patterns are distinct from residual/refractory mantle peridotites,which have concave downward or flat PGE-distribution *** enrichment of palladium-group PGE as well as other whole-rock incompatible elements(e.g.,LILE and LREE)and higher Pd/Ir ratio(1.1-5.9)reflects that these peridotites have experienced fluid/melt interaction in a supra-subduction zone(SSZ)tectonic ***,the Shergol mafic intrusives and Dras mafic volcanics,associated with the studied peridotites,have high^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd ratios(i.e.,0.512908-0.513078 and 0.512901-0.512977,respectively)and positiveε_(Nd)(t)(calculated for t=140 Ma)values(i.e.,+5.3 to+8.6 and+5.1 to+6.6,respectively),indicating derivation from depleted mantle sources within an intra-oceanic arc setting,similar to Spongtang and Nidar ophiolites from other parts of Ladakh *** transition from SSZ-type Shergol and Suru Valley peridotites to Early Cretaceous tholeiitic Shergol mafic intrusives followed by tholeiitic to calc-alkaline Dras mafic volcanics within the Neo-Tethys Ocean exhibit characteristics of subduction initiation mechanism analogous to the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc system within western Pacific.

关键词： PGE Nd-isotope Mantle peridotites Ophiolites Ladakh Neo-Tethys Ocean

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Quality of Service Aware Cluster Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3949-3965页

作者： Ishtiaq Wahid Fasee Ullah Masood ahmad Atif Khan M.irfan Uddin Abdullah Alharbi Wael Alosaimi Department of Computer Science Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan23200Pakistan Department of Computer and Information Technology Sarhad University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Islamia College PeshawarPeshawar25000Pakistan Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat2600Pakistan Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

In vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs),the topology information(TI)is updated frequently due to vehicle *** frequent changes in topology increase the topology maintenance *** reduce the control message overhead,cluster-based routing schemes are *** clusterbased routing schemes,the nodes are divided into different virtual groups,and each group(logical node)is considered a *** topology changes are accommodated within each cluster,and broadcasting TI to the whole VANET is not *** cluster head(CH)is responsible for managing the communication of a node with other nodes outside the ***,transmitting real-time data via a CH may cause delays in *** real-time data require quick service and should be routed through the shortest path when the quality of service(QoS)is *** paper proposes a hybrid scheme which transmits time-critical data through the QoS shortest path and normal data through *** this way,the real-time data are delivered efciently to the destination on ***,the routine data are transmitted through CHs to reduce the topology maintenance *** work is validated through a series of simulations,and results show that the proposed scheme outperforms existing algorithms in terms of topology maintenance overhead,QoS and real-time and routine packet transmission.

关键词： QoS VANETs routing real-time communication IoT

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On Hiding Secret Information in Medium Frequency DCT Components Using Least Significant Bits Steganography

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第3期118卷 529-546页

作者： Sahib Khan M A irfan Arslan Arif Syed Tahir Hussain Rizvi Asma Gul Muhammad Naeem Nasir ahmad Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Politecnico di Torino10129 TorinoItaly Department of Computer Engineering University of LahorePakistan Department of Statistics Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University PeshawarPakistan Department of Computer Science University of PeshawarPakistan Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Loughborough UniversityUnited Kingdom

This work presents a new method of data hiding in digital images,in discrete cosine transform *** proposed method uses the least significant bits of the medium frequency components of the cover image for hiding the secret information,while the low and high frequency coefficients are kept *** unaltered low frequency DCT coefficients preserves the quality of the smooth region of the cover image,while no changes in the high DCT coefficient preserve the quality of the *** the medium frequency components have less contribution towards energy and image details,so the modification of these coefficients for data hiding results in high quality stego *** distortion due to the changes in the medium frequency coefficients is insignificant to be detected by the human visual *** proposed methods demonstrated a hiding capacity of 43:11%with the stego image quality of a peak signal to the noise ration of 36:3 dB,which is significantly higher than the threshold of 30 dB for a stego image *** proposed technique is immune to steganalysis and has proved to be highly secured against both spatial and DCT domain steganalysis techniques.

关键词： DCT steganography image processing information security data hiding steganalyisis

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