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Prospects of shallow geothermal systems in HVAC for NZEB

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Energy and Built Environment 2021年第4期2卷 425-435页

作者： irfan ahmad Gondal US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy NUSTPakistan

Shallow geothermal systems use the thermal inertia of the earth to provide a temperature gradient between the ambient conditions and the underground *** thermal inertia can be used by the heat exchangers to provide space heating and cooling during the winters and *** paper provides a brief but broad overview of the different active and passive technologies involved in the use of heat exchangers for HVAC in order to achieve a near net zero energy *** the different types of ground heat exchangers and heat pumps are introduced along with the relevant studies of significance in this *** has been demonstrated that the different types of heat exchangers can be integrated with thermally active building envelopes and renewable energy resources to significantly minimize the building energy *** a pathway has been devised for use of ground heat exchangers to realize a net zero energy building.

关键词： Shallow geothermal energy HVAC Near zero energy building Passive technologies

Machine Learning for Organic Photovoltaic Polymers:A Minireview

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第8期40卷 870-876,I0006页

作者： Asif Mahmood ahmad irfan Jin-Liang Wang Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering in Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyKey Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of EducationBeijing100081China Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia

Machine learning is a powerful tool that can provide a way to revolutionize the material *** use for the designing and screening of materials for polymer solar cells is also *** of efficient polymeric materials for solar cells is really difficult *** have synthesized and fabricated so many *** the results and get feedback for further research requires an innovative *** this minireview,we provides brief introduction of machine *** importance of machine learning is also mentioned,and the application of machine learning for polymeric material design is *** key challenges that are hindering the wide spread use of machine are *** are also given to improve the use of data *** predictions using machine learning maybe not highly accurate but it definitely better than no prediction at all.

关键词： Machine learning Polymer solar cells Data science Descriptors Polymers

Multidimensional Model for Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Flooding: An Empirical Study in Pakistan

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 359-375页

作者： irfan ahmad Rana Jayant K.Routray Department of Urban and Regional Planning (URP) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Regional and Rural Development Planning (RRDP) and Disaster Preparedness Mitigation and Management (DPMM) Department of Development and SustainabilityAsian Institute of Technology

Urban flooding has become a regular phenomenon in many towns and cities in the Asia Pacific region over the past years. Professionals associated with disaster management and climate change are at the forefront of addressing urban flooding. To reduce flood risks,vulnerability and its components must be *** assessment methods are diverse and complex, with a varied nature of understanding the key terms used in various contexts, and this diversity ultimately reflects on the interpretation of results in research *** interpretations and definitions exist in the disaster risk and climate change literature, complicating the process of astute and comprehensive vulnerability assessment. The main purpose of this study was to quantify vulnerability indicators and develop a multidimensional model for vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability is explored through the lens of five dimensions: social, economic, physical/infrastructural, institutional, and attitudinal. This methodology is applied to urban flooding in Pakistan, to verify the proposed model. Three study sites in urban areas with different population sizes, situated in high-risk flood zones in the Punjab Province of Pakistan were selected for empirical investigation. A household survey was conducted, and indices were developed for each dimension based on welldefined indicators. The proposed methodology for vulnerability assessment was tested and found operational. This method can be replicated irrespective of spatial scales and can be modified for other disasters by streamlining hazard specific indicators.

关键词： Pakistan Punjab Urban flooding Vulnerability assessment

Assessing Multidimensional Vulnerability of Rural Areas to Flooding:An Index‑Based Approach

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 88-106页

作者： Samavia Rasool irfan ahmad Rana Hassam Bin Waseem Department of Urban and Regional Planning School of Civil and Environmental Engineering(SCEE)National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Vulnerability assessment is essential for understanding and launching effective flood risk reduction *** study aimed to examine the vulnerability of flood-prone rural communities in southern Punjab,Pakistan to external *** concept of vulnerability encompasses a range of dimensions,including physical,social,institutional,environmental,economic,and *** a composite index method,indices were developed for each dimension and combined to create a multidimensional measure of vulnerability.A sample of 365 communities was selected using the Yamane sampling technique,and data were collected through a questionnaire containing 65 indicators across all *** statistics and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the *** results show that communities near the Chenab River had higher attitudinal and institutional vulnerability compared to other *** attitudinal vulnerabilities were as sociated with poorly perceived flood risks and low preparedness measures,whereas institutional vulnerabilities were driven by conventional flood protection strategies,lack of institutional trust,and lack of flood risk *** research provides insights into the various components of vulnerability in flood-prone rural communities in Pakistan and demonstrates a useful methodology that can be applied to other disasters at different spatial scales.

关键词： Chenab River Flood hazard Indus River Pakistan-Rural areas:Vulnerability to flooding

A systematic review of urban terrorism literature:Root causes,thematic trends,and future directions

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第3期5卷 249-265页

作者： Muhammad Noor E Elahi Mirza irfan ahmad Rana Departnent of Urban&Regional Planning School of Civil&Environmental Engineering(SCEE) National University of Sciences&Technology(NUST)Sector H-12IslamabadPakistan

Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and ***,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably ***,this study seeks to address this gap by conducting a thorough examination of existing literature on terrorism,particularly focusing on urban contexts,to identify key patterns and recurring *** study identified 515 research articles using the keywords"urban"and"terrorism"through the Web of Science and Scopus databases.A bibliometric review was conducted,which included a historical background,author keywords,country and institution,citation,and co-citation *** findings revealed an increase in the number of studies on urban terrorism following the 9/11 attacks in the United States,which accounted for the highest number of publications in the *** studies were conducted in government law,international relations,and urban *** analysis revealed that counterterrorism,security,and disasters were more closely linked to *** analysis identified six main themes related to urban spaces and terrorism:tourism,governance,resilience,public health,economy,security,and *** study emphasizes the importance of involving the public in counterterrorism efforts in addition to traditional approaches to addressing urban terrorism.

关键词： Urban terrorism War on terror Intentional hazards Counterterrorism Resilient cities

Computational and bioinformatics tools for understanding disease mechanisms

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BIOCELL 2024年第6期48卷 935-944页

作者： MOHD ATHAR ANU MANHAS NISARG RANA ahmad irfan Physics Department University of CagliariCittadella UniversitariaMonserrato(CA)09042Italy Department of Chemistry School of Energy TechnologyPandit Deendayal Energy UniversityGandhinagar382426India Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia

Computational methods have signiﬁcantly transformed biomedical research,offering a comprehensive exploration of disease mechanisms and molecular protein *** article reviews a spectrum of computational tools and network analysis databases that play a crucial role in identifying potential interactions and signaling networks contributing to the onset of disease *** utilization of protein/gene interaction and genetic variation databases,coupled with pathway analysis can facilitate the identiﬁcation of potential drug *** bridging the gap between molecular-level information and disease understanding,this review contributes insights into the impactful utilization of computational methods,paving the way for targeted interventions and therapeutic advancements in biomedical research.

关键词： Interaction database Disease mechanisms Protein function Network analysis Bioinformatics Genetic variations Protein-protein interactions Signaling pathways

Engineering of responsive polymer based nano-reactors for facile mass transport and enhanced catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第10期30卷 43-52页

作者： Robina Begum Zahoor HFarooqi Zonarah Butt Qingshi Wu Weitai Wu ahmad irfan Centre for Undergraduate studies University of the Punjab New Campus Institute of Chemistry University of the Punjab New Campus State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science King Khalid University Research Center for Advanced Materials Science King Khalid University

Silver nanoparticles with average diameter of 10 ± 3 nm were synthesized within the sieves of poly（N-isopropylacrylamide-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-acrylic acid）（p（NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc））polymer microgels. Free radial emulsion polymerization was employed for synthesis of p（NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc） polymer microgels. Silver nanoparticles were introduced within the microgels sphere by in situ reduction method. Microgels and hybrid microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet-visible spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. Catalytic activity of Ag-p（NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc） hybrid microgels was studied using catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol（4-NP） as a model reaction in aqueous media. The influence of sodium borohydride（Na BH4） concentration, catalyst dose and 4-NP concentration on catalytic reduction of 4-NP was investigated. A linear relationship was found between catalyst dose and apparent rate constant（kapp）. The mechanism of catalysis by hybrid microgels was explored for further development in this area. The deep analysis of catalytic process reveals that the unique combination of NIPAAm, HEMA and AAc does not only stabilize silver nanoparticles in polymer network but it also enhances the mass transport of hydrophilic substrate like 4-NP from outside to inside the polymer network.

关键词： Polymer microgels Metal nanoparticles Hybrid microgels Catalytic degradation

Guinea pigs as an animal model for sciatic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第3期12卷 452-457页

作者： Malik Abu Rafee Amarpal Prakash Kinjavdekar Hari Prasad Aithal Sajad ahmad Wani irfan ahmad Bhat Division of Surgery Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarBareillyUPIndia Division of Veterinary Biotechnology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarBareillyUPIndia Division of Veterinary Physiology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarBareillyUPIndia

The overwhelming use of rat models in nerve regeneration studies is likely to induce skewness in treatment *** address the problem,this study was conducted in 8 adult guinea pigs of either sex to investigate the suitability of guinea pig as an alternative model for nerve regeneration studies.A crush injury was inflicted to the sciatic nerve of the left limb,which led to significant decrease in the pain perception and neurorecovery up to the 4th *** of foot print and shortening of toe spread were observed in the paw after nerve injury.A 3.49 ± 0.35 fold increase in expression of neuropilin 1（NRP1） gene and 2.09 ± 0.51 fold increase in neuropilin 2（NRP2） gene were recorded 1 week after nerve injury as compared to the normal *** of gastrocnemius muscle weight and volume of the experimental limb to control limb showed more than 50% decrease on the 30 th ***,vacuolated appearance of the nerve was observed with presence of degenerated myelin debris in digestion *** muscle also showed degenerative *** electron microscopy revealed loose and rough arrangement of connective tissue fibrils and presence of large spherical globules in crushed sciatic *** findings suggest that guinea pigs could be used as an alternative animal model for nerve regeneration studies and might be preferred over rats due to their cooperative nature while recording different parameters.

关键词： nerve regeneration Guinea pigs animal model sciatic nerve injury foot print length neuropilin histopathology neural regeneration

Red and yellow color aspects of compound 3-dicyclopropylmethylene-5-dicyanomethylene-4-diphenylmethylenetetrahydrofuran-2-one:Chromism effect

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2014年第4期25卷 609-612页

作者： Abdullah G.Al-Sehemi ahmad irfan Abdullah M.Asiri Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid University Unit of Science and Technology Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid University Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research King Khalid University Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research King Abdulaziz University

The title compound exists as yellow （1Y） and red （1R） crystals, but both gave red solutions. The intermolecular interactions between the CN parts of the crystals in IY are very weak. By the mechanical crushing as well as in solution 1Y again becomes red due to the absence of intermolecular interactions. We explain this color behavior by crystallochromism and solvation chromism.

关键词： lntermolecular interactions Crystallochromism Solvation chromism