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Prevalence and Perceptions about Migraine among Students and Patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第6期5卷 508-516页

作者： Muhammad Zahid Aftab alam sthanadar Muhammad Kaleem Muhammad Latif iram alam sthanadar Pir Asmat Ali Irum alam sthanadar Muhammad Ismail Noreen Imtiaz Mudassir Shah Department of Zoology Islamia College University Peshawar Pakistan Government Degree College Dara Adam Kheil Kohat Pakis-tan

Migraine is a common neurological disorder, prevalent in almost all over the world population and being considered as the 13th major medical disorder among other major disorders across the globe, generally characterized with unilateral or bilateral headache, nausea and vomiting. In developing world, countries like Pakistan, most of the patients are not well aware of migraine headaches, as usually taken for simple headache due to no proper awareness. Usually it is not a contagious condition and most of the time it is recoded as episodic in nature. To assess the migraine, its frequency, symptoms, usual triggers and patients’ perceptions, the present study was conducted. For this purpose a prospective study was carried out based on properly designed questionnaire. The data were collected from 7 educational institutes, including students of Islamia College Peshawar, University of Peshawar, Khyber Medical College, Engineering University Peshawar, Fatima Jinnah College Peshawar, Commerce College Peshawar and Agriculture University Peshawar. Part of data was also collected from patients visiting Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar for their headache problems. A total of 270 questionnaires were filled up. About 81 (30.00%) headache cases were recorded, fulfilling the International criteria of Headache. Out of 81 recorded cases, 31 (38.3%) patients were of migraine with aura and 50 (61.7%) were of migraine without aura condition. The prevalence of migraine in the study population was found to be 30.00%. The frequency of female migraine patients was higher i.e. 31 (34.1%) than the male sufferers 50 (27.9%). The present study clearly showed that the higher frequency (65.0%) of migraine exists in the age group of above 30 years age. The most prevalent trigger was found to be tension, which was in parallel followed by the lack of sleep or oversleeping. A family history for migraine was found in migraine patients. Usually the condition was found to limit the routine activities of p

关键词： Migraine Migraine with Aura (MWA) Migraine without Aura (MWOA) International Headache Society (IHS)

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Iron Deficiency Anemia in School Age Children in District Karak Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2014年第2期4卷 9-15页

作者： Irfan Ullah Muhammad Zahid Aftab alam sthanadar iram alam sthanadar Pir Asmat Ali Mudassirshah Muhammad Ismail Khan Muhammad Kaleem Muhammad Aslam Khayyam Atiq-Ur-Rehman Wasif Ullah Department of Zoology and Animal Sciences Post Graduate College Dargai Malakand Pakistan Department of Zoology Islamia College University Peshawar Pakistan Government Degree College Dara Adam Kheil FR Kohat Pakistan

The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in school-going children. Both Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia have considerable adverse effect on human health. Among the different negative health concerns, including stunt development, less developed immunity, lower IQ level, no proper physical work capacity, more fatigue, maternal mortality rates, young ones born with low birth weight, birth complications and infant mortality rates are some of the remarkable health concerns posed by iron deficiency level. Our study sample was consisting of 420 school age children of both genders. The blood samples were collected in EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tubes from different school and health maternity centres by trained and veteran persons. Questionnaires were utilised for the data collection, at the time of blood samples collection. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrite (Hct), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell and red blood cell (RBC) were determine by automatic hematological analyzer model Symex Ks-21 having two reagents, cell pack and Stromatolyser-wwt 500 ml. The total percentage of anemia recorded in school age children was 34.0%. In tehsil Banda Daud Shah, the incidence of anemia was high up to 43.6% while in tehsil Takhti Nasrati and Karak was 32.1% and 26.4% respectively. The percentage was higher in girls (38.9%) than in boys (31.0%). The anemia percentage was recorded high (55.8%) in lower socioeconomic family children, than middle class (32.2%) and upper class (17%). The percentage of anemic children was also high (40%) in age group of 10 - 12 years. Pale skin was the most common symptom of anemia.

关键词： Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) Red Blood Cells (RBC) Hemoglobin (Hb) Hematocrit (Hct) Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA)

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Isolation and Identification of Multi-Drug Resistant Strains of Non-Lactose Fermenting Bacteria from Clinical Isolates

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014年第2期4卷 115-123页

作者： Minhas Akbar Muhammad Zahid Pir Asmat Ali Aftab alam sthanadar Mudassir Shah iram alam sthanadar Muhammad Kaleem Muhammad Aslam Khayyam Zahirullah Syeda Mahreen Ul Hassan Noor Jehan Muhammad Ismail Khan Department of Microbiology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan Department of Zoology Islamia College University Peshawar Pakistan Department of Zoology Islamia College University Peshawar Pakistan Department of Zoology and Animal Sciences Post Graduate College Dargai Malakand Pakistan Department of Zoology Islamia College UniversityPeshawar Pakistan Government Degree College Dara Adam Kheil FR Kohat Pakistan Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar Pakistan

Purpose: We studied the drug resistance of different microbes from clinical isolates. The morphological characteristics of bacteria were observed through culture characteristics and by carrying out gram staining techniques while the biochemical characteristics of bacteria were carried out by biochemical test. Methods: A total of 324 samples were collected from suspected patients visiting different hospitals at district Peshawar. For morphological identification, samples of clinical isolates were analyzed by blood agar, MacConkey agar and Eosine Methylene Blue, identified by gram staining and characterized by different biochemical tests. Antibiotic Sensitivity test by Modified Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method was used to test the in-vitro susceptibility of the identified isolates to different antibiotics such as Ceftazidime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime and Imipenem. Results: These resistant non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria were isolated from samples of pus/wound (33.30%, n = 108/324), blood (33.30%, n = 108/324), urine (23.30%, n = 75/324) and from ascetic/pleural fluids (10.20%, n = 33/324). The study revealed that the percentage of non-fermenting bacterial infection was higher in females (53%) as compared to males (47%) along with higher infection observed in the age group of 11 - 30 years. Pseudomonas aeroginosa showed high resistance against Cefepime (88.80%), followed by Cefoperazone (55.50%), Ceftazidime (48.10%), Ceftriaxone (33.30%). Imipenem was active with low resistance (7.40%). More resistance was seen in Morganella morganii against Imipenem (66.70%) followed by Cefoperazone (55.50%), Ceftriaxone (55.50%). Cefepime showed low resistance (11%). Multi-drug resistant Proteus mirabillis was highly resistance to Ceftriaxone (74.07%), followed by Cefepime (59.20%), Cefoperazone (44.40%) and low resistance for Imipenem (25.90%). Salmonella typhi demonstrated high resistance against Imipenem (74.07%), followed by Ceftriaxone (40.70%), Ceftazi

关键词： Multidrug Resistant Non-Lactose Fermenting Gram Negative Bacteria Disc Diffusion Technique

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Phytochemistry and potential therapeutic actions of Boswellic acids:A mini-review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第6期7卷 513-523页

作者： Farah iram Shah alam Khan Asif Husain Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical SciencesJamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) Department of Pharmacy Oman Medical College

The pentacyclic triterpenic acids isolated from the oleo gum resin of various Boswellia species are collectively called as Boswellic acids(BA).The oleo gum resin obtained from Indian variety *** serrata(Family – Burseraceae) is commonly known as Salai *** resin fraction of Salai guggal is rich in Boswellic acids and its essential oil is composed of a mixture of mono,di and sesquiterpenes while gum fraction chiefly contains pentose and hexose *** oleo-gum resin is quite popular among traditional practitioners of traditional Chinese and Indian Systems of medicine owing to their wide range of useful biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,anti-arthritic,antirheumatic,anti-diarrheal,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-asthmatic,anti-cancer,anti-microbial anti-fungal,anti-complementary and analgesic activity,*** has been used as a herbal medicine since the prehistoric time to cure acute and chronic ailments including inflammatory *** investigation of this herbal medicine lead to identification of Boswellic acids which are found to be novel,potent,specific antiinflammatory agents due to non-redox inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LO) ***,the other important targets of Boswellic acids also include topoisomerases,angiogenesis,and cytochrome p450 *** review is a sincere attempt to discuss and present the current status of therapeutic potential,phytochemical as well as pharmacological profile of Boswellic acids primarily obtained from ***.

关键词： Boswellia serrata Boswellic acids Inflammation Leukotriene synthesis 5-Lipoxygenase

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals of Mohmand agency,Pakistan

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2013年第1期 72-75页

作者： Mudassir Shah Muhammad Zahid Aftab alam sthanadar Pir Asmat Ayesha Kausar Abdul Hamid Jan Department of Zoology Islamia College University PeshawarKPPakistan Department of Zoology University of PeshawarKPPakistan

Objective:To determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among domestic animals of Mohmand Agency,***:Indirect haemagglutination test was used to detect Toxoplasma gondii(***)antibodies in the ***:Out of 384 domestic animals,124(32.29%)were seropositive for antibodies of *** antibodies were detected in 56 out of 104 examined goats(53.84%).The seropositivity in male and female goats were 20(38.46%)and 36(69.23%)*** seropositivity of *** in sheep was 36%(n=100)while the prevalence in female sheep was higher(41.66%)as compared to male sheep(30.76%).A total of 8 out of 48 male cows were detected seropositive(16.66%)and 8 out of 32 female cows were detected seropositive(25%).Lowest prevalence was detected in buffaloes which was 16%(n=100).Out of 52 male buffaloes 4 were detected seropositive for *** antibodies(7.69%)while in female buffaloes was 25%(n=48).The seroprevalence of *** antibodies was higher in goats and lower in ***:The findings of the present study indicate that *** infection is high in domestic animals in Mohmand agency,Pakistan,which has implications for public health in this *** control strategies and suitable measures should be carried out rationally in this region,in order to lower the risk of exposure to ***.

关键词： Antibodies Domestic animals Seroprevalence Toxoplasma gondii

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Eslicarbazepine acetate:A therapeutic agent of paramount importance in acute anticonvulsant therapy

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Journal of Acute Disease 2017年第6期6卷 245-254,253页

作者： Farah iram Shah alam Khan Aftab Ahmad Anees A.Siddiqui Asif Husain Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchJamia Hamdard(Hamdard University)New Delhi-110062India Department of Pharmacy Oman Medical CollegeMuscatSultanate of Oman Health Information Technology Department Jeddah Community CollegeKing Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box-80283Jeddah-21589Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a new, once daily, orally administered, third generation antiepileptic drug which is indicated in the treatment of partial-onset seizures. ESL is known to exert it's anticonvulsant effect by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. Several clinical trials and pharmacological studies have revealed that seizure control was better with ESL monotherapy (1 200 or 1 600 mg once daily) following a switch from other antiepileptic drugs in comparison with pseudo-placebo patients. The studies have indicated the ESL to be well tolerated and produced only mild to moderate emergent adverse events with the therapy. Being a dibenzazepine family member, structure and chemistry of ESL resembles more or less to carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. ESL differs structurally from carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine at the 10, 11 position of dibenazepine nucleus. This molecular variation results in differences in metabolism and thus helps to prevent the formation of toxic epoxide metabolites. ESL following oral administration is rapidly metabolised to active metabolite namely S-licarbazepine which is responsible for its pharmacological activity. ESL exhibits acceptable pharmacokinetic profile and shows insignificant drug-drug interactions. In phase III clinical program, ESL was found to be efficacious and well tolerated in adult patients with partial onset seizures previously not controlled with treatment with one or two other antiepileptic drugs.

关键词： Eslicarbazepine acetate Partial-onset seizures Epilepsy Antiepileptic drugs Drug interactions

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