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From Hostess to Political Surrogate： The Evolving Role of the First Lady of the United States

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2014年第3期2卷 181-193页

作者： Allison R. levin Esq Southern Illinois University Edwardsville USA

This paper investigates the evolution of the role of the first lady of the United States, which is of particular interest because of its non-constitutional and non-formal nature that has become one of the most prominent and visible non-paid positions in the world. The first lady＇s responsibility has evolved from serving as a social hostess and a ceremonial presence at the side of the President, to serving as a spokeswoman for the country. More recently, in addition to her other duties, the first lady has acted as a political surrogate for the President. This study conducts a social movement rhetorical analysis, using the technique of discourse tracing, to examine how and why the culture of the office of the first lady has evolved. Finally, this study will add current political culture scholarship by investigating issues surrounding the 2016 presidential election.

关键词： politics first Ladies organizational culture elections

Reduced EGFR signaling enhances cartilage destruction in a mouse osteoarthritis model

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Bone Research 2014年第3期2卷 182-193页

作者： Xianrong Zhang Ji Zhu Fei Liu Yumei Li Abhishek Chandra L Scott levin Frank Beier Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto Ling Qin Department of Orthopaedic Surgery School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Wuhan University Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London ONCanada Department of Surgery The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Osteoarthritis （OA） is a degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in older adults. We have previously identified epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） signaling as an important regulator of cartilage matrix degradation during epiphyseal cartilage development. To study its function in OA progression, we performed surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus （DMM） to induce OA in two mouse models with reduced EGFR activity, one with genetic modification （, was/＋ mice） and the other one with pharmacological inhibition （gefitinib treatment）. Histological analyses and scoring at 3 months post-surgery revealed increased cartilage destruction and accelerated OA progression in both mouse models. TUNEL staining demonstrated that EGFR signaling protects chondrocytes from OA-induced apoptosis, which was further confirmed in primary chondrocyte culture. Immunohistochemistry showed increased aggrecan degradation in these mouse models, which coincides with elevated amounts of ADAMTS5 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 （MMP13）, the principle proteinases responsible for aggrecan degradation, in the articular cartilage after DMM surgery. Furthermore, hypoxia-inducible factor 2α （HIF2α）, a critical catabolic transcription factor stimulating MMP13 expression during OA, was also upregulated in mice with reduced EGFR signaling. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a primarily protective role of EGFR during OA progression by regulating chondrocyte survival and cartilage degradation.

关键词： EGFR Reduced EGFR signaling enhances cartilage destruction in a mouse osteoarthritis model

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Survival Effect of Tube Feeding in Patients with Advanced Dementia and Comorbidities

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第11期5卷 611-616页

作者： Efraim Jaul Raz levin Jacob Menczel Department of Geriatrics Institute of Osteoporosis Herzog Memorial Hospital The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem Israel Department of the Neurobiology Herzog Memorial Hospital The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem Israel Skilled Geriatric Nursing Department Herzog Memorial Hospital The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem Israel

Patients suffering from advanced dementia who have difficulties in eating and swallowing are often tube fed (TF). They suffer, on most occasions, from additional diseases. The effect of tube feeding in advanced dementia patients is controversial and is largely discussed in the medical literature. The purpose of the present study, is to report the effect of tube feeding on the survival time in patients with advanced dementia who suffered from additional diseases. One hundred and forty nine patients with Functional Assessment Stage of Alzheimer Disease (FAST) stage 5>, hospitalized in skilled geriatric nursing department between July 2008 and December 2011 were included in the study. Oral and tub feeding was decided following the evaluation by speech therapists at admission. 99 (66.5%) of the patients were tube fed and 50 (33.5%) received oral feeding at admission. The mean age was 80 ± 11. Sixty four percent of the patients were admitted from general hospitals. Comorbidities were significantly higher in the tube fed group, median survival time was 164 days. The median survival time of the OF group was 78 days (χ2 = 0.94;p = 0.33). Prevalence of tube feeding increased significantly from 53.85% to 90.9% in patients with 3 risk factors such as pressure ulcers, low Hgb and low BMI. The survival time of the tube fed patients was longer compared to patients who were orally fed. Tube feeding in patients with dementia continues to be controversial, and additional researchable data are helpful in the decision to insert a tube.

关键词： Advance Dementia Tube Feeding Survival Time

Development of the Atomic Force Microscopy Research Technique for the Nanostructures on the Vertical Edge of Thin Insulating Film

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2013年第1期3卷 18-26页

作者： Egor Gorlachev Valeriy levin Viktor Mordvintsev Yaroslavl Branch of the Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences (YB IPT RAS) Yaroslavl 150007Russia

In this work, a development of a method of a thin insulating film vertical edge visualization of metal-insulator-metal （MIM） memory cells with atomic force microscopy （AFM） using a modified Omicron UHV AFM/STM microscope was performed. This included a development of a technique of the AFM visualization of segments of a vertical edge of thin insulator SiO2 film structures on a conductive substrate, a comparison of AFM topography and current profilograms for the edge profiles, and an Omicron microscope custom upgrade. The latter allowed us to perform the AFM probe positioning to any specific area of the sample in the scanning plane by two coordinates with an order of precision of 1 micrometer. The method is illustrated with the experimental results of AFM investigations of the special MIM structures with comb-type topology, and of the cells of functioning memory matrices with 20 nm thin silicon dioxide film open edge perimeter and TiN lower electrode, including topography/current profilograms. As a conclusion, our ongoing work on the AFM visualization of a complete perimeter of a SiO2 open edge of memory cells with a special new topology with a goal to visualize conductive phase nanoparticles during switching processes is briefly overviewed.

关键词： Atomic force microscopy piezoelectric micro motor metal-insulator-metal memory cell sidewall profile.

Numerical simulation of artificial ground freezing in a fluid-saturated rock mass with account for filtration and mechanical processes

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第4期9卷 363-377页

作者： Ivan A. Panteleev Anastasiia A. Kostina Oleg A. Plekhov Lev Yu. levin Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Perm 614013 Russia Mining Institute Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Perm 614007 Russia

This study is devoted to the numerical simulation of the artificial ground freezing process in a fluid-saturated rock mass of the potassium salt deposit. A coupled model of nonstationary thermal conductivity, filtration and thermo-poroelasticity,which takes into account dependence of the physical properties on temperature and pressure, is proposed on the basis of the accepted hypotheses. The considered area is a cylinder with a depth of 256 meters and diameter of 26.5 meters and includes 13 layers with different thermophysical and filtration properties. Numerical simulation was carried out by the finite-element method. It has been shown that substantial ice wall formation occurs non-uniformly along the layers. This can be connected with geometry of the freezing wells and with difference in physical properties. The average width of the ice wall in each layer was calculated. It was demonstrated that two toroidal convective cells induced by thermogravitational convection were created from the very beginning of the freezing process. The effect of the constant seepage flow on the ice wall formation was investigated. It was shown that the presence of the slow flow lead to the delay in ice wall closure. In case of the flow with a velocity of more than 30 mm per day, closure of the ice wall was not observed at all in the foreseeable time.

关键词： artificial ground freezing numerical simulation thermogravitational convection thermo-poroelasiticity

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日本医疗保健制度的特点—平衡,谐调

中华医院管理杂志 1993年第6期9卷 379-383页

作者： levin PJ 杨玲北京友谊医院

日本的医疗保健制度完全适应于国家有序而平衡的内部结构，其组织和运行反映了日本文化的协调与平衡。日本经济的成功已在管理科学家们中引起普遍注意。医疗保健系统对保证和提高创造高生产率的劳动力的健康水平，其作用尚未引起人们更... 详细信息

日本的医疗保健制度完全适应于国家有序而平衡的内部结构，其组织和运行反映了日本文化的协调与平衡。日本经济的成功已在管理科学家们中引起普遍注意。医疗保健系统对保证和提高创造高生产率的劳动力的健康水平，其作用尚未引起人们更多的注意。

关键词：医疗保健日本卫生保健事业

Incidence and consequences of varicella in children treated for cancer in Guatemala

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第3期12卷 320-326页

作者： Amy E.Caruso Brown Edwin J.Asturias Mario Melgar Federico A.Antillon-Klussmann Pamela Mettler Myron J.levin Center for Bioethics and Humanities and Department of Pediatrics SUNY Upstate Medical University Center for Global Health and Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraColoradoUSA National Unit of Pediatric Oncology Guatemala CityGuatemala Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado Biostatistics ConsortiumColorado School of Public HealthAuroraColoradoUSA Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA

Background:Varicella-zoster virus infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in immune-compromised children,despite treatment with antiviral *** varicella vaccine programs have significantly decreased this risk in many highincome countries,but in most low-income and middleincome countries,the burden of varicella in children treated for malignancy is poorly defi ***:We retrospectively reviewed records of children at the National Unit of Pediatric Oncology(UNOP)in Guatemala diagnosed with varicella between January 2009 and March 2013 in order to calculate incidence of varicella and evaluate morbidity,mortality,treatment interruption,and ***:Fifty-nine cases of varicella were *** was 23.4 cases per 1000 person-years(p-y).66.1%of cases occurred in children with leukemia(median age 5.2 years;interquantile range 3.4-7 years)and 41.0%of these occurred during maintenance *** of exposure was identified for 14/59(23.7%)*** were hospitalized(71.2%)and given intravenous acyclovir(64.4%).Eight(13.6%)children required critical care,and two(3.4%)died from disseminated varicella with multiorgan *** was delayed or omitted due to varicella in 50%.No signifi cant differences in outcomes based on nutritional and immunologic status were *** minimum average cost of treatment per episode was 598.75 ***:Varicella is a significant problem in children treated for cancer in Guatemala,where effective post-exposure prophylaxis is *** the absence of universal varicella vaccination,strategies to improve recognition of exposure and the future use of novel inactivated vaccines currently under investigation in clinical trials could mitigate this burden.

关键词： cancer developing countries immunocompromised host oncology varicella

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大学是经济发展的火车头

清华大学教育研究 2001年第2期22卷 4-7页

作者： Richard C.levin 陈红耶鲁大学清华大学外事处北京100084

"大学是经济发展的火车头"这一主题是我作为经济学家和大学校长的经验的总结.我相信这一主题对于清华这样在科学与工程方面对中国的经济发展有卓著贡献的重要的大学也应有很多启示.

关键词：大学经济发展美国大学自由教育

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Springing

小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2023年第3期 18-19页

作者： Neal levin Michelle Hazelwood Hyde(图) 不详

How delightful!Spring is bringing everything a new *** is *** are *** are ***,*** in the park areswinging.I'm so happy spring is springing,Spring is coming.春姑娘悄悄向我们走来,挥一挥衣袖,万物复苏。ning鸟儿在歌唱,虫儿在鸣叫。草儿探着头,花儿羞答答地笑。Spring is *** is shining.你的世界里,还有哪些正在“进行时”?

关键词： Spring spring bringing