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Recovery of Chitin and Protein from Shrimp Head Waste by Endogenous Enzyme Autolysis and Fermentation

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第3期18卷 719-726页

作者： GUO na SUN Jianan ZHANG Zhaohui MAO Xiangzhao College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 China

The industrial processing of shrimp produces massive quantities of solid waste that is a notable source of animal protein, chitin, carotenoids, and other bioactive compounds that are not appropriately utilized. In the present study, chitin and protein extraction from shrimp head with autolysis and fermentation using Bacillus licheniformis were investigated. The results showed that when shrimp heads were autolyzed with a natural pH at 50℃ for 4 h, the total amino acid nitrogen in the supernatant was 5.01 mg mL^-1. Then, when a 50%(v/m) inoculum of the hydrolysate was incubated at 60℃ for 10 h, a deproteinization rate of 88.3% could be obtained. The fermented supernatant was processed into a dry protein powder, while the residues were demineralized by 10% citric acid for chitin. The recovered protein powder contained 5.5% moisture, 11.5% ash, and 66.7% protein, while the chitin contained 3.5% moisture, 2.1% ash, and 3.1% protein. In addition, amino acids, minerals, heavy metals, the degree of acetylation, microstructure, and Fourier-transform infrared(FT-ir) spectroscopy results were analyzed. Furthermore, the statistics of the large scale trial after treatment with 20 kg of shrimp heads were analyzed. Thus, this work made the shrimp waste utilization environmentally sound and valuable.

关键词： shrimp head waste endogenous enzyme autolysis fermentation chitin

Single and Double Chainlike Manganese Coordination Polymers of Linear Ligands: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetism

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2019年第2期38卷 301-307,169页

作者： ZHANG Man-Bo ZHANG na HU Rui-Xiang Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research(Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Normal University

Two single and double chain manganese coordination polymers {[Mn(L1)(H_2O)_2]NO_3}_n(1) and [Mn(L2)_2(H_2O)]_n(2)(HL1 = 2,2?:6?,2??-terpyridine-4?-carboxylic acid, HL2 = 4?-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,2?:6?,2??-terpyridine) have been synthesized hydrothermally, and characterized by elemental analysis, ir spectroscopy, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic space group P2/c, while 2 crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1. Crystal data for 1: C_(16)H_(14)MnN_4O_7, Mr = 429.25, a = 10.684(2), b = 9.338(1), c = 9.896(2) ?, β = 113.89(3)o, v = 902.7(3) ?~3, Z = 2, T = 153(2) K, Dc = 1.579 g/cm^3, μ = 0.780 mm-1, F(000) = 438, R = 0.1084, wR = 0.3507, and GOF = 1.069; For 2: C44 H30 MnN6 O5, Mr = 777.68, a = 11.255(2), b = 11.554(2), c = 15.417(3) ?, α = 107.28(3), β = 101.07(3), γ = 107.23(3)o, v = 1740.2(6) ?~3, Z = 2, T = 293(2) K, Dc = 1.484 g/cm3, μ = 0.440 mm^(-1), F(000) = 802, R = 0.0471, wR = 0.1050, and GOF = 0.948. In both compounds, the central Mn(Ⅱ) ions adopt the same distorted pentagonal-bipyramid geometry [MnN_3O_4] with different secondary structure units. L1 ligand adopts the μ_2-1κ~3N,N?,N??:2κ~2O,O? mode to coordinate with mononuclear manganese to build a single chainlike compound 1, while L2 employs μ_3-1κ~3N,N?,N??:2κ~2O,O?:3κ~1O and 1κ~1O modes to link dimeric Mn_2O_2 to exhibit a double chainlike 2. Both compounds display weak antiferromagnetic coupling interactions.

关键词： manganese compounds terpyridine derivants crystal structure magnetic property

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (2S,2'S,4'R)-2-(1-Hydroxy-1-ethylpropyl)-1-[(1'-p-tosyl-4'-hydroxypyrrolidin-2'-yl)methyl]pyrrolidine

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2006年第10期25卷 1203-1208页

作者： FU Yu-Qin DING Li-na ZHANG Sheng-Hong TAO Jing-Chao ZHU Yu Department of Chemistry New Drug Research ＆ Development Center Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China

The title compound （2S,2＇S,4＇R）-2-（1-hydroxy-1-ethylpropyl）-1-[（1＇-p-tosyl-4＇- hydroxypyrolidin-2＇-yl）methyl]pyrrolidine synthesized by using （2S,4R）-4-hydroxy-L-proline and L-proline as the main materials was characterized through ir, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR and HRMS spectra as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. There is one equivalent ethanol involved in the crystal （C23H40N2O5S, Mr = 456.63）. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1, a = 6.5628（13）, b = 8.4228（17）, c = 11.957（2）°A, α= 80.54（3）,β= 83.19（3）, γ= 89.89（3）°, v= 647.3（2） °A^3, Z = 1, D, = 1.171 g/cm^3, λ（MoKα） = 0.71073°A,β = 0.158 mm^-1, F（000） = 248, the final R = 0.0465 and wR = 0.1336 for 1769 observed reflections with I〉 2σ（I）. The adjacent molecules of compound 5 are linked through intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed by the secondary hydroxy group of one molecule with the tertiary hydroxy group of another one, and the molecular chains are further linked by ethanol through two kinds of hydrogen bonds with two molecules from different chains respectively to form a supramolecular structure.

关键词： proline derivative chiral amino alcohol synthesis crystal structure

Synthesis and Application of Novel Triazine-Based Charring-Foaming Agents in Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2017年第3期23卷 221-229页

作者： Ligong Chen Yanyan Yuan Bowei Wang na Liu Yuzhi Xing Yang Li School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) Tianjin 300072China

Three novel triazine-based charring-foaming agents (M2-CFA, M4-CFA, and M6-CFA) were synthesized successfully with only water as the solvent and were characterized by FT-ir and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). These three charring-foaming agents and the byproduct 944-by were employed to study the effectiveness of the novel intumescent flame retardant dopant on the fire retardancy of polypropylene(PP) investigated through UL-94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests. TGA results showed that the M4-CFA presented good char formation ability (char residue: 26.8% at 700 °C). It was found that the sample with a 2/1 mass ratio of APP to M4-CFA exhibited the best flame retardancy among all the PP composites: 35.5% LOI and a v-0 rating of UL-94. Additionally, the microstructure and morphology of char residues were further studied by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and SEM. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Blowing agents Flame retardants Gravimetric analysis Thermodynamic stability Thermogravimetric analysis

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of N-((3-(2-nitrophenyl) propanoyl)oxy)-N-phenylbenzamide

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2015年第5期34卷 688-694页

作者： LIU Xiao-Feng ZHANG Yang LI Jing ZHAO Jing-Si XI na HE Dian School of Life Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Institute of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical ScienceLanzhou University Lanzhou Way Biological Science and Technology Development Co. LTD

The title compound N-（（3-（2-nitrophenyl） propanoyl）oxy）-N-phenylbenzamide（C22H18N2O5,Mr = 390.38） was synthesized with nitrobenzene as the starting materials and structurally characterized by 1H NMR,13 C NMR,ir,H RMS（E-SI） and single-crystal X-ray *** crystalline structure of the title compound was studied in *** single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the compound crystallizes in monoclinic,space group P21/n,with a = 14.4481（7）,b = 8.0089（5）,c = 16.6808（9） A,α = 90.00（5）,β = 100.069（5）,γ = 90.00（5）°,Mr = 390.38,v = 1900.46（18） A^3,Z = 4,Dc = 1.364 g/cm^-3,μ = 0.098,F（000） = 816.0,the final R = 0.0530 and w R = 0.1141 for 2525 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））,R（all data） = 0.0813,w R（all data） = 0.1335,completeness to theta of 26.020 is 99.8% and GOF = *** crystal structure contains three branched chains with its center placed at the midpoint of *** phenyl ring（C（8）~C（13）） makes a dihedral angle of 83.5（1） ℃ with the phenyl ring（C（1）~C（6））,and 80.5（1） ℃with the nitro-substituted benzene ring（C（17）~C（22））,indicating that the three rings are not *** bonds（C（10）–H（10）···O（3））,（C（15）–H（15B）···O（4） and C（16）–H（16B）···O（4）） together with π-π stacking interactions stabilize the structure of the *** preliminary biological test shows that the title compound has good antitumor activity against A549 in vitro with the IC50 value of 3.17 μmol.

关键词： crystal structure synthesis N-((3-(2-nitrophenyl) propanoyl)oxy)-N-phenylbenzamide

Evaluation on a double-chamber gas-liquid phase discharge reactor for benzene degradation

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第7期21卷 135-144页

作者： Kefeng SHANG Qi ZHANG na LU nan JIANG Jie LI Yan WU School of Electrical Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering MOE of ChinaDalian 116024People’s Republic of China

A double-chamber gas-liquid phase DBD reactor(GLDR), consisting of a gas-phase discharge chamber and a gas-liquid discharge chamber in series, was designed to enhance the degradation of benzene and the emission of NOx. The performance of the GLDR on discharge characteristics,reactive species production and benzene degradation was compared to that of the single-chamber gas phase DBD reactor(GPDR). The effects of discharge gap, applied voltage, initial benzene concentration, gas flow rate and solution conductivity on the degradation and energy yield of benzene in the GLDR were investigated. The GLDR presents a higher discharge power, higher benzene degradation and higher energy yield than that of the GPDR. NO2 emission was remarkably inhibited in the GLDR, possibly due to the dissolution of NO2 in water. The benzene degradation efficiency increased with the applied voltage, but decreased with the initial concentration, gas flow rate, and gas discharge gap, while the solution conductivity presented less influence on benzene degradation. The benzene degradation efficiency and the energy yield reached 61.11% and 1.45 g k Wh-1 at 4 mm total gas discharge gap, 15 k v applied voltage, 200 ppm benzene concentration,0.2 L min-1 gas flow rate and 721 μS cm-1 water conductivity. The intermediates and byproducts during benzene degradation were detected by FT-ir, GC-MS and LC-MS primarily, and phenols,COx, and other aromatic substitutes, O3, NOx, etc, were determined as the main *** to these detected byproducts, a possible benzene degradation mechanism was proposed.

关键词： dielectric barrier discharge gas-liquid hybrid discharge benzene degradation reactive species nitrogen dioxide

Spectroscopic/Microscopic Elucid

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2019年第3期4卷 58-65页

作者： Bingwei CHEN Xinzhou WANG Weiqi LENG Yu’na KAN Changtong MEI Shengcheng ZHAI College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037

The Arundo donax is a typical fast-growing species from the family Gramineae,which is widely cultivated in *** a huge yield of *** in China,this plant offers great potential for biofuels *** different types of organization of cell and the tissue in the *** could influence the efficiency of enzymatic *** this study,*** was subjected to 0.5%(w/w)sulfuric acid(H2SO4)for pretreatment at 140℃for 10 min,20 min,40 min,and 60 min,*** changes in microstructure,chemical composition,topochemical properties were comprehensively *** a series of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-ir),X-Ray diffraction(XRD),polarized light microscopy(PLM),and confocal Raman microscopy(CRM)to obtain the correlative structural and chemical *** results of chemical composition,FT-ir spectra and XRD indicated that with increasing reaction time,more hemicellulose and lignin would be ***,there was an obvious increase of the cellulose relative crystallinity via extending reaction *** of the PLM observations showed that the birefringence gradually dimmed due to the diminishing of the cellulose ***,the CRM mapping images showed the lignin component in compound middle lamellar(CML)was difficult to remove relatively as compared with that in secondary *** results indicated that the combination of spectroscopic and microscopic elucidation could give an insightful understanding of chemical changes in cellular level during pretreatment.

关键词： Arundo donax pretreatment topochemistry cellulose lignin

基于4-(1H-吡唑-3-基)-吡啶构筑的新型Zn(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构和性质研究

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人工晶体学报 2015年第3期44卷 846-851页

作者：刘娜衡水学院应用化学系

采用水热法,合成了一个Zn(II)配位聚合物[Zn3(4-PP)4(OH)2(SO4)2(H2O)2]n(1,4-PP=4-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine),并用元素分析、红外光谱和X-射线单晶衍射对其进行了表征,测定了其热重性质和荧光性质。该配位聚合物1属于单斜晶系,P21/c群,其晶胞参数为:a=12.303(3)nm,b=6.0083(12)nm,c=25.308(5)nm,β=101.40(3)°,F(000)=1056,Dc=1.882 g/cm3,v=1833.8(6)nm3,Mr=1038.94,Z=2,μ(Mo Kα)=2.140 mm-1,R1=0.0672,wR2=0.1300。在该配位聚合物1中,金属锌(II)与SO2-4以及OH-形成纯无机的二维层状结构,而4-PP配体仅作为端基配体;二维结构进一步通过氢键的作用形成三维超分子结构。(CCDC:1007042)

关键词： 4-(1H-吡唑-3-基)-吡啶水热法锌配位聚合物晶体结构荧光性质

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Activities of naproxen-eugenol Ester Prodrug

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2013年第2期29卷 245-248页

作者： LIANG Di YANG Xiao-hong SUN Wei WANG Wen-na YANG Jin-zhu LIU yin-yan WANG Guang-shu School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China The Second Hospital Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China

The prodrug, naproxen-eugenol ester, was synthesized by acyl chloride method with naproxen and eugenol as the raw materials. The structure was identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance（~H NMR）, mass spectrometry（MS）, infrared spectrometry（ir） and X-ray diffraction. The compound was crystallized in the or- thorhombic system, space group P21212t with unit cell dimensions a=0.60563（12） nm, b=1.0234（2） nm, c=3.2654（7） nm, a=90°, β=90°, γ=90°, v=2.0240（7） nm3, Z=4. Calculated density 1.235 Mg/m3; absorption coefficient： 0.083 mm-1; F（000）=800; final R1=0.0564. The analgesic activity and anti-inflammatory were similar to those of naproxen, and the results of ulcerogenic activity indicate that the prodrug can significantly decrease the irritation after oral ad- ministration.

关键词： naproxen-eugenol ester Crystal structure Biological activity