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Sero-Prevalence of Brucellosis among Nomadic Herdsmen, Abattoir and Livestock Workers in Niger-Delta Region, Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第10期7卷 32-41页

作者： Etanguno effiong Owowo Ukponobong effiong Antia Mary Anthony Christopher iquo effiong okon Department of Microbiology Akwa Ibom State University Mkpat Enin Nigeria Health Initiative for Stability & Safety in Africa (HIFASS) Uyo Nigeria

Brucellosis is a reemerging zoonotic disease that causes more than half a million infections to humans every year. The disease is common in most developing countries, the human mortality rate is about 2%, and the disease causes severe rheumatism, infertility in males, spontaneous abortion and also results in wastage of resources through prolonged treatment. Brucella organisms are also potential biological weapon which could be cheaper to produce but more devastating than chemical weapons. About 5 mililitres of blood was drawn from 228 subjects using sterile vacutainers and analyzed by using standard tube agglutination tests: (SAT3 160) and ELISA (IgG, IgM) kits specific for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis antibodies. Semi structured questionnaire was administered to collect data. In the study, overall sero prevalence was 70 (30.8%). More male participated in the study with a frequency of 24.6% of whom 7.92% falls within the age group of 20 to 30, followed by 31 - 35 years with 5.72% and 3.52% within 36 - 45 years. Least affected were those in the age groups above 46 years (2.20%). Approximately, 21.54% of the subjects had formal education either at Quranic, primary and secondary or tertiary level. Majority acquired Quranic education (9.68%), 7.48% primary and 0.88% had tertiary training. A total of 21 (9.24%) never acquired any form of education. Headache, muscle aches, malaise, chills and fatigue were the most common clinical signs and symptoms experienced by about 30% among the participants. In the distribution of Brucella antibodies, ELISA diagnostic kits showed high sensitivity with the prevalence rate of 18.04% (n = 41) followed by SAT 12.76% (n = 29). The sensitivity and specificity of RDPT kits were 37 % and 69%, with a positive and negative predictive value of 18% and 86% respectively. Unprocessed milk from the market and consumption of unboiled milk were associated with brucellosis. Therefore, patients with brucellosis should be treated to prevent

关键词： Brucella Zoonotic Nomadic Herdsmen Rapid Brucella Diagnostic Kits Nigeria

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Occurrence of Typhoidal and Non-Typhoidal Salmonellae among Poultry Workers in the Southern, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2019年第4期9卷 201-214页

作者： Etanguno effiong Owowo Veronica J. Umoh iquo effiong okon Department of Microbiology Akwa Ibom State University (AKSU) Mkpat Enin Nigeria Health Initiative for Stability & Safety in Africa (HIFASS) Uyo Nigeria

Typhoid fever and non-typhoidal salmonellosis remain endemic in most developing countries with large scale transmission through contaminated food and drinking water. Since the early 2000s, poultry has also been found to be a common food source for Salmonella enteritidis infections. A total of 500 blood, stool, cloaca swab and egg shell swab specimens were collected respectively from poultry, non-poultry workers and birds in Akwa Ibom State and screened for Salmonella species using standard cultural and serological techniques. The overall prevalence rate was 117 (23.4%). Salmonella species were distributed in all the three senatorial districts of the State, percentage distribution of Salmonella isolates was 42 (25%) for Uyo, 35 (20.8%) for Eket and 40 (23.8%) were isolated from Ikot Ekpene senatorial districts. Out of 372 human subjects screened 77 (20.7%) were positive and 38 (20.4%) were isolated from non-poultry workers while 39 (21.0%) were isolated from poultry Staff in the three senatorial districts. Out of 128 samples of poultry products analysed 40 (31.3%) were isolated. 23 (18%) were isolated from cloaca swabs while 17 (13.3%) were isolated from egg shell swabs. In this study, all the serological significant Typhoid fever cases were confirmed by blood culture. According to sero-grouping and source of sample collection 23.9% S. typhi was isolated from human followed by S. paratyphi A (20.5%) while S. enteritidis and S. gallinarum (19.7%). Among poultry products S. gallinarum, S. enteritidis, S, pullorum, S. paratyphi A, and S. typhimurium were isolated from bird Cloaca swab and Egg shell swab. Salmonella pullorum and S. typhi were not isolated from human and poultry respectively. High prevalence of Salmonella serovars such as S. gallinarium, S. typhi, S. Typhimurium and S. enteritidis with regular consumption of poultry and eggs without proper disinfection and appropriate boiling represent a serious public health risk in Akwa Ibom State. Demographic data obta

关键词： Poultry Salmonella Poultry Workers Antibiogram

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Prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infection among Internally Displaced Persons from Bakassi Peninsular and Etim Ekpo in South Southern, Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第9期7卷 28-37页

作者： Etanguno effiong Owowo Mary Anthony Christopher iquo effiong okon Ukponobong effiong Antia Veronica Umoh Department of Microbiology Akwa Ibom State University Mkpat-Enin Nigeria Health Initiative for Stability & Safety in Africa (HIFASS) Uyo Nigeria

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), is an important global infection with a worldwide prevalence of about 40 percent. This infection is contagious and mostly acquired during childhood through the fecal-oral and oral-oral route. A total of 1560 blood specimens were aseptically collected from Internally Displaced Persons comprising female and male from the warring communities of Bakassi Peninsular and Etim Ekpo Local Government Area in South Southern, Nigeria. The specimens were screened for H. pylori using Elisa kits following standard serological techniques. The overall prevalence rate was 464 (29.7%). There was significant difference (p H. pylori infection;its distribution varied between age group, educational status, habits or behaviors of the subjects with children within 5 to 14 years having the highest rate of 274 (17.6%), followed by 78 (4.99%) from adults (51 years and above) and 17 (1.08%) from active age range of 36 - 45 years old. Subjects with primary and quranic level of education showed a total of 274 (17.56%) positive cases to H. pylori. Analysis of sex-specific distribution revealed that females had the highest prevalence of 312 (20%). The helicobacter infection shows a significant difference at (p H. pylori infection. Crowding in camps and increasing household contact have been considered as risk factors of H. pylori infection. Adequate infrastructural provision and availability of portable water with good hygienic environment will drastically reduce the high rate spread of H. pylori bacterium in the IDPs communities in Nigeria.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Internally Displaced Persons Camp

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The Influence of Gas Flare Particulates and Rainfall on the Corrosion of Galvanized Steel Roofs in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第10期2卷 1341-1346页

作者： Ajah Ekpeni Obia Hanson effiong okon Samuel Aji Ekum Eyo Effiom Eyo-Ita Ekpang Ajah Ekpeni 不详

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of air-borne particulates exuded from gas flare chambers and rainfall/rain water pH in the rusting of metallic building materials, particularly the galvanized iron roofing sheets, in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Gas flaring and rain fall in this region are rated to be amongst the highest in the world. In this experiment, specimens of the metal (galvanized iron) were exposed in the atmosphere for one year, across four sites within the region. The monthly readings of concentrations of particulate matter (aerosol) and rainfall at the sites were recorded. Equally, the average pH values of the collected rainwater were determined and recorded correspondingly. Multiple linear regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical analyses were performed on the obtained data and the outcome indicated that, with an R2 = 0.678, there was significant influence of industrial aerosol concentration, precipitation and pH on the degradation of galvanized iron roofing material in the region. It was also established that their individual influences were less than their joint impact, suggesting synergism. The ANOVA test further indicated that corrosion was severe in the industrial sites of Ibeno and Ebocha while Ekuri (the control station) recorded the least impact. This study recommends a discontinuation of gas flaring in the region while research on environmentally resilient, relatively cheap and sustainable alternative materials should be encouraged.

关键词： Galvanized Iron Gas Flares Mass Loss Pollutants Rainfall

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