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Thin layers of Fe doped ZnO deposited by spin-coating for electrolysis and photodetector applications

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年

作者： Dikra BOURAS Mamoun FELLAh Regis BARILLE Amjad iqbal hamadi FOUZIA Obrosov ALEKSEI Gamal A.EL-hITI Faculty of Science and Technology， University of Souk-Ahras Mechanical Engineering Department， ABBES Laghrour University Biomaterial， Synthesis and Tribology Research team， ABBES Laghrour-University MOLTECh-Anjou， Université d'Angers/UMR CNRS 6200 Department of Materials Technologies， Faculty of Materials Engineering， Silesian University of Technology Matter science department， ABBES Laghrour University Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Department of Optometry， College of Applied Medical Sciences， King Saud University

ZnO is nowadays not only used as an additive for the copper and cement industry， but also in medicine and cosmetic industry as part of the substitute materials of choice for the field of new technologies such as renewable energy. This study aims to investigate the effect of iron concentration on the microstructural and structural properties of ZnO for Electrolysis and Photodetector Applications. The Thin layers of un-doped and doped ZnO with different percentages of Fe （2， 4， and 6 wt.%） were deposited by spin-coating on glass substrates. Sample characterization was done by X-ray diffraction （XRD）， Atomic force microscopy （AFM）， Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）， UV-visible absorption spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Structural measurements by XRD show that all the layers are polycrystalline with a hexagonal Wurtzite structure. Two new peaks were also discovered after the doping process （400） and （440） belonging to the Fe2O4crystal phase spectrum. Morphological analysis showed that the surface roughness values of ZnO layers ranged between 8 and 45 nm. XPS studies confirmed the presence of Fe in +3 states in ZnO layers. An average transmittance of 90% was measured by UV- in the wavelength range of 200-900 nm. The values of the energy gap （Eg） decreased with an increase in the concentration of Fe. AFM topography results confirmed that ZnO-based thin layers have a relatively uniform surface. The efficiency of these samples has been confirmed for their use in many electrical applications， including photodetectors and electrolysis of contaminated solutions.

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Recent Developments in Authentication Schemes Used in Machine-Type Communication Devices in Machine-to-Machine Communication: Issues and Challenges

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 93-115页

作者： Shafi Ullah Sibghat Ullah Bazai Mohammad Imran Qazi Mudassar Ilyas Abid Mehmood Muhammad Asim Saleem Muhmmad Aasim Rafique Arsalan haider Ilyas Khan Sajid iqbal Yonis Gulzar Kauser hameed Department of Computer Engineering Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Information Technology Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineeringand Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityHofuf in Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems College of Business AdministrationKing Faisal UniversityHofuf in Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of ComputingRiphah International UniversityFaisalabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineeringand Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication plays a fundamental role in autonomous IoT (Internet of Things)-based infrastructure, a vital part of the fourth industrial revolution. Machine-type communication devices(MTCDs) regularly share extensive data without human intervention while making all types of decisions. Thesedecisions may involve controlling sensitive ventilation systems maintaining uniform temperature, live heartbeatmonitoring, and several different alert systems. Many of these devices simultaneously share data to form anautomated system. The data shared between machine-type communication devices (MTCDs) is prone to risk dueto limited computational power, internal memory, and energy capacity. Therefore, securing the data and devicesbecomes challenging due to factors such as dynamic operational environments, remoteness, harsh conditions,and areas where human physical access is difficult. One of the crucial parts of securing MTCDs and data isauthentication, where each devicemust be verified before data transmission. SeveralM2Mauthentication schemeshave been proposed in the literature, however, the literature lacks a comprehensive overview of current M2Mauthentication techniques and the challenges associated with them. To utilize a suitable authentication schemefor specific scenarios, it is important to understand the challenges associated with it. Therefore, this article fillsthis gap by reviewing the state-of-the-art research on authentication schemes in MTCDs specifically concerningapplication categories, security provisions, and performance efficiency.

关键词： Authentication cyber security internet of things machine-type communication devices machine-to-machine communication

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Medical and surgical approach to ocular surface reconstruction

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第1期9卷 43-59页

作者： Daniella Lent-Schochet Asim Dhungana Inae Jang Kim hassan shah Asim V.Farooq Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA

Ocular surface disease(OSD)can have a severe impact on patients as it can lead to visual impairment and persistent *** surface reconstruction(OSR)is an approach to the management of ocular diseases that cause structural damage to the ocular *** encompasses both medical and surgical treatment *** this review,we discuss the medical and surgical strategies used in *** management often aims to treat tear insufficiency,inflammation,and *** treatments may be employed for a variety of reasons,including failure of medical *** may include improving the oculo-palpebral structures in order to improve lid positioning and tear *** therapies focus on improving tear production,such as through salivary gland *** situations where the ocular surface is so severely damaged that there is loss of limbal stem cells,limbal stem cell transplant(LSCT)may be *** surgeries such as amniotic membrane transplant(AMT)and conjunctival flaps(CFs)can help promote corneal ***,in severe situations where the cornea is beyond salvage,corneal transplantation,such as a penetrating keratoplasty(PKP),can be *** often requires a combination of medical and surgical approaches targeted to each specific patient’s presentation in order to achieve optimal outcomes.

关键词： Ocular surface reconstruction(OSR) ocular surface disease(OSD) amniotic membrane transplant(AMT) limbal stem cell transplant(LSCT) eyelid reconstruction

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Free vibration and buckling analysis of polymeric composite beams reinforced by functionally graded bamboo fbers

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 543-562页

作者： h.M.FEIZABAD M.h.YAS Department of Mechanical Engineering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

Natural fibers have been extensively researched as reinforcement materials in polymers on account of their environmental and economic advantages in comparison with synthetic fibers in the recent *** fibers are renowned for their good mechanical properties,abundance,and short cycle *** beams are one of the fundamental structural components and are susceptible to mechanical loads in engineering applications,this paper performs a study on the free vibration and buckling responses of bamboo fiber reinforced composite(BFRC)beams on the elastic *** different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform one are the considered distributions for unidirectional long bamboo fibers across the *** elastic properties of the composite are determined with the law of *** hamilton’s principle,the governing equations of motion are *** generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)is then applied to the equations to obtain the *** achieved outcomes exhibit that the natural frequency and buckling load values vary as the fiber volume fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of the beam ***,a comparative study is conducted between the derived analysis outcomes for BFRC and homogenous polymer beams to examine the effectiveness of bamboo fibers as reinforcement materials,demonstrating the significant enhancements in both vibration and buckling responses,with the exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beams on the Pasternak foundation with the FG-◇fiber ***,the obtained analysis results of BFRC beams are also compared with those for carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CNTRC)beams found in the literature,indicating that the buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beams are lower than those of CNTRC beams.

关键词： bamboo fiber free vibration buckling analysis functionally graded(FG)beam elastic foundation generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)

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A Comprehensive Classification and Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms Over Solar Cycle 24

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 75-84页

作者： Raja Adibah Raja halim shah Nurul Shazana Abdul hamid Mardina Abdullah Adlyka Annuar Idahwati Sarudin Zahira Mohd Radzi Akimasa Yoshikawa Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiMalaysia Space Science Centre(ANGKASA) Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiMalaysia Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiMalaysia School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPulau PinangMalaysia Malaysian Space Agency(MYSA) Kuala Lumpur50480Malaysia International Research Center for Space and Planetary Environmental Science(i-SPES) Kyushu University819-0395 FukuokaJapan

A geomagnetic storm is a global disturbance of Earth?s magnetosphere,occurring as a result of the interaction with magnetic plasma ejected from the *** considerable research,a comprehensive classification of storms for a complete solar cycle has not yet been fully developed,as most previous studies have been limited to specific storm *** study,therefore,attempted to present complete statistics for solar cycle 24,detailing the occurrence of geomagnetic storm events and classifying them by type of intensity(moderate,intense,and severe),type of complete interval(normal or complex),duration of the recovery phase(rapid or long),and the number of steps in the storm?s *** analysis was applied to data from ground-based magnetometers,which measured the Dst index as provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism,Kyoto,*** study identified 211 storm events,comprising moderate(177 events),intense(33 events),and severe(1 event)*** 36%of ICMEs and 23%of CIRs are found to be geoeffective,which caused geomagnetic *** to four-step development of geomagnetic storms was exhibited during the main phase for this solar *** showed the geomagnetic storms developed one or more steps in the main phase,which were probably related to the driver that triggered the geomagnetic storms.A case study was additionally conducted to observe the variations of the ionospheric disturbance dynamo(Ddyn)phenomenon that resulted from the geomagnetic storm event of 2015July *** attenuation of the Ddyn in the equatorial region was analyzed using the h component of geomagnetic field data from stations in the Asian sector(Malaysia and India).The variations in the Ddyn signatures were observed at both stations,with the TIR station(India)showing higher intensity than the LKW station(Malaysia).

关键词： (Sun)sunspots-Sun activity-(Sun)solar-terrestrial relations-Sun coronal mass ejections(CMEs)

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Optimizing the utilization of maize silage in forage blends-based rations to improve production performance and reduce methane emissions from fattening calves

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 75-81页

作者： Khalid Farooq Asad Sultan Assar Ali shah Rifat Ullah Khan Rajwali Khan Ghazala Yasmeen Nazir Ahmad Khan Faculty of Animal husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25130Pakistan Pakistan Scientific and Technological Information Center(PASTIC) Islamabad 44000Pakistan

This research investigated the effect of various mixtures of maize silage and ryegrass fodder on nutrient digestibility,production performance,and methane(Ch4)emission of fattening ***-four fattening calves((228±10)kg body weight(BW),(280±5)d of age)were allocated to 8 diets for 84 d,according to a randomized complete block design,and the blocks were balanced for BW,age,and *** diets consisted of 4 levels of maize silages,i.e.,40%(MS40),50%(MS50),60%(MS60),and 70%(MS70)in the maize silage and ryegrass fodder mixture on a dry matter(DM)basis,and each of the mixture was supplemented with either low(LC,1.0%BW)or high(hC,1.5%BW)levels of fattening *** results revealed greater(ph MS70-LC *** highest(phC *** maximum(ph4 emission was recorded in MS70-LC,MS70-hC,and MS60-hC as compared to other *** 70%maize silage in the ryegrass-maize silage based diet improved ADG by 174 g/d with LC *** is concluded that the optimum inclusion level of maize silage and ryegrass in the fattening ration can improve animal production performance and reduces Ch4 production and concentrate requirements of fattening calves.

关键词： average daily gain farm-grown forages forage mixture fattening calves maize silage ryegrass fodder

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Chemical resistance tests on PP-ternary nanocomposite for its application in bioreactor liner fabrication

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第8期54卷 2217-2223页

作者： FARIDA Yusof SALAWUDEEN T.Olalekan QASIM h.shah MA'AN F.Alkhatib SULEYMAN A.Muyibi Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Research Group Department of Biotechnology Engineering Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia

Continuous usage of bioreactor causes early degradation of most bioreactor liner materials due to the effects of various chemicals, consequently resulting in contamination in the bioprocess. Performance of PP-ternary nanocomposite (PPTN) for its potential application in the fabrication of bioreactor liner material was investigated in this study. The chemical resistance of the composite samples obtained was tested by exposing them to chemicals such as acid, alkaline, water and bacterial solutions, according to ASTM 543-06, and their effects on the composite samples were carefully observed. Specifically, the investigation focused on the changes in the physico-mechanical properties of PPTN following long term of exposure to these chemicals. The results show slight increase in the weight and dimensions of samples in the first few days, followed by constant reading for the period of 4 weeks. The performance in terms of physical properties was in the range of PPTN with 0.61% MWCNT > PPTN 0.45% > PPTN 0.17%. The maximum percentage change in tensile properties, observed in this study, was approximately 10% against PPTN (0.17%), which indicates stable mechanical properties of the composite and invariably suggests that the nanocomposites could serve as a better alternative for bioreactor liner fabrication.

关键词： bioreactor chemical resistance liner material MWCNT melt intercalation polypropylene ternary nanocomposite

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human Bite Mark: A Digital Analytical Pilot Study

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第3期10卷 184-190页

作者： Nidhi Susan Suresh Jigna S shah Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Government Dental College and HospitalAhmedabadGujaratIndia

Background:Bite mark identification is based on the individuality of a dentition and helps in identifying the *** use of three-dimensional(3D)analysis of forensic evidence is highlighted in comparison with traditional *** has been used in registering bite mark on food *** our knowledge this is the first study where CBCT is used to register bite mark from human *** and Objective:To signify the potential of CBCT in registering and analysing the bite mark on human skin and to analyse various identifying *** and Method:60 subjects of either sex were asked to bite their own forearm and alginate impression of the maxillary and mandible dentition was taken and cast was *** bitemark and cast was subjected to CBCT scanning and parameters like arch shape,inter canine width,mesio distal dimension of anterior teeth,and individual characteristics like rotation,buccal/lingual tilting of teeth was noted and compared and assigned a score using simplified version ofABFO scoring ***:highly significant result with 56.6%definite match,26.66%probable match and 16.66%possible match were obtained using ***:CBCT is a non-destructive,accurate,efficient,objective and reproducible *** of all parameter mesio-distal dimension of teeth is the best parameter to judge the bitemark on skin.

关键词： Arch shape bite mark buccal/lingual tilting cone-beam computed tomography intercanine distance mesiodistal dimension rotation

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Toward a comprehensive hypothesis of oxygen-evolution reaction in the presence of iron and gold

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 172-183,I0005页

作者： Negah hashemi Jafar hussain shah Cejun hu Subhajit Nandy Pavlo Aleshkevych Sumbal Farid Keun hwa Chae Wei Xie Taifeng Liu Junhu Wang Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour Department of Chemistry Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences(IASBS)Zanjan 45137-66731Iran Center for Advanced Mössbauer Spectroscopy Mössbauer Effect Data CenterDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina Key Lab of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage CenterCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Advanced Analysis Center Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea Institute of Physics Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 02-668Poland National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of hybrid Nanomaterials Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina Center of Climate Change and Global Warming Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences(IASBS)Zanjan 45137-66731Iran Research Center for Basic Sciences&Modern Technologies(RBST) Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences(IASBS)Zanjan 45137-66731Iran

This study investigates the effects of Fe on the oxygen-evolution reaction(OER)in the presence of *** distinct areas of OER were identified:the first associated with Fe sites at low overpotential(~330 mV),and the second with Au sites at high overpotential(~870 mV).Various factors such as surface Fe concentration,electrochemical method,scan rate,potential range,concentration,method of adding K_(2)Fe O_(4),nature of Fe,and temperature were varied to observe diverse behaviors during OER for Fe O_(x)h_(y)/*** amounts of Fe ions had a significant impact on OER,reaching a saturation point where the activity did not increase *** electronic interaction between Fe and Au ions was indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)*** situ visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Fe O_(4)^(2-)during *** situ Mossbauer and surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)analyses suggest the involvement of Fe-based species as intermediates during the rate-determining step of OER.A lattice OER mechanism based on Fe O_(x)h_(y)was proposed for operation at low *** functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that Fe oxide,Fe-oxide clusters,and Fe doping on the Au foil exhibited different activities and stabilities during *** study provides insights into the interplay between Fe and Au in OER,advancing the understanding of OER mechanisms and offering implications for the design of efficient electrocatalytic systems.

关键词： DFT calculation Fe/Au electrocatalysis Mechanism Oxygen evolution Water oxidation

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Entropy generation minimization in the Carreau nanofluid flow over a convectively heated inclined plate with quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction:A Stefan blowing application

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Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： B.Lavanya J.Girish Kumar M.Jayachandra Babu C.S.K.Raju Bander Almutairi Nehad Ali shah Department of Mathematics Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Mathematics S.V.A Government CollegeSrikalahasti 517644India Department of Mathematics GITAM School of Science(GSS)GITAMBangaloreKarnatakaIndia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea

Entropy analysis can help to identify the sources of entropy generation in a heat transfer process more accurately than other methods,such as energy efﬁciency *** is because entropy analysis takes into account the quality of energy as well as its ***-noﬂuids have already been shown to have superior heat transfer characteristics compared to conventionalﬂ*** blowing can further enhance the heat transfer capabilities of nano-ﬂuids by increasing the massﬂux and turbulence at the *** can be beneﬁcial in a wide range of applications,such as heat exchangers,electronic cooling,and solar energy *** convective boundary condition accounts for heat transfer effects,inﬂuencing temperature distribution and the thermal boundary *** on the direction of heat transfer,the convective boundary condition can induce cooling or heating effects on the inclined *** has practical implications for various engineering applications,such as the cooling of electronic devices or heating in industrial *** nanofluids have a wide range of potential applications in heat transfer,energy storage,drug delivery,and food *** research investigates how the presence of Stefan blowing affects the properties of Carreau nanofluid flow across a convectively heated tilted *** and mass transport phenomena are studied using quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction *** mathematical model for this work is based on the Buongiorno *** governing equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations and then solved using the bvp4c *** parameters such as the mass transfer rate can be visualized using bar *** study’s primary findings are that when the Weissenberg number increases,the velocity rises and the concentration profile declines due to Brownian *** is discovered that,when 0.5≤γ≤3(the inverse porosity parameter),the friction factor declines by 0.34001(

关键词： Thermal radiation BVP4C Stefan blowing Biot number Brownian motion Irreversibilit

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