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Odorant discrimination using functional near-infrared spectroscopy of the main olfactory bulb in rats

Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation 2013年第1期4卷 89-93页

作者： inwon jung Kyungjin You Hyunchool Shin Chinsu Koh Hyungcheul Shin Jaewoo Shin Dept.of Electronic Engineering Soongsil UniversitySeoul 156-743Korea Dept.of Physiology College of MedicineHallym UniversityChuncheon 200-702Korea

We characterize the hemodynamic response changes near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS） during the presentation of in the main olfactory bulb （MOB） of anesthetized rats with three different odorants：（i） plain air as a reference （Blank）, （ii） 2-heptanone （HEP）, and （iii） isopropylbenzene （Ib）. Odorants generate different changes in the concentrations of oxy- hemoglobin. Our results suggest that NIRS technology might be useful in discriminating various odorants in a non-invasive manner using animals with a superb olfactory system.

关键词： brain-machine interface(BMI) functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) main olfactory bulb(MOB) oxyhemoglobin(HbO2) Beer-Lambert law maximum likelihood estimation(MLE)

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Preventing condensation of objective lens in noncontact wide-angle viewing systems during vitrectomy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第11期11卷 1809-1813页

作者： jung Pil Lee Jinsoo Kim inwon Park Ho Ra Soonil Kwon Department of Ophthalmology Incheon Medical Center Department of Ophthalmology Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Department of Ophthalmology Bucheon St.Mary's Hospital Bucheon College of Medicine the Catholic University of Korea

AIM： To assess the optimal conditions for preventing condensation of objective lens during vitrectomy with noncontact wide-angle viewing systems（WAVSs）. METHODS： We explored the effectiveness of the coating with ophthalmic viscoelastic device（OVDs） on the corneal surface and the soaking the objective lens in warm-saline for preventing condensation of objective lens. First, to find the optimal soaking time to keep the objective lens warm, we measured the temperature of objective lens every minute after soaking in warm saline. Second, to find optimal distance between cornea and objective lens, which provide as wide a view as possible and less condensation at the same time, we measured the condensation time with different distances. With the obtained optimal soaking time and distance, we explored the effect of coating cornea with OVDs and soaking objective lens in warm saline on condensation ***： One and 5 min of soaking in warm saline was most effective for keeping the lens warm enough（45.1℃±2.1℃ for 1 min and 46.4℃±1.0℃ for 5 min, P=0.109）. The mean condensation times for the control group at 1, 3, and 5 mm from corneal surface to objective lens were 1±0.4, 4±1.4, 190±26.1 s, respectively, thus 5 mm was most optimal distance for vitrectomy with WAVSs. For the OVD coating group, the mean condensation times were 1.5±0.3, 13±1.4, and 200±23.9 s at 1, 3, and 5 mm distance and borderline significant compared with control group（P=0.068, 0.051, and 0.063, respectively）. With the 1-minute warm saline soaking group, the mean condensation time were extended to 188±34.4, 416±65.7, and 600±121.3 s at 1, 3, and 5 mm distance and statistically significant compared with control（P=0.043, 0.041 and 0.043, respectively）.CONCLUSION： OVD coating on corneal surface shows no difference on condensation time with control group. However, soaking the objective lens in warm saline revealed statistically significant extension of condensation time compared to control group. Therefore, k

关键词： condensation vitrectomy warm saline wide angle viewing systems

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