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纤维素催化转化为高附加值化学品的研究进展(英文)

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催化学报 2011年第5期32卷 716-722页

作者： Hirokazu kobayashi Atsushi FUKUOKA Catalysis Research Center Hokkaido University

Currently,under huge pressure from energy demands and environmental problems,much attention is being paid to biomass conversion,which will play an important role in meeting the requirements for a sustainable *** the most abundant biomass on earth, cellulose is usually used as the first research target for biomass *** this review,the recalcitrant structure of cellulose is discussed and non-catalytic hydrolysis by hot-compressed water and catalytic hydrolysis using solid acids are then *** also review the catalytic conversion of cellulose into valuable chemicals including hexitols(sorbitol and mannitol),ethylene glycol,and related compounds using various heterogeneous catalysts.

关键词： biomass cellulose heterogeneous catalyst glucose sorbitol hot-compressed water hydrolysis hydrogenation

A rice mutant displaying a heterochronically elongated internode carries a 100 kb deletion

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2011年第3期38卷 123-128页

作者： Mika Hayashi-Tsugane Masahiko Maekawa Qian Qian Hirokazu kobayashi Shigeru Iida Kazuo Tsugane National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama University Kurashiki 710-0046 Japan Global Center of Excellence Program University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai) Okazaki 444-8585 Japan

We have isolated a recessive rice mutant, designated as indeterminate growth （ing）, which displays creeping and apparent heterochronic phenotypes in the vegetative period with lanky and winding culms. Rough mapping and subsequent molecular characterization revealed that the ing mutant carries a large deletion, which corresponds to a 103 kb region in the Nipponbare genome, containing nine annotated genes on chromosome 3. Of these annotated genes, the SLR1 gene encoding a DELLA protein is the only one that is well characterized in its function, and its null mutation, which is caused by a single base deletion in the middle of the intronless SLR1 gene, confers a slender phenotype that bears close resemblance to the ing mutant phenotype. The primary cause of the ing mutant phenotype is the deletion of the SLR1 gene, and the ing mutant appears to be the first characterized mutant having the entire SLR1 sequence deleted. Our results also suggest that the deleted region of 103 kb does not contain an indispensable gene, whose dysfunction must result in a lethal phenotype.

关键词： Heterochronic Elongated intemode Large deletion Map-based cloning Rice genome

Modeling three-dimensional forest structures to drive canopy radiative transfer simulations of bidirectional reflectance factor

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第10期11卷 981-1000页

作者： Wei Yang Hideki kobayashi Xuehong Chen Kenlo Nishida Nasahara Rikie Suzuki Akihiko Kondoh Center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba UniversityChibaJapan Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyYokohamaJapan State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan

Three-dimensional(3-D)Monte Carlo-based radiative transfer(MCRT)models are usually used for benchmarking in intercomparisons of the canopy radiative transfer(RT)***,the 3-D MCRT models are rarely applied to develop remote sensing algorithms to estimate essential climate variables of forests,due mainly to the difficulties in obtaining realistic stand structures for different forest biomes over regional to global ***,some of important tree structure parameters such as canopy height and tree density distribution have been available *** enables to run the intermediate complexities of the 3-D MCRT *** consequently developed a statistical approach to generate forest structures with intermediate complexities depending on the inputs of canopy height and tree *** aims at facilitating applications of the 3-D MCRT models to develop remote sensing retrieval *** proposed approach was evaluated using field measurements of two boreal forest stands at Estonia and USA,*** demonstrated that the simulations of bidirectional reflectance factor(BRF)based on the measured forest structures agreed well with the BRF based on the generated structures from the proposed approach with the root mean square error(RMSE)and relative RMSE(rRMSE)ranging from 0.002 to 0.006 and from 0.7%to 19.8%,*** of the computed BRF with corresponding MODIS reflectance data yielded RMSE and rRMSE lower than 0.03 and 20%,*** the results from the current study are limited in two boreal forest stands,our approach has the potential to generate stand structures for different forest biomes.

关键词： Bidirectional reflectance factor remote sensing forest structure radiative transfer model

Hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column improves liver function after ischemia-reperfusion injury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第36期15卷 4571-4575页

作者： Hiroaki Sato Kiyohiro Oshima Katsumi kobayashi Hodaka Yamazaki Yujin Suto Izumi Takeyoshi Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine3-39-15 Showa-machiMaebashiGunma 371-8511 Japan Intensive Care Unit Gunma University Hospital3-39-15 Showa-machiMaebashiGunma 371-8511 Japan

AIM： To investigate the usefulness of direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column （DHP-PMX therapy） for warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） injury after total hepatic vascular exclusion （THVE） using a porcine model. METHODS： Eleven Mexican hairless pigs weighing 22-38 kg were subjected to THVE for 120 min and then observed for 360 min. The animals were divided into two groups randomly： the DHP-PMX group （n = 5） underwent DHP-PMX at a flow rate of 80 mL/min for 220 min （beginning 10 rain before reperfusion）, while the control group did not （n = 6）. The rate pressure product （RPP）： heart rate x end-systolic arterial blood pressure, hepatic tissue blood flow （HTBF）, portal vein blood flow （PVBF）, and serum aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels were compared between the two groups. RESULTS： RPP and HTBF were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in the DHP-PMX group than in the control group 240 and 360 min after reperfusion. PVBF in the DHP-PMX group was maintained at about 70% of the flow before ischemia and differed significantly （P 〈 0.05） compared to the control group 360 min after reperfusion. The serum AST increased gradually after reperfusion in both groups, but the AST was significantly （P 〈 0.05） lower in the DHP-PMX group 360 min after reperfusion. CONCLUSION： DHP-PMX therapy reduced the hepatic warm I/R injury caused by THVE in a porcine model.

关键词： Ischemia-reperfusion injury Total hepaticvascular exclusion Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column

SEM Observation of the Wing Membrane of Beipiaopterus chenianus (Pterosauria)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第6期79卷 766-769页

作者： LU Junchang kobayashi Yoshitsugu YUAN Chongxi JI Shu＇an JI Qiang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Hokkaido University Museum Hokkaido UniversityN10 W8 Kita Ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan

The cross-section and surface structures of wing membranes from the ctenochasmatid pterosaur Beipiaopterus chenianus were observed through a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results show that the wing membrane contains a high density of blood vessels, implying strong thermoregulatory function, similar to that of a bat wing membrane. This is the first comparison of the microstmctures of pterosaur wing membranes with those of the modem bat. It is inferred that a bat-like physiology exists, at least in relatively small pterosaurs suggesting that these pterosaurs were warm-blooded, active fliers.

关键词： Beipiaopterus wing membrane microstructures SEM

Research progress in interface modification and thermal conduction behavior of diamond/metal composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第2期29卷 200-211页

作者： Ping Zhu Pingping Wang Puzhen Shao Xiu Lin Ziyang Xiu Qiang Zhang Equo kobayashi Gaohui Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology School of Material Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150001China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo 152-8550Japan

Diamond/metal composites are widely used in aerospace and electronic packaging fields due to their outstanding high thermal conductivity and low ***,the difference in chemical properties leads to interface incompatibility between diamond and metal,which has a considerable impact on the performance of the *** improve the interface compatibility between diamond and metal,it is necessary to modify the interface of *** paper reviews the experimental research on interface modification and the application of computational simulation in diamond/metal *** computational simulation with experimental methods is a promising way to promote diamond/metal composite interface modification research.

关键词： diamond/metal interface modification thermal conductivity computational simulation

HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF NICKEL-BASE ALLOY 718

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第4期17卷 345-349页

作者： K.kobayashi K.Yamaguchi M.Hayakawa M.Kimura National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 JapanNational Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 JapanNational Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 JapanNational Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan

The fatigue properties of nickel-base Alloy 718 with fine- and grain-coarse grains were investigated. In the fine-grain alloy, the fatigue strength normalized by the tensile strength was 0.51 at 107 cycles. In contrast, the fatigue strength of the coarse-grain alloy was 0.32 at the same cycles, although the fatigue strengths in the range from 103 to 105 cycles are the same for both alloys. The fracture appearances fatigued at around 106 cycles showed internal fractures originating from the flat facets of austenite grains for both alloys. The difference in fatigue strength at 107 cycles between the fine- and coarse-grain alloys could be explained in terms of the sizes of the facets from which the fractures originated.

关键词： aerospace material fatigue high temperature internal fracture,facet

Endoscopic biliary drainage for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer with obstructive jaundice who are to undergo gemcitabine chemotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第45期12卷 7299-7303页

作者： Osamu Takasawa Naotaka Fujita Go kobayashi Yutaka Noda Kei Ito Jun Horaguchi Sendai City Medical Center Gastroenterology 5-22-1 Tsurugaya Miyaginoku Sendai Miyagi 983-0824 Japan

AIM: To assess optimum endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) in cases with unresectable pancreatic cancer in the era of gemcitabine (GEM). METHODS: Thirty patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, who presented with jaundice and underwent chemotherapy using GEM after EBD were included in this study (GEM group). Fifteen cases with the same clinical manifestation and stage of pancreatic cancer treated with EBD alone were also included as controls. A covered metallic stent (CMS) or a plastic stent (PS) was used for EBD. The mean survival time (MST) in each group, risk factors of survival time, type of stent used and associated survival time, occlusion rate of stent, patency period of stent, and risk factors of stent occlusion were evaluated. RESULTS: MST in the GEM group was longer than that in the control (9.9 mo vs 6.2 mo). In the GEM group, the survival time was not different between those who underwent metallic stenting and those who underwent plastic stenting. Stent occlusion occurred in 60% of the PS group and 7% of the CMS group. The median stent patency in the PS-GEM group and the CMS-GEM group was 5 mo and 7.5 mo, respectively. Use of a PS was the only risk factor of stent occlusion. CONCLUSION: A CMS is recommended in cases presenting with jaundice due to unresectable pancreatic cancer, since the use of a CMS makes it possible to continue chemotherapy using GEM without repetition of stent replacement.

关键词： Gemcitabine chemotherapy Endoscopic biliary drainage Covered metallic stent Pancreatic cancer Unresectable pancreatic cancer Obstructive jaundice

Research Activities of Nanodimensional Standards Using Atomic Force Microscopes,Transmission Electron Microscope,and Scanning Electron Microscope at the National Metrology Institute of Japan

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第2期5卷 83-90页

作者： Ichiko Misumi Ryosuke Kizu Hiroshi Itoh Kazuhiro Kumagai Keita kobayashi Tomoo Sigehuzi National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST Tsukuba Central 51-1-1 HigashiIbaraki305-8565TsukubaJapan

With the progress in nanotechnology,the importance of nanodimensional standards is *** nanodimensional standards requires multiple types of high-precision microscopy *** National Metrology Institute of Japan(NMIJ),one of the research domains in the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST),is developing nanodimensional standards using atomic force,transmission electron,and scanning electron *** current status of nanodimensional standards in NMIJ is introduced herein.

关键词： Nanodimensional standards Calibration Uncertainty AFM TEM SEM