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Mineral industry and regional development in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1998年第1期8卷 2-11页

作者： Zhang Leiinstitute of geography, cas, Beijing 100101, CHINA

This paper represents an exploratory undertaking to analyse the positive aspects of mineral activity in regional development during the past over 40 years in China The results of applying factor analysis and cluster analysis indicate that: the SocioEconomic Development Factor dominates the general pattern of China's regional disparities; the development of specialized mineral activities reinforces the structure through improving the leading position of core regions as a result of developments in rawmaterial manufacturings; mineral development can further regional development through the inception of a national integrated transport system; for most developing areas, mineral industry can act as a key instrument to stimulate and sustain regional development only in terms of their resource perspectiveplentiful resources equals good growth prospects,while scanty resources equates with much poorer prospects Examination of the factor loading pattern reveals that there are only four variables which have positive loadings across all factors These variables provide an insight into the characteristics of early industrialization in China: firstly, the structural transformation from an agrarian society to one rooted in industry in a country can cause a great increase in mineral consumption; secondly, under this pressure, the system of production becomes heavily engaged in the development of mineral processing; thirdly, mineral development can further regional development through the inception of a national integrated transport system; and finally, all the developments can provide the region with great opportunities for achievement of social wellbeing conductive with the “takeoff' point”

关键词： mienral activity regional development the centreperiphery structure

CHALLENGES AND CORRESPONDING POLICIES FOR CHINA'S URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1996年第1期6卷 72-77页

作者： Gu Chaolin(institute of geography, cas, Beijing 100101People’s Republic of China) Inst of geography CAS Beijing 100101 China

Since the late 1970s, China'S economy has been growing very fast with an average rate of over 8 percent annually. Urbanization has become the indicator of economic and secial deveopment in China. Rapid growth of oromy in China pushed the process of urbanization. Since 1978, China's urban non-agricultural population has grown from under 113.4 million in 1977 to 176.09 million in 1993. The number of cities increased from 188 to 617 in 1994. With urban economic activities making up an increasing share of GDP, preductivity of urban economy will heavily influence economic growth. In eastern coastal area, because economy of larger scale and agglomeration has been made more productive, the forces contributing to urban growth bome *** number of cities has increased from 78 to 247 since 1980. Urban population was over 90 million. The urbanization level reached 31.5 peed. Four megalopolises have been emerged, they are : the Shanghai -Nanjing-Hangzhou region, the Pearl River Delta region, the Beijing-Tianjin- Tangshan region and the Shenyang-Dalian region. According to statistics, the area of these four regions occupies about 2.6 perat of China's total territory, but their GDP has exceeded 35 percent of the country's total. However, the rapid urbanization also resulted in a series of problems on deveopment and environment.

关键词： urbanization environmental protection sustainable development urban fringe China

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PROCESSESOF WANDERING-BRAIDED RIAVER CHANNEL EVOLUTION

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International Journal of Sediment Research 1999年第2期14卷 31-38页

作者： Ouyang ZHANG Desheng JIN and Hao CHEN (institute of geography, cas, Beijing, 100101, China)

Based upon the experimental study on bed-making of wandering-braided river channel with an approach of process-response model, both spatial and temporal processes in the channel evolution are analyzed. The spatial and temporal processes can substitute for each other in the river channel evolution by analyzing the horizontal processes and the variation of variables of river channel system. Thus, the existence of ergodic hypothesis is newly and firmly rectified in the laboratory. By this finding the complex response can be divided into temporal complex response and spatial one according to the objective situations concerned, and the concept of the spatial and temporal complex response is consequently put forward and rectified with the experimental data.

关键词： Ergodic hypothesis Complex response Wandering-braided river channel Experimental study

Issues and policies on China's sustainable human settlement

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1998年第1期8卷 25-32页

作者： Liu Yiinstitute of geography, cas, Beijing 100101, CHINA

勃睮t is one of the major tasks to achieve sustainable human settlement for China's socioeconomic development within the coming century The sustainable development of human settlements is closely related to the development of the economy, the utilization of natural resources and environmental protection As a developing country China is facing a series of issues to achieve the sustainable human settlement, which should be rationally laid out with comprehensive facilities convenient for working and living, and which have clean, quiet and comfortable environments The policy of reform and opening to the outside world have accelerated national social and economic development and promoted urban development in China The rural population is continuously flowing into the cities and towns in increasing numbers Therefore, it is necessary not only to continue to improve the housing standards for the current urban population, but also to meet the needs of the newcomers The movement of great numbers of people and the increased circulation off goods and materials, combined with an increase in the number of motor vehicles, has meant that traffic problems are becoming a major issue in the development of human settlements The infrastructure is under pressures from the growth in urban population and from rising production and living standards The shortage of natural resources is another challenge to be faced in developing human settlements in China A low technological level and the improper use of resources has aggravated the severity of the problem In cities, the amount of land currently being used for industrial purposes is relatively high as compared with other land uses Approximately 70 percent of industries are located in the cities and in many areas, factories and housing are intermixed, a major factor affecting the environment of urban residential areas The taking up of arable land by the village and township enterprises is another serious problem Settlements in tow

关键词： human settlement urbanization sustainable development housing China

Canonical correlation analysis to land-use structure and its driving forces——Taking Yulin Prefecture as an example

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1998年第2期8卷 73-79页

作者： ZHANG Minginstitute of geography, cas, Beijing 100101 CHINA

In this paper, one of the most classical statistical methods, Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is applied to identify quantitatively the driving forces of landuse structure in Yulin Prefecture. The main analysis is carried out through the software SPSS with the data on the level of towns and townships in 1992. The results indicate that landuse structure is determined by comprehensive action of different factors. Landuse structure with rural characteristics is mainly determined by geographical factors such as the elevation, temperature and precipitation, while the landuse structure with urban characteristics is mainly determined by demographic and socioeconomic conditions. At the same time, tests were carried out through the canonical correlation coefficient and redundancy analysis.

关键词： Canonical Correlation Analysis Redundancy Analysis landuse and landcover change driving force

The supporting capability of Water and land resources for sustainable increase of yield in North China Plain

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1998年第2期8卷 80-85页

作者： ZHANG Hongyeinstitute of geography, cas, Beijing 100101 CHINA

The potential of yield increase in the North China Plain is about 30 billion kg by ameliorating the low yield and medium low yield farmlands and 4 billion kg by reclaiming unused land. Water shortage will be the main limitation to the further increase of grain crop yield. The amount of water shortage is 8 200 million m3 at present, and will be 17 720 million m3 in 2 000. Yield increase can not be realized by using more water in the future. Other factors such as decrease of the area of cultivated land and the grain crop growing area, deterioration of environment and destruction of resources will also affect the development of grain production. Some suggestions have been proposed in the paper for attaining sustainable increase of yield in the plain.

关键词： North China Plain yield increase grain crop water and land resources

THE COMPARISON OF SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE IN CHINA BETWEEN GCM MODEL CLIMATE AND OBSERVED CLIMATE

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1992年第2期 58-82页

作者： Wei-Chyung Wang Zhang Yi institute of geography,cas Atmospheric Science Research Centre State University of New York at Albany

In the presentstudy,we compare the observed surface air temperature in China with those simulated from the NCAR general circulation *** results indicate that1 x CO2model climate is similar to observation climate over China,especially in the eastern partof *** model summer temperature calculated is in better agreement,but winter is *** mean temperature differences between model climate and observed climate of summer,autumn,winter and spring are 1.08℃,1.16℃,1.85℃and 1.26℃*** annual mean temperature difference is 1.12℃.

关键词： model climate observed climate spatial-climate equation

AN APPROACH ON SEVERAL PROBLEMS OF CHINA'S URBANIZATION DEVELOPMENT

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1996年第2期6卷 35-41页

作者： Chen Wen(Nanjing institute of geography & Limnology, cas, Nanjing 210008People’s Republic of China) Nanjing Inst of Geogr + Limnology CAS Nanjing 210008 China

China, having urique national conditions, is facing a basic contradiction between large numbers of less educated surplus rural labor forces and limited capacities of urban employment and infrastructure on the urbanization ***, the urbanization model should prevail in comprehensive and several ways: (1)On occupational and spatial shift rural surplus labors, two fashions of 'leaving land bot not countryside' and 'leaving both land and countryside' should be integrated with joint effort of cities and countryside. (2) On urbanization motive, urban construction will be invested by not only the govermment (from the upper), but the locality, personnel and foreigners (from the lower). (3) On urban scales, metropolis,large, medium-sized and small cities and towns should play fully their roles to absorb rural surplus lanors. Thereby, the present urban development policy needs to be rectified, which this paper has discussed particularly. (4) On account of great regional disparities in China, urban development should perform different models in different regions. In addition, this paper has also focused on the problem and its primary countermeasures of 'labor force mass', a hot issue closely related to urbanization and rural labor transfer.

关键词： national conditions urban development model urban development policy,rural labor mass

THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-DISTANCE OILPIPELINE ENGINEERING

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1996年第1期6卷 78-83页

作者： Wang Jinghua Mu Congru(institute of geography, cas, Beijing 100101People’s Republic of China) institute of geography CAS Beijing 100101 China

The oilfield construction and long-distance oil pipeline engineering has been developed extensively in China. The risk assessment of oil industry will, however, be an important objective to cope with the development of oil industry , The risk assessment of oil industry has many subjects worthy to be *** major purpose of the paper is to research the risk cases of long-distance oil pipeline engineering in Ganshu and Shaanxi provinces.

关键词： long-distance oil pipeline risk assessment engineering Gansu Shaanxi