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Water Security Problem in North China: research and Perspective

Pedosphere 2005年第5期15卷 563-575页

作者： XIA Jun LIU Meng-Yu JIA Shao-Feng Key Laboratory of Water Cycle ＆Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 （China） State Key Laboratory of Water resources ＆ Hydropower Engineering sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072（China） Center for Agricultural resources research Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050021 （China）

This paper addresses the emergence of water security problems in North China with the aim of highlighting key waterresources management and water security issues for the long-term development of North China. Three key problemsrelated to water resources and security issues in North China in the 21st century are addressed, namely 1) the watercycle under environmental change, 2) agricultural water saving, and 3) water security. Development of internationalresearch related to these issues is also reviewed. The research plan developed recently by the chinese academy of sciences(CAS) is discussed and suggestions on research and development of water resources science in North China are *** to focus on experimental catchments and dedicated research stations, a detailed knowledge of the water cycle onNorth China farmland has been compiled. A range of techniques that include isotope tracers has been used to acquirehydrologic data. Much research has been devoted to developing distributed hydrological models at different scales. In thewell irrigation district, five different water saving irrigation regimes have been investigated, and these regimes have hadwidespread application, and reduced water use 60-150 mm while they increased water use efficiency (WUE) by 20%-30%.Furthermore, preventing water pollution is the most essential step to ensure North China’s water security.

关键词： environmental change North China water cycle water resources water security

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Environmental Implication of Intensive Farming Practices on North China Plain

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chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2005年第3期3卷 11-20页

作者： Zhen Lin 1, Zhou Hailin 2 & Xie Gaodi 1 1 institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101 , China 2 The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21, beijing 100089, China institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China The Administrative Center for China’s Agenda 21 Beijing 100089 China

The current pressure on production resources of North China Plain, such as land and water to feed the growing population, necessitates the assessment of the sustainability of farming practices. This study focuses on the sustainability of farming practices related to groundwater and soil fertility management. The assessment is based on selected site-specific key indicators and their established threshold limits. The current farming practices in the study area are clearly unsustainable. Only about 6% of the surveyed farm households practice sustainable farming. The study stresses that farming practice, which is economically sustainable, should not be promoted at the cost of environment. Holistic strategies need to be developed and implemented that aim at balanced use of inputs, which satisfy both productivity and environmental concerns.

关键词： sustainability indicators threshold values farming practices environmental implication

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Underplating in the middle-lower Yangtze Valley and model of geodynamic evolution:Constraints from geophysical data

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第7期48卷 985-999页

作者： Lü Qingtian, HOU Zengqian, YANG Zhusen & SHI Danian institute of Mineral resources,chinese academy of Geological sciences,beijing 100037,China institute of Mineral resources Chinese Academy of Geoloqical Sciences Beijina 100037 China

The lower crust and Moho are the most active boundary layers in the process of continental evolution, in which marks left by tectonic and magmatic activities during the process are preserved. The evolutionary process of the continental lithosphere may be reconstructed by exploring the structures of the lower crust and Moho. According to a study of the deep seismic reflection data obtained from the middle-lower Yangtze Valley, the authors find bright layered reflections ubiquitous in the lower crust and think that the bright reflections are caused by un-derplating of basic or ultrabasic magmas, which might be related to delamination of the lithosphere. On the basis of an integrated analysis of the geophysical and geological data of the region, the authors propose a model for geodynamic evolution of the middle-lower Yangtze Valley. This model suggests that the middle-lower Yangtze Valley had undergone such geodynamic processes as collision-compression, delamination-extension and underplating-melting since the end of the Permian, finally forming the gigantic middle-lower Yangtze Valley metallogenic belt.

关键词： lower crust deep seismic reflection underplating tectonic evolution.

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Current situation and trend of arable land change in China

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Journal of geographical sciences 2000年第3期10卷 28-34页

作者： Received date: 1999-11-02 MENG Xiang-jing1 , JIA Shao-feng 2 (1.institute of Population research, People’s University of China, beijing 100872, China 2. institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research, chinese academy of sciences, beiji 中国人民大学北京中科院地理科学与资源所北京

How to protect arable land in the process of economic development and urbanization is a critical issue in China. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze the situation of arable land change in China and it's relationship with population growth, economic development and urbanization. In depth analysis is also made in different regions. Forecasting is conducted to show the trend of arable land change in China based on the results of correlation analysis. Some suggestions are put forward for the policy making of reasonable utilization and protection of arable land in the future.

关键词： arable land change population growth economic development urbanization

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Functionally assessing the sustainability of regional ecosystem services:a case study of Hohhot City

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research in Cold and Arid Regions 2010年第2期2卷 175-184页

作者： Ling Feng institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,China chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res 9 Datun Rd Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

"The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital" by *** et *** 1997 is generally regarded as a monument to the research of valuing ecosystem ***,the classification of ecosystem services,the method of various services summation,and the purpose for static global value had many *** on a summary of these criticisms and suggestions,further study direction—on the sustainability of ecosystem services—is *** two basis indicators in ecology—productivity and biodiversity,respectively characterize the ability of producing and self-organizing—not only represent the internal function of ecosystem,but also can be proportioned to its external function of supporting and providing for human ***,the two indicators combined could physically assess the sustainability of ecosystem services based on the traditional procedure of Costanza’*** case study of Hohhot City in 1995-2005 shows that the new model reflects the changes of ecosystem services at spatial and temporal scale,and the functionally adjusted assessment shows the sustainability of Hohhot City became gradually stronger during the study *** due to the enormous value per unit of water ecosystem,the minimal loss of water area leads to the final result being opposite to the processing analysis,which gives a clue to the further experimental testing research.

关键词： ecosystem services sustainability bio-productivity biodiversity

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Delineation of boundary between tropical/subtropical in the middle section for eco-geographic system of South China

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Journal of geographical sciences 2001年第1期11卷 80-86页

作者： WU Shao-hong, ZHENG Du (institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research, CAS, beijing 100101, China) institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research CAS Beijing China

This paper discusses division on tropical/subtropical boundary of middle section in South China. This discussion results in new understanding on eco-geographic regions and their boundaries, especially on gradual changes of natural conditions between eco-geographic regions. It analyzes results of the same area by other researchers, clarifies differences and causes of the differences for the results. Boundaries of eco-geographic regions cannot be drawn as a line as changes from tropical to subtropical are gradual. Therefore, for an eco-geographic region like tropical zone, definite boundaries must be mapped while gradual changes are considered. Temperature, vegetation and soil are the indexes to divide tropical and subtropical. After indexes of tropical zone are confirmed, data of annual average index reflect general state of the tropical zone. Line from such data is called “tropical boundary”. On the other hand, affected by the monsoon climate, some years are hotter and some are cooler. In hotter years, temperature of north area of tropical boundary reaches tropical state whereas in cooler years, such area moves southward. Boundary of the hottest year is called annual tropical line and that of the coolest year true tropical line. Temperatures in areas south to annual tropical line can probably reach tropical in some years. Temperatures in areas south to real tropical line reach tropical every year. The area from true tropical to annual tropical is called tropical fluctuating zone. Therefore, new concepts of tropical, annual tropical, true tropical and tropical fluctuating zone are formed to understand tropical area from a new point of view in the paper. Based on the indexes of climate, vegetation and soil, boundaries of tropical, annual tropical, true tropical and tropical fluctuating zone of the study area are established. The tropical fluctuating zone explains different locating of different researchers. The paper also puts forward a new method to display boundary

关键词： eco-geographic region tropical annual tropical true tropical tropical fluctuating zone

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Unfavorable Influence of Cold Water Irrigation on Rice and the Now Available Prevention and Cure of Measure

Unfavorable Influence of Cold Water Irrigation on Rice and t...

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国际农业工程大会

作者： Baohui Meninstitute of geographical sciences and natural resources research chinese academy of sciences beijing 100101.

＜正＞ To counter this present situation of well irrigation rice in Jian Sanjiang region, the paper introduces the unfavorable influence of cold-water irrigation on rice. Through water conservancy measures, in order to prevent the cold-water harm of well irrigation rice from taking place, before the cold water enters paddy field, the water temperature must be increased. It is very significant for Hei Longjiang province to promote the development of

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Study of the Optimization and Adjustment ofthe IndustrialStructure Subjected to Water Resource in the Drainage Area of the Yellow River

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chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2004年第1期2卷 48-53页

作者： Wang Haiying, Fan Zhenjun, Hou Xiaoli, Dong Suochenginstitute of geographical sciences and natural resources research, CAS, beijing 100101, China institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China

Since the 1990s, the Yellow River stream has been temporarily interrupted for several years, which affects the development of society, the economy and human life, limits the economic potential of the drainage areas, and especially causes great harm to regions on the lower reaches. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the development of society and economy and water scarcity, the author thinks it is necessary to optimize and adjust the industrial structure that has extravagantly consumed enormous amounts of water, and to develop ecological agriculture, industry and tourism which are balanced with the ecological environment. Finally, the author puts forward several pieces of advice and countermeasures about how to build the economic systems by which water can be used economically.

关键词： drainage areas of the Yellow River water scarcity industrial structure optimize and adjust

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Monitoring Dynamic Change of Land Cover Based on SVM and Satellite Images in Hanoi,Vietnam

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Wuhan University Journal of natural sciences 2010年第4期15卷 355-362页

作者： ZHAO Jinling1,2, LIU Chuang1, 3 1. institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, China 3. College of resources Science and Technology, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, China institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China College of resources Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing China

An integral method,combining support vector ma-chine (SVM) with remote-sensing analysis techniques,was ex-plored to monitor Hanoi’s dynamic change of land cover. The landsat thematic mapper (TM) image in 1993,the enhanced the-matic mapper plus (ETM+) image in 2000,and the image with the charge-coupled device camera (CCD) on the China-Brazil earth resources satellite (CBERS) in 2008 were used. Six land-cover types,including built-up areas,woodland,cropland,sand,water body and unused land,were identified. The detected results showed visually the rapid urban expansion as well as land-cover change of Hanoi from 1993 to 2008. There were 12 637.54 hm2 cropland de-creased between 1993 and 2000,and 8 227.6 hm2 cropland de-creased between 2000 and 2008. Compared with cropland,wood-land firstly decreased and then increased,and the other types did not change significantly. The results indicate that CBERS dataset has the application potential in world resources researches.

关键词： land cover the China-Brazil earth resources satellite (CBERS) support vector machine (SVM) change detection

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A study of scale effect on specific sediment yield in the Loess Plateau,China

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Science China Earth sciences 2007年第1期50卷 102-112页

作者： YAN YunXia & XU JiongXin institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research, chinese academy of sciences Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, China institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Based on data from 148 hydrometric stations in the Yellow River Basin, an analysis of regional scale relationship, or the relationship between specific sediment yield and drainage basin area, has been undertaken in the study area of the Loess Plateau. For different regions, scale relationship in log-log ordinate can be fitted by two types of lines: straight and parabola, and for each line, a function was fitted using regression analysis. The different scale relationships have been explained in terms of the difference in surface material distribution and landforms. To offset the scale-induced influence, calcu-lation has been done based on the fitted functions, in order to adjust the data of specific sediment yield to a common standard area. Based on the scaled data, a map of specific sediment yield was con-structed using Kriging interpolation. For comparison, a map based on the un-scaled data of specific sediment yield was also constructed using the same method. The two maps show that the basic pattern of specific sediment yield was basically the same. The severely eroded areas (Ys >10000 t km-2a-1) were at the same locations from Hekouzhen to Longmen in the middle Yellow River Basin. However, after the adjustment to a common standard area, the very severely eroded area (Ys >20000 t km-2a-1) became much enlarged because after the adjustment, all the values of Ys in the lower river basin in those regions became much larger than before.

关键词： Loess Plateau erosion scale effect specific sediment yield.

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