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Effect of Cultivation on Spatial Distribution of Nematode Trophic Groups in Black Soil

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Pedosphere 2003年第2期13卷 97-102页

作者： LIANG WENJU, LI QI, JIANG YONG, CHEN WENBO and WEN DAZHONGshenyang Experimental Station of ecology, institute of applied ecology, the chinese academy of sciences, shenyang 110016 (china) shenyang Experimental Station of ecology Institute of Applied Ecology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

Geostatistics combined with GIS was applied to assess the spatial distribution of nematode trophic groups following two contrasting soil uses in the black soil region of Northeast china. Two plots, one with fallow for 12 years and the other cultivated, were marked on regular square grids with 2-m spacing. Soil samples were collected from each sampling point, nematodes were extracted from these samples and classified into four trophic groups: bacterivores, fungivores, plant parasites, and omnivores/predators. The numbers of total nematodes and trophic groups analyzed had normal distributions on both fallow and cultivated plots. The absolute abundances of total nematodes and trophic groups were observed to be much more homogeneous on cultivated plot than on fallow one. Geostatistical analysis showed that the densities of total nematodes and trophic groups on both fallow and cultivated plots exhibited spatial dependence at the sampled scale and their experimental semivariograms were adjusted to a spherical or exponential model, except those of bacterivores and fungivores on cultivated plot. The spatial distribution of nematode trophic groups was found to be different for the two land uses, indicating that cultivation changed the native condition for soil nematode activities.

关键词： cultivation GIS, soil nematode spatial distribution trophic group

Rapid ecotoxicological assessment of heavy metal combined polluted soil using canonical analysis

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2003年第6期15卷 854-858页

作者： CHEN Su-hua, ZHOU Qi-xing, SUN Tie-heng, LI Pei-jun (institute of applied ecology, chinese academy of sciences, shenyang 110016, china. institute of applied ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

Quick, simple to perform, and cheap biomarkers were combined in a rapid assessment approach to measure the effects of metal pollutants, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in meadow burozem on wheat. Analysis of orthogonal design showed that the significant zinc factor indicated both the inhibition rate of shoot mass and that of root elongation were affected by zinc(P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The first toxicity canonical variable (TOXI), formed from the toxicity data set, explained 49% of the total variance in the toxicity data set; the first biological canonical variable(BIOL) explained 42% of the total variation in the biological data set. The correlation between the first canonical variables TOXI and BIOL (canonical correlation) was 0.94 (P<0.0001). Therefore, it is reliable and feasible to use the achievement to assess toxicity of heavy metal combined polluted soil using canonical analysis. Toxicity of soil combined polluted by heavy metals to plant community was estimated by comparing the IC 50 values describing the concentration needed to cause 50% decrease with grow rate compared to no metal addition. Environmental quality standard for soils prescribe that all these tested concentration of heavy metals in soil should not cause hazard and pollution ultimately, whereas it indicated that the soils in second grade cause more or less than 50% inhibition rates of wheat growth. So environmental quality standard for soils can be modified to include other features.

关键词： heavy metal combined pollution ecological toxicity canonical analysis

Activity and Composition of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in an Aquic Brown Soil as Influenced by Land Use and Fertilization

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Pedosphere 2010年第6期20卷 789-798页

作者： YU Wan-Tai,XU Yong-Gang,BI Ming-Li,MA Qiang and ZHOU Hua institute of applied ecology,chinese academy of sciences,shenyang 110016 (china) [a] institute of applied ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 (China)

The effects of long-term (19 years) different land use and fertilization on activity and composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in an aquic brown soil were investigated in a field experiment in Liaoning Province,*** 19-year experiment conducted from 1990 to 2008 involved seven treatments designed: cropping rotation of soybean-corn-corn with no fertilizer (control,CK),recycled manure (RM),fertilizer nitrogen (N),phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) (NPK),NPK+RM,and no-crop bare land,mowed fallow,and non-mowed *** results showed that the potential nitrification rates of the RM,NPK+RM,mowed fallow,and non-mowed fallow treatments were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the CK and NPK treatments,indicating that the long-term applications of recycled manure and return of plant residues both significantly increased the activity of *** the application of NPK did not enhance soil potential nitrification because of decreased pH,available K had an important effect on potential *** gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint profiles showed that no-crop treatments had an increase in the diversity of the AOB community compared to the CK,RM,and NPK treatments,implying that agricultural practices,especially tillage,had an adverse effect on the soil AOB *** NPK+RM treatment had the most diverse DGGE patterns possibly because of the increased available P in this treatment.A phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the DGGE bands derived belonged to Nitrosospira cluster 3,not Nitrosospira cluster *** demonstrated that different land use and fertilization significantly influenced the activity and composition of the AOB community by altering the soil properties,mainly including pH,total C,available K,and available P.

关键词： community composition denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis nitrification Nitrosospira phylogenetic analysis

Modeling diameter distribution of the broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest on Changbai Mountains of china

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2006年第z1期49卷 177-188页

作者： WANG Shunzhong, DAI Limin, LIU Guohua, YUAN Jianqiong, ZHANG Hengmin & WANG Qingli institute of applied ecology, chinese academy of sciences, shenyang 110016, china Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china State Key Lab of Systems ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china institute of applied ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China State Key Lab of Systems ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest is a native vegetation in the Changbai Mountains, northeast china. The probability density functions including the normal, negative exponential, Weibull and finite mixture distribution, were used to describe the diameter distributions of the species groups and entire forest stand. There is a strong correlation between parameters and mean DBH except the shape parameters in the mixture distribution. The diameter classes of species and entire forest stand showed not negative exponential but normal and "S" distribution. The mixture function was better than normal and Weibull to describe the model distribution. The location parameter had an effect on the estimated frequency in the first diameter class, when the estimated location parameter was bigger than the lower limit of the first diameter class.

关键词： broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest, diameter distribution, finite mixture distribution.

Fractionation of heavy metals in shallow marine sediments from Jinzhou Bay,china

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2010年第1期22卷 23-31页

作者： Shaofeng Wang, Yongfeng Jia, Shuying Wang, Xin Wang, He Wang, Zhixi Zhao, Bingzhu LiuKey Laboratory of Pollution ecology and Environmental Engineering, institute of applied ecology, chinese academy of sciences, shenyang 110016, china. [a] Key Laboratory of Pollution ecology Environmental Engineering Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

This work investigated the distribution and speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn in the shallow sediments of Jinzhou Bay, Northeast china, which has been heavily contaminated by nonferrous smelting activities. The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb in sediments were found to be 100, 13 and 7 times, respectively, being higher than the national guideline （GB 18668-2002）. Sequential extraction test showed that 39%-61% of Cd were exchangeable fractions, indicating that Cd in the sediments posed a high risk to local environments. While Cu and Pb were at moderate risk levels. According to the relationships between percentage of metal speciation and total metal concentration, it was concluded that the distributions of Cd, Cu and Pb in some geochemical fractions were dynamic in the process of pollutants migration and the stability of metals in sediments of Jinzhou Bay decreased in the order of Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Cd.

关键词： heavy metals sediment pollution fractionation Jinzhou Bay risk assessment

The roles of a decision support system in applying forest ecosystem management in Northeast china

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2006年第z1期49卷 9-18页

作者： DAI Limin, ZHENG Bofu, Guofan Shao & ZHOU Li State Key Lab of Systems ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china institute of applied ecology, chinese academy of sciences, shenyang 110016, china Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china 1. State Key Lab of Systems ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China2. Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China3. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA4. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Forest ecosystems provide a variety of services and forest ecosystem management (FEM) is an effective approach to maximize the services. Because of the complexity of forest ecosystems, the applications of FEM can be facilitated with decision support systems (DSS) that recognize and incorporate ecological and socio-economic variables. With the rapid development of computation and information technologies, DSS have been advanced in many ways. Traditional forest management within a forestry unit in china is planned on a yearly basis. The planning itself remains primarily a verbal concept as there are no quantitative decision-support tools available to translate the concept into forest management actions. For the purposes of FEM at the management level, a forest management DFF, FORESTAR, has been developed under a framework of geographic information system (GIS) and forest models. The paper explained the intelligent modeling mechanisms and demonstrated how the applications of FEM can be strengthened with the applications of FORESTAR.

关键词： forest functions, forested landscapes, forest services, forest models, geographic information systems.

Digital forestry research in china

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2006年第z1期49卷 1-8页

作者： TANG Shouzheng, TANG Una, Guofan Shao & DAI Limin Research institute of Resource Information Techniques, chinese academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, china institute of applied ecology, chinese academy of sciences, shenyang 110016, china Departmet of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Graduate University, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china Research institute of Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China institute of applied ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Department of Forestry Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Digital Forestry as a concept was developed after the Digital Earth program. The chinese scientists were not only among the pioneers who first proposed the concept of Digital Forestry, but also contributed a lot to the development of Digital Forestry. Digital Forestry is a digital framework to maintain forest planting, management, using, and protect. The synergetic use of computationally-intensive quantitative methods together with information technologies is the most important foundation for the development of Digital Forestry. Under this situation, the experience of Digital Forestry development in china is relatively rich. A number of academicians, scholars, and professional administrators were involved in discussing the Digital Forestry Construction Scheme. The Project of Digital Forestry Practicability approved by the State Forestry Administration is a major instance in developing Digital Forestry standard and key techniques. By introducing a case study of Digital Forestry, this paper reviews the concept of Digital Forestry, the way turning traditional forestry into Digital Forestry, and the future development of Digital Forestry.

关键词： Digital Forest, Digital Earth, Digital Forestry standard, Digital Forestry techniques.

Estimation of forest volumes by integrating Landsat TM imagery and forest inventory data

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2006年第z1期49卷 54-62页

作者： GU Huiyan, DAI Limin, WU Gang, XU Dong, WANG Shunzhong &WANG Hui institute of applied ecology, chinese academy of sciences, shenyang 110016, china School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, china State Key Lab of Systems ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china 1. institute of applied ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China 2. School of Forestry Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China 3. State Key Lab of Systems ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 4. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

Accurate information about forest volumes is essential for forest management planning. The survey interval of the Forest Resource Inventory of china (FRIC) is too long to meet the demand for timely decision-making required for forest protection, management, and utilization. Analysis of satellite imagery provides good potential for more frequent reporting of forest parameters. In this study, we describe an application of the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) method to Landsat TM imagery for improving estimation of forest volumes. Several spectral features were tested and compared in forest volume estimations, including normalized difference vegetation index, environmental vegetation index, and the combination of the spectral features. The combined index resulted in the most accurate volume estimations. The kNN estimator and the combined index were then used in forest volume estimation. The estimation error (RMSE) of the total volume was44.2%, much lower than those for Larix forest (the RMSE was 51.7%) and those for the Korean pine and broadleaved forests (the estimation errors were over 71.7% and 88.19%,respectively). This preliminary study demonstrates the potential of forest volume estimations with remote sensing data to provide useful information for forest management if only limited ground information is available.

关键词： forest inventory, landsat TM, k-nearest neighbors, spectral extraction.

Digitally determining forest inventory units with an ecological classification system

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2006年第z1期49卷 118-127页

作者： TANG Una, WANG Qingli, Guofan Shao, DAI Limin, WANG Shunzhong, LI Xiufen & XU Dong institute of applied ecology, chinese academy of sciences, shenyang 110016, china Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA 1. institute of applied ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100101 China 3. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

Management-level forest resource data in china were obtained with a combination of two forest inventories. However, inconsistencies in the spatial attributes of forest data vary between the two inventory types and between two inventories of the same type. The inconsistencies make it inconvenient for long-term forest management planning with digital technologies. Ecological Land Types (ELTs) and Ecological Land Type Phases (ELTPs) have been mapped in selected forestry regions in northeast china, where important forest industries are located. The boundaries of ELTs are determined by geomorphic conditions, which are quantified by Digital Elevation Models (DEM); ELTPs are classified by overlaying ELTs with forest vegetation data layers that are obtained with both remotely sensed and ground data. The ELTPs represent the divisions of land in terms of both natural and human-induced forest conditions, and therefore they are reliable units for forest inventories and management. This paper introduces a case study for digitally determining forest inventory units in Benxi City, Liaoning Province, northeast china. The general objective of the study was to explain how a compatible forest inventory system should be designed and why the compatible forest inventory system was significant to digital forestry in china.

关键词： forest inventory, ecological classification, ELT mapping, ELTP mapping, geographic information systems, forest management.