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Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients:A descriptive analysis

World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第3期9卷 203-210页

作者： Suresh Kumar Arumugam insolvisagan mudali Gustav Strandvik Ayman El-Menyar Ammar Al-Hassani Hassan Al-Thani1 Trauma Surgery Section Department of SurgeryHamad General HospitalDohaQatar Clinical Research Trauma Surgery SectionHamad General HospitalDohaQatar Clinical Medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeDohaQatar

BACKGROUND:We sought to evaluate the risk factors for developing ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)and whether the location of intubation posed a risk in trauma ***:Data were retrospectively reviewed for adult trauma patients requiring intubation for>48 hours,admitted between 2010 and ***’demographics,clinical presentations and outcomes were compared according to intubation location(prehospital intubation[PHI]*** room[TRI])and presence *** of *** regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of ***:Of 471 intubated patients,332 patients met the inclusion criteria(124 had PHI and208 had TRI)with a mean age of 30.7±14.8 *** group had lower GCS(P=0.001),respiratory rate(P=0.001),and higher frequency of head(P=0.02)and chest injuries(P=0.04).The rate of VAP in PHI group was comparable to the TRI group(P=0.60).Patients who developed VAP were 6 years older,had significantly lower GCS and higher ISS,head AIS,and higher rates of *** overall mortality was 7.5%,and was not associated with intubation location or pneumonia *** the early-VAP group,gram-positive pathogens were more common,while gram-negative microorganisms were more frequently encountered in the late VAP *** regression analysis and modeling showed that the impact of the location of intubation in predicting the risk of VAP appeared only when chest injury was included in the ***:In trauma,the risk of developing VAP is ***,the location of intubation and presence of chest injury could play an important role.

关键词： Ventilator-associated pneumonia Trauma Mechanical ventilation Intubation location Intensive care unit

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A Novel Insertion Solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1581-1597页

作者： Emmanuel Oluwatobi Asani Aderemi Elisha Okeyinka Sunday Adeola Ajagbe Ayodele Ariyo Adebiyi Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun Temitope Samson Adekunle Pragasen mudali Matthew Olusegun Adigun Department of Computer Science Landmark UniversityOmu Aran251103Nigeria SDG 11 Group Landmark UniversityOmu Aran251103Nigeria Department of Computing MiVA UniversityAbuja900211Nigeria Department of Computer Science Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida UniversityLapai911101Nigeria Department of Computer Science University of ZululandKwadlangezwa3886South Africa Department of Computer&Industrial Production Engineering First Technical UniversityIbadan200243Nigeria Department of Multimedia Engineering Kaunas University of TechnologyKaunasLT-44249Lithuania Department of Computer Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins80523USA

The studypresents theHalfMax InsertionHeuristic (HMIH) as a novel approach to solving theTravelling SalesmanProblem (TSP). The goal is to outperform existing techniques such as the Farthest Insertion Heuristic (FIH) andNearest Neighbour Heuristic (NNH). The paper discusses the limitations of current construction tour heuristics,focusing particularly on the significant margin of error in FIH. It then proposes HMIH as an alternative thatminimizes the increase in tour distance and includes more nodes. HMIH improves tour quality by starting withan initial tour consisting of a ‘minimum’ polygon and iteratively adding nodes using our novel Half Max *** paper thoroughly examines and compares HMIH with FIH and NNH via rigorous testing on standard TSPbenchmarks. The results indicate that HMIH consistently delivers superior performance, particularly with respectto tour cost and computational efficiency. HMIH’s tours were sometimes 16% shorter than those generated by FIHand NNH, showcasing its potential and value as a novel benchmark for TSP solutions. The study used statisticalmethods, including Friedman’s Non-parametric Test, to validate the performance of HMIH over FIH and *** guarantees that the identified advantages are statistically significant and consistent in various situations. Thiscomprehensive analysis emphasizes the reliability and efficiency of the heuristic, making a compelling case for itsuse in solving TSP issues. The research shows that, in general, HMIH fared better than FIH in all cases studied,except for a few instances (pr439, eil51, and eil101) where FIH either performed equally or slightly better thanHMIH. HMIH’s efficiency is shown by its improvements in error percentage (δ) and goodness values (g) comparedto FIH and NNH. In the att48 instance, HMIH had an error rate of 6.3%, whereas FIH had 14.6% and NNH had20.9%, indicating that HMIH was closer to the optimal solution. HMIH consistently showed superior performanceacross many benchmarks,

关键词： Nearest neighbour heuristic farthest insertion heuristic half max insertion heuristic tour construction travelling salesman problem

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Determination of Di-n-Butyl Phosphate in Organic Streams of FBTR Mixed Carbide Fuel Reprocessing Solution by Gas Chromatographic Technique

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2011年第2期1卷 31-35页

作者： P. Velavendan S. Ganesh N.K. Pandey U. Kamachi mudali R. Natarajan 不详

The present work describes the amount of Di-n- butyl phosphate (DBP) produced when PUREX solvent (30%tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mixed with 70% hydrocarbon diluent) is exposed to intensive radiolytic and chemical at- tack during the separation of uranium and plutonium from fission products of FBTR mixed carbide fuel reprocessing solution. DBP is the major degradation product of Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Amount of DBP formed in the lean organic streams of different fuel burn-up FBTR carbide fuel reprocessing solutions were analyzed by Gas Chromatographic technique. The method is based on the preparation of diazo methane and conversion of non-volatile Di-n-butyl phosphate in to volatile and stable derivatives by the action of diazomethane and then determined by Gas Chromatography (GC). A calibration graph was made for DBP over a concentration in the range from 200 to 1800 ppm with correlation coefficient of 0.99587 and RSD 1.2%. The degraded 30% TBP-NPH solvent loaded with heavy metal ions like uranium was analyzed after repeated use and results are compared with standard ion chromatographic technique. A column comparison study to select of proper gas chromatographic column for the separation of DBP from other components in a single aliquot of injection is also examined.

关键词： Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector Diazomethane Di-n-butyl Phosphate PUREX Process Degradation of TBP Lean organic Streams Carbide Fuel

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Flow Injection Analysis of Hydrazine in the Aqueous Streams of Purex Process by Liquid Chromatography System Coupled with UV-Visible Detector

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2012年第3期2卷 156-160页

作者： P. Velavendan S. Ganesh, N. K. Pandey N. K. Pandey U. Kamachi mudali R. Natarajan Reprocessing Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam India Reprocessing Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam India.

Present study describes the development of a rapid, sensitive and selective flow injection analysis of hydrazine in the aqueous streams of purex process by liquid chromatography system coupled with UV-Visible detector. The method is based on the formation of yellow coloured azine complex by reaction of hydrazine with para-dimethy laminobenzaldehyde (pDMAB). The formed yellow coloured complex is stable in acidic medium and has a maximum absorption at 460 nm. The presence of uranium in hydrazine solution is not interfering in the analysis. Under optimum condition, the absorption intensity linearly increased with the concentration of hydrazine in the range from 0.05-10 mg?L–1 with a correlation coefficient of R2=0.9999 (n=7). The experimental detection limit is 0.05mgL–1. The sampling frequency is 15 samples h–1 and the relative standard deviation was 2.1% for 0.05 mg?L–1. This method is suitable for automatic and continuous analysis and successfully applied to determine the concentration of hydrazine in the aqueous stream of nuclear fuel reprocessing.

关键词： Hydrazine Liquid Chromatography Purex Process Flow Injection Analysis Para-Dimethylaminobenaldehyde UV-Vis Detector

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Developed New Procedure for Low Concentrations of Hydrazine Determination by Spectrophotometry: Hydrazine-Potassium Permanganate System

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2012年第2期2卷 98-102页

作者： S. Ganesh Fahmida Khan M. K. Ahmed P. Velavendan N. K. Pandey U. Kamachi mudali Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Raipur India Reprocessing Group Indira Gandhi centre for atomic research Kalpakkam India

An indirect, sensitive and accurate method for the determination of trace amounts of hydrazine is described. In this proposed the spectrophotometric method is based on its reduction properties of hydrazine with a known concentration of potassium permanganate to reduce the colour. The absorbance of unreduced permanganate is measured the colour difference at different wavelengths 546 and 526 nm which show an absorption spectrum with hydrazine. Hydrazine can be determined in the range of 100 - 700 μg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.999 and relative standard deviation 1%. The method is successfully applied for the determination of hydrazine in water streams in nuclear reactors/purex process/boiler water and polluted water samples.

关键词： Hydrazine/Potassium Permanganate UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Reducing Property Water Streams Nuclear Reactors

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