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Educational Status and Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in Awka, Southeast Nigeria

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第11期8卷 60-69页

作者： Ernest Ndukaife Anyabolu Chinyelu Uchenna Ufoaroh innocent chukwuemeka okoye Desmond Onyebuchukwu Ekeh Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi Arthur Ebelenna Anyabolu innocent Ijezie Chukwuonye Department of Medicine Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Awka Nigeria Department of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Nigeria Department of Pharmacology Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Hematology Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka Nigeria Department of Medicine Federal Medical Center Umuahia Nigeria

Background and Objectives: All over the world, cardiovascular risks constitute a heavy healthcare burden, affecting people with different levels of education, across economies in both the developed and the developing ones. Differences in educational levels in cardiovascular risks have not been completely defined. This study was set out to evaluate the influence of levels of education on the risks of cardiovascular disease in an urban community in Awka, southeast Nigeria. Methodology: In this cross sectional study of 294 subjects conducted in Awka in 2017, biodata, anthropometric and demographic data were obtained. A questionnaire was used to extract information on smoking, alcohol use, tobacco snuff use, diabetes mellitus status, time spent at work > 10 hours daily and night sleep duration Results: The prevalence of smoking was 5.4%, tobacco snuff use 5.4%, alcohol 42.2%, thickened arterial wall 27.2%, meat protein 91.8%, diabetes mellitus 9.5%, time spent at work > 10 hours daily 29.3%, obesity 33.3%, hypertension 58.5%, night sleep 10 hours daily (p Conclusion: There was variability in the prevalence of cardiovascular risks at different levels of education. The prevalence of smoking and night sleep duration < 4 hours did not vary with levels of education. The prevalence of tobacco snuff and thickened arterial wall was h

关键词： Educational Status Smoking Alcohol Tobacco Snuff Thickened Arterial Wall Meat Consumption Diabetes Mellitus Lengthy Working Hours Obesity Hypertension Short Night Sleep

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Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Infection on the Hematology of Ducks and Chickens

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第6期4卷 113-121页

作者： Chekwube Paul Eze John Osita Arinze okoye innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna Wilfred Sunday Ezema Didacus chukwuemeka Eze Emmanuel Chukwudi Okwor Christian Okorie-Kanu Kalu Idika Idika Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Microbiology Unit Department of Biological Sciences University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria

The hematological lesions consequent upon velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection were investigated in 6-week-old ducks and chickens. Following intramuscular inoculation, the results indicated significantly lower (p < 0.05) packed cell volume (PCV) in infected chickens (IC) on days 3 - 9 post inoculation (PI) and in infected ducks (ID) on days 3 - 15 PI. The hemoglobin concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in IC on days 3, 6 and 15 PI while in the ID, they were significantly lower (p < 0.05) on days 3, 9 and 15 PI. The total erythrocyte counts were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in IC on days 3, 9 and 15 PI and in ID, they were significantly lower (p < 0.05) on days 3 and 9 PI. The mean corpuscular values indicated macrocytic hypochromic anemia in IC and macrocytic normochromic anemia in ID. The leucogram showed leucopenia in IC and initial leucopenia followed by leucocytosis in ID. The hematological pictures of the velogenic NDV in this experiment indicate less susceptibility of ducks when compared with the chickens. The severity of this virus infection in chickens and the mild clinical signs and lesions presented by ducks showed that ducks are far less susceptible than chickens.

关键词： Velogenic Newcastle Disease Experimental Infection Hematology Ducks Chickens

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Comparison of the Serum Proteins and Immune Responses of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Infected Chickens and Ducks

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第6期4卷 122-128页

作者： Chekwube Paul Eze Vincent S. O. Shoyinka John Osita Arinze okoye Wilfred Sunday Ezema innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna Didacus chukwuemeka Eze Emmanuel Chukwudi Okwor Ogbu Kenneth Ikejiofor Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Microbiology Unit Department of Biological Sciences University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria National Veterinary Research Institute Vom Nigeria

The effect of velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) on the immune responses and serum proteins was investigated in six-week-old ducks and chickens. Results showed that weight loss was markedly significant (p < 0.05) from days 3 - 21 (PI) in chickens and mild (p < 0.05) on days 3 and 15 PI in ducks. The antibody response obtained showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in infected chickens (IC) than those of the infected ducks (ID). While the total serum protein and serum globulin increased significantly (p < 0.05) in IC on days 7 and 14 PI, they decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in ID only on day 21 PI. The immune responses and serum protein values in this experiment X-ray showed less susceptibility of ducks when compared with the chickens. This may be related to marked anorexia and severe dehydration observed in the latter consequent upon serum concentration. Ducks could be maintaining the endemicity of Newcastle disease (ND) as reservoir host.

关键词： Velogenic Newcastle Disease Experimental Infection Immune Response Serum Proteins Ducks Chickens

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Medical Morbidity Profile of Adults in a Rural Community in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria: A Cross Sectional Survey

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Health 2023年第7期15卷 711-727页

作者： Nkeiruka Chigekwu Mbadiwe Birinus Adikaibe Ezeala-Adikaibe Celestine Chibuzor Okwara Monday Umeh Nwobodo Fintan C. Ekochin Casmir Orjioke Nkiruka P. Onodugo Titus Okpara Denise Paul Okoli Uzoma C. Okechukwu Mark Ezeme Obumneme B. Anyim Grace O. Eneh Obinna Donatus Onodugo innocent okoye Uchenna N. Ijoma Department of Medicine Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Memfys Hospital for Neurosurgery Enugu Nigeria Anambra State University Teaching Hospital Awka Nigeria

Introduction: People in rural communities are exposed to the risk factors for non-communicable disease as those in urban areas. Correct interpretation and management of symptoms are important in primary care especially in rural communities where diagnostic facilities are not readily available. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a village in Enugu South Local Government area of Enugu State. Thorough medical history was taken from all eligible participants who gave their consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Data from a total of 1019 (64.7%) out of 1576 participants were analysed. Fever was by far the most common presenting complaint 580 (56.9%) of all participants and 67.9% of medical complaints seen in the clinic. This was followed remotely by musculoskeletal problems and neurological problems 15.6% and 3.8% of the participants respectively. Across all age groups, febrile illness was more than non-febrile illness except in those 65 years. Generalized body pains 74 (7.3%), back pains 55 (5.1), headache 33 (3.2%) and abdominal pains 24 (2.4%) were the commonest symptoms presented by the participants. About 15 (1.5%) of the population surveyed had had trauma/surgery in the past. This was twice the number who presented to the clinic with symptoms related to injury and trauma 7 (0.7%). Conclusions: Fever and musculoskeletal pains are the dominant medical complaints presented by adults in a rural community clinic. This may be related to the season of the year and the occupation of the population studied.

关键词： Symptoms Infectious Diseases Non-Communicable Diseases Rural Community Southeast Nigeria

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