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Predominance of Plasmodium malariae-falciparum Co-Infection by Molecular Speciation in Bangolan, North West Region of Cameroon

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第6期7卷 599-606页

作者： Olivia Afa Achonduh Aristid Herve Ekollo Mbange Atogho-Tiedeu Barbara innocent ali mbulli Daniel Achinko Palmer Masumbe Netongo Wilfred Fon Mbacham The Bioteehnology Center University of Yaounde I Yaounde Center Region Cameroon

Although microscopy still remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and PCR assays have been shown to be sensitive and specific. Very few comparative studies have been reported of the three diagnostic methods on the same samples in vulnerable groups. Microscopy, RDTs and PCR assays were used for detection and speciation of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), Plasmodium malariae (Pm) and Plasmodium ovale (Po) in patients in a rice culture savanna ecotype. Fifty four children and 16 pregnant women presenting with a fever were recruited. Bloods collected was used for thin and thick smears, perform RDTs and spotted blood on filter paper for DNA extraction and performance of a PCR. Mean parasitaemia was 37,619.06 (± 33,599.04) p/μL and 7,512.5 (± 12,446.11) p/μL for children and pregnant women, respectively. A total of 87.14% were positive by microscopy, 85.71% by RDTs and 90% by PCR. Distribution of Plasmodium species as identified by PCR was 72.86% Pf/Pm, 11.43% Pf/Pm/Po and 5.43% Pm while 10% were negative. Cohen"s Kappa value for PCR and RDTs was K = 0.75 (CI = 0.28-1.22) while PCR and microscopy was K = 0.64 (CI = 0.18-1.10). Malaria infection in Bangolan was mostly due to mix infection predominantly P. falciparum/P. malariae.

关键词：恶性疟原虫分子形态共感染西北地区喀麦隆 PCR检测快速诊断优势

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Adverse Events Clustering with NAT2 Slow Metabolisers following Deparasitization in Children in Bangolan, NWR Cameroon

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第7期7卷 742-748页

作者： Olivia Afa Achonduh Babara Atogho-Tiedeu innocent ali mbulli Jean Paul Chedjou Mercy Achu Akindeh Mbu Nji Fokou Elie Eric Kamgue Vera Veyee Orise Karana Delphine Sahfe Wilfred Fon Mbacham The Biotechnology Center University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biochemistry University of Yaounde L gaounde Cameroon Bangolan Baptist Integrated Health Center Health Board Cameroon Baptist Convention Bamenda Cameroon

Inter individual differences in the metabolism of antimalarials could be due to polymorphism of NAT2 gene. The authors determined the genotypic frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of NAT2 gene and it"s implication in antimalarial treatment during a vitamin A and zinc supplementation intervention in children aged 6 to 24 months. Children were deparasitized with artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ)-toddler 50/135 mg. Pharmacovigilance was done for 40 days, adverse events recorded and blood was spotted on filter paper for DNA extraction by chelex method. PCR-RFLP was performed with restriction enzymes KpnI, TaqI, and BamHI for detection of SNPs of NAT2. Allelic frequencies and phenotypes were compared between participants with or without adverse drug events. The prevalence of fast, slow and intermediate acetylators was 55%, 30% and 11% respectively. There was a significant association (P = 0.035) between NAT2 slow acetylators (and susceptibility to develop skin rash. No significant difference was observed between fast and slow acetylators and susceptibility to develop fever, anorexia, cough and common cold. Slow acetylators were more susceptible, (P = 0.011) to develop any adverse event The NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype was the most predominant and individuals with this phenotype were more significantly susceptible to develop adverse events to ASAQ.

关键词：事件记录儿童代谢喀麦隆 PCR-RFLP 单核苷酸多态性基因多态性聚类

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Sustainable strategies for Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness in Africa:a case study on lessons learnt in countries neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第6期11卷 60-69页

作者： Caroline S.Ryan Marie‑Roseline D.Belizaire Miriam Nanyunja Olushayo Oluseun Olu Yahaya ali Ahmed Anderson Latt Matthew Tut Kol Bertrand Bamuleke Jayne Tusiime Nadia Nsabimbona Ishata Conteh Shamiso Nyashanu Patrick Otim Ramadan Solomon Fisseha Woldetsadik Jean‑Pierre Mulunda Nkata Jim T.Ntwari Senya D.Nzeyimana Leopold Ouedraogo Georges Batona Vedaste Ndahindwa Elizabeth A.Mgamb Magdalene Armah Joseph Francis Wamala Argata Guracha Guyo Alex Yao Sokemawu Freeman Alexander Chimbaru innocent Komakech Muhau Kuku Walter M.Firmino Grace E.Saguti Faraja Msemwa Shikanga O‑Tipo Precious C.Kalubula Ngoy Nsenga Ambrose Otau Talisuna WHO Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa NairobiKenya WHO Country Ofce BanguiCentral African Republic WHO Country Ofce JubaSouth Sudan WHO Regional Ofce for Africa BrazzavilleCongo WHO Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa DakarSenegal Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Addis AbabaEthiopia WHO Country Ofce BrazzavilleCongo WHO Coun‑try Ofce BujumburaBurundi WHO Country Ofce AsmaraEritrea WHO Country Ofce KigaliRwanda WHO Country Ofce KampalaUganda WHO Country Ofce LuandaAngola WHO Country Ofce Dar Es SalaamTanzania WHO Country Ofce LusakaZambia

Background: From May 2018 to September 2022, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced seven Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks within its borders. During the 10th EVD outbreak (2018–2020), the largest experienced in the DRC and the second largest and most prolonged EVD outbreak recorded globally, a WHO risk assessment identified nine countries bordering the DRC as moderate to high risk from cross border importation. These countries implemented varying levels of Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions. This case study highlights the gains and shortfalls with the Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions within the various contexts of these countries against the background of a renewed and growing commitment for global epidemic preparedness highlighted during recent World Health Assembly *** text: Several positive impacts from preparedness support to countries bordering the affected provinces in the DRC were identified, including development of sustained capacities which were leveraged upon to respond to the subsequent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Shortfalls such as lost opportunities for operationalizing cross-border regional preparedness collaboration and better integration of multidisciplinary perspectives, vertical approaches to response pillars such as surveillance, over dependence on external support and duplication of efforts especially in areas of capacity building were also identified. A recurrent theme that emerged from this case study is the propensity towards implementing short-term interventions during active Ebola virus disease outbreaks for preparedness rather than sustainable investment into strengthening systems for improved health security in alignment with IHR obligations, the Sustainable Development Goals and advocating global policy for addressing the larger structural determinants underscoring these ***: Despite several international frameworks established at the global level for e

关键词： Ebola virus disease Emergency preparedness and response Lessons learned Case study International Health Regulations Democratic Republic of the Congo

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