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Experiences of Being Non-Smoking among Adolescents in a Smoking Context

Health 2014年第11期6卷 1133-1142页

作者： ingrid Edvardsson Dorthe Geisler Lena Lendahls Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo Lund UniversityLundSweden Unit for Research and Development Kronoberg County CouncilKronoberg CountySweden Department of Health and Caring Sciences Linnaeus UniversityKalmarSweden

Introduction: A study among Greenlandic 13-year-old showed that 68 percent for boys and 55 percent for girls, and at age 15, 46 percent of the boys and 32 percent of the girls were non-smokers. A literature review showed that the behaviour of parents and peers, attitudes and expectations were crucial factors for the smoking habits of adolescents. Young adults would more likely start smoking if their parents, older siblings and/or friends were smokers. Parental support has been proven to be a preventive factor against smoking, especially if the school and leisure centers get involved. Group pressure, directly or indirectly, is often described as the most important reason why adolescents start smoking. The purpose was to study why some adolescents choose to be smoke-free in a society where the norm is to smoke. Methods: Adolescents who were non-smokers were interviewed in focus groups. The material was analysed using content analysis. Results: The contents analysis of the text resulted in eleven categories. Based on these, four themes were developed. These themes covered areas on the reasons for being smoke-free;how the smoke-free adolescents generally felt about smokers from a society or environment perspective, and also specifically from an individual perspective, such as how smokers took up space and did not show any consideration. There was a feeling among non-smokers of not belonging and of ambivalence, as well as a perspective of the future for adolescents in Greenland and an uncertainty about what would be required for a smoke-free environment. Conclusions: In a context where the norm is to smoke, the adolescents need to make a conscious choice to be smoke-free, and there were different reasons for this choice. This choice means becoming an outsider in their group of peers as well as the overall social culture. Smokers were seen as taking up too much space, as their needs ruled and this was deemed inconsiderate.

关键词： Adolescents Greenland Focus Group Non-Smokers Norms

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Qualitative Differences in Pup-Retrieval Strategies in a Maternal Separation Paradigm

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第8期3卷 603-616页

作者： Loudin Daoura ingrid Nylander Erika Roman Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Neuropharmacology Addiction & Behaviour Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

The rodent maternal separation (MS) paradigm is frequently used to investigate the impact of early-life conditions in the offspring. One critical issue is whether the effects seen in the offspring are a result of maternal contact deprivation and/or altered pup-directed maternal behavior. To address this question we used an innovative approach with a qualitative analysis of pup-retrieval strategies in a test situation related to risk for the pups. The dams were separated from their litters for 0 (MS0) or 360 (MS360) min, respectively. The pups were placed in a risk area in the multivariate concentric square field? test at two test occasions and the pup-retrieval strategies were recorded. No significant evident differences between MS0 and MS360 dams were found. However, there were clearly two different strategies, either removing the pups out of potential danger or into safety, and these strategies were represented in both MS groups. As compared to the MS0 dams, the MS360 dams did not change their strategies and left more pups in the risk area in both pup-retrieval tests. This implies different pup-retrieval strategies depending on early-life conditions.

关键词： Pregnancy Gestation Virgin Handling Maternal Deprivation Multivariate Concentric Square Field Behavior Wistar Rats Stress Maternal Behavior Ultrasonic Vocalization

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Early stage risk communication and community engagement(RCCE)strategies and measures against the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic crisi

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Global Health Journal 2021年第1期5卷 44-50页

作者： Ernest Tambo ingrid C.Djuikoue Gildas K.Tazemda Michael F.Fotsing Xiao-Nong Zhou Higher Institute of Health Sciences University of the MountainsP.O.Box 208 BagangtéCameroon Prevention and Control NGOCameroon National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has proven to be tenacious and shows that the global commu nity is still poorly prepared to handling such emerging *** global solidarity in emergency preparedness and response,and the mobilization of conscience and cooperation,can serve as an excellent source of ideas and measures in a timely *** article provides an overview of the key components of risk communication and community engagement(RCCE)strategies at the early stages in vulnerable nations and populations,and highlight contextual recommendations for strengthening coordinated and sustainable RCCE preventive and emergency response strategies against COVID-19 *** solidarity calls for firming govemance,abundant community participation and enough trust to boost early pandemic preparedness and *** public RCCE response interventions needs crucially improving government health systems and security proactiveness,community to individual confinement,trust and resilience *** better understand population risk and vulnerability,as well as COVID-19 transmission dynamics,it is important to build intelligent systems for monitoring isolation/quarantine and tracking by use of artificial intelligence and machine learning systems *** and lessons learned from the international community is crucial for emerging pandemics prevention and control programs,especially in promoting evidence-based decision-making,integrating data and models to inform effective and sustainable RCCE strategies,such as local and global safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines and mass immunization programs.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Risk communication and communityengagement(RCCE) Response Trust Governance Pandemic Vaccination

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Amelia Handegan

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作者： (author.)Handegan Amelia (author.)Abramovitch ingrid (photographer.)Estersohn Pieter

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A Historical Perspective of Deaf People and Its Constitution as aMeans of Social Movement in Brazil, in Contemporary Times

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2015年第5期3卷 235-239页

作者： ingrid Karla da Nobrega Beserra Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil

This paper aims to present the historical constitution of the Deaf Movement （Movimento Surdo） and theirrespective events and claims in the national socio-political scene. Among the numerous social movements operatingin the country and the world we identified the Deaf Movement while present in the social struggles and the poorvisibility conferred on it in the context of listener culture, considering their undeniable importance in the currentform of society. Search up from the use of surveys and interviews to understand this movement as the set of actionsdeveloped by the deaf community around the historical issues, identity, cultural, social and political. Among themany claims of this movement highlights the proposed bilingual education for deaf people seeking socialknowledge of deafness would mean not only the best form of education for the deaf, but also for themaintenance/affirmation of deaf culture.

关键词： social movement, the deaf community, deaf culture, education

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节段性垫压术在PVR B和C期视网膜脱离治疗中的作用

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国际眼科杂志 2005年第5期5卷 884-889页

作者： ingrid Kreissig 王琳惠延年德国海德堡大学曼海姆临床医学系眼科第四军医大学西京医院眼科全军眼科研究所中国陕西省西安市710032

背景:PVR是孔源性视网膜脱离治疗最终失败的原因。提出的问题是:①最小量眼外脱离手术减少了术后PVR吗?②最小量眼外手术(不用环扎手术或玻璃体切除术)治疗在术前伴有PVRB和C期的脱离恰当吗?③这种手术能使视网膜复位而且PVR长期稳定或... 详细信息

背景:PVR是孔源性视网膜脱离治疗最终失败的原因。提出的问题是:①最小量眼外脱离手术减少了术后PVR吗?②最小量眼外手术(不用环扎手术或玻璃体切除术)治疗在术前伴有PVRB和C期的脱离恰当吗?③这种手术能使视网膜复位而且PVR长期稳定或消退吗?材料和方法:对1979-08/1982-07之间手术的伴有PVR(B和C期)的72例脱离进行了前瞻性研究。38眼为PVRC1期,11眼为C2期,1眼为C3期。手术包括冷凝固定、不放液的节段性垫压或球囊垫压。41位患者随访11～13.5a;31例患者在随访的6～143mo期间死亡。所有患者平均随访期为7.5a。10眼进行了再次手术,由节段性垫压组成,没有环扎术或玻璃体切除术。结果:在初期节段性垫压手术后,57眼(79%)视网膜完全复位,11眼(15%)部分复位。“早期”再脱离占8.3%,发生在6mo内;6mo～9a之间没有再脱离;“晚期”再脱离有2.8%,发生在9～13.5a之间。再次手术后(10例),85%在长期随访中保持复位。没有虹膜红变、继发性青光眼或眼球萎缩。12眼发生黄斑前膜。未经黄斑手术,术后6mo视力为0.3～0.8的26眼;0.1～0.2的16眼;≤0.05的30眼。平均随访7.5a后视力没有显著性差异。结论:PVR(B和C期)脱离的手术可以是相对无创伤的、通过对裂孔区有限的冷凝固定和节段性垫压且不引流视网膜下液。手术也检验了PVR等级。10眼中有8眼未经再手术而复位了,而且在长期的随访中一直保持。对这些结果的统计学分析以及用玻璃体切除术作为再次手术的一个可比较系列,证明在6mo后的解剖和功能结果都没有显著性差异,但在未作玻璃体切除术的系列并发症较少,而且损害较小。

关键词：增生性玻璃体视网膜病变视网膜脱离节段性垫压术孔源性视网膜脱离 PVR 垫压术节段性 C期治疗玻璃体切除术视网膜复位环扎手术

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Acupotomy versus sodium hyaluronate for treatment of knee osteoarthritis in rabbits

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2017年第3期37卷 404-411页

作者： Ding Yu Yuan Xueling Wang Yongcheng Wang Aiyuan Shi Xian Wang Lu Daniela Litscher ingrid Gaischek Irmgard Th.Lippe Gerhard Litscher Department of Acupuncture&Moxibustion People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100853China Instituteof Orthopedics People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100853China Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicineand Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center GrazMedical University of Graz8036 GrazAustria Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Graz8036 GrazAustria

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible advantages of acupotomy over sodium hyaluronate injection for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA).METHODS: Twenty rabbits were divided randomly into four groups(n = 5 in each): a control group,model group, acupotomy group, and sodium hyaluronate injection group. The model, acupotomy,and sodium hyaluronate groups underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection plus partial medial meniscectomy. Sodium hyaluronate injection and acupotomy were administered to the respective groups from weeks 5 to 8, and samples of the tibial plateau and medial condyle of the femur were collected in week 9. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression was assessed in cartilage and subchondral bone by immunohistochemical ***: Articular cartilage degeneration was less pronounced in the acupotomy compared with the model and sodium hyaluronate groups. VEGF expression levels in cartilage and subchondral bone were increased in the model group compared with the control group(P < 0.01), and acupotomy had a more pronounced therapeutic effect than sodium hyaluronate injection(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Acupotomy and sodium hyaluronate injection may both reduce degeneration in the cartilage and subchondral bone in KOA based on the results from a rabbit model, but acupotomy improved the histopathology and reduced the VEGF content more effectively than sodium hyaluronate injection, probably by reducing venous stasis and intraosseous pressure. Acupotomy may improve KOA by lowering VEGF.

关键词：骨性关节炎透明质酸钠治疗疗法血管内皮生长因子关节软骨玻璃酸钠兔

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在原发性视网膜脱离和再次手术中查找并封闭裂孔

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国际眼科杂志 2005年第3期5卷 436-444页

作者： ingrid Kreissi 王琳惠延年德国海德堡大学第四军医大学西京医院眼科全军眼科研究所

背景:在过去的75a,治疗视网膜脱离的手术已由对整个脱离范围的手术演变为限于视网膜裂孔区域的手术。不过,多年期间有几次发生的改变是从局限性手术变为广泛的手术,而且自近20a以来,一直进行的讨论是关于手术应该采用眼外还是眼内手术... 详细信息

背景:在过去的75a,治疗视网膜脱离的手术已由对整个脱离范围的手术演变为限于视网膜裂孔区域的手术。不过,多年期间有几次发生的改变是从局限性手术变为广泛的手术,而且自近20a以来,一直进行的讨论是关于手术应该采用眼外还是眼内手术。虽然选择的视网膜复位手术的术式是独立的,但是,仍然必须找到引起脱离的裂孔并充分封闭它。材料和方法:为了查找一个视网膜脱离中的原发性裂孔,已确定了4条规则,根据脱离的轮廓,预测在一个区域内查找裂孔,可将范围局限于视网膜周边部的11/2到3个钟点。此外,在再次手术的眼,也确定了4条规则,80%的失败原因是遗漏一个裂孔或裂孔垫压不恰当。在“没有”裂孔的脱离,提出了查找裂孔的指南,以及在急性玻璃体积血时应如何处理,其中,强制遮盖并抬高患者头位,在查找裂孔时可看见视网膜。结论:不受术式的限制,不管是在眼外还是眼内手术,不管是广泛的还是局限性的手术,必须找到引起脱离的视网膜裂孔,永久地封闭,并要预防再脱离和再次手术。

关键词：在原发性视网膜脱离再次手术封闭裂孔手术方式

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原发性视网膜脱离手术技术的概念变革

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国际眼科杂志 2005年第1期5卷 34-49页

作者： ingrid Kreissig 王琳惠延年德国海德堡(Heidelberg)大学曼海姆(Mannheim)临床医学系眼科第四军医大学西京医院眼科全军眼科研究所

目的:分析从1929年开始的、现存的原发性视网膜脱离复位手术的术式演变,和决定不同技术的话题。方法:复习过去75a间视网膜脱离手术的文献,其中作者经历了过去35a持续进行的治疗方式的演变。为达到视网膜复位,一种演变是从对整个视网膜... 详细信息

目的:分析从1929年开始的、现存的原发性视网膜脱离复位手术的术式演变,和决定不同技术的话题。方法:复习过去75a间视网膜脱离手术的文献,其中作者经历了过去35a持续进行的治疗方式的演变。为达到视网膜复位,一种演变是从对整个视网膜脱离的手术、转变到仅限于视网膜裂孔的手术,另一种演变是从眼外到眼内的手术转变。结果:在21世纪开端,治疗原发性视网膜脱离可应用的所有5种主要手术方式,有一个共同的要点:找到并封闭引起原发性视网膜脱离、或如果封闭不充分会造成再脱离的裂孔。这与手术是限于裂孔区、还是扩展到整个脱离区无关,也与在眼外还是眼内手术无关。结论:最终发现并封闭原发性视网膜脱离中漏水的视网膜裂孔,已经伴随视网膜脱离手术医生的努力,成为过去75a的一条“红线”,而且现在仍然是保持复位的关键。不过,在21世纪开端,视网膜脱离治疗的3个假设毫无疑问地实现了:①应该做1次手术就达到视网膜复位;②手术不应在以后的年岁内引发威胁重获视力的并发症;③手术费用较少且在局麻下进行。

关键词：原发性视网膜脱离手术技术治疗视网膜裂孔视网膜脱离手术视网膜复位并发症疑问转变结论

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The Effects of Forest Thinning Practices and Altered Nutrient Supply on Soil Trace Gas Fluxes in Colorado

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Open Journal of Forestry 2014年第3期4卷 278-289页

作者： Mark A. Gathany ingrid C. Burke Department of Science & Mathematics Cedarville University Cedarville USA Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Wyoming Laramie USA

Increases in wildfire activity in the western United States have prompted land managers to reevaluate management practices. In the Colorado Front Range, where population density is high, there is often a great concern regarding wildfire which leads to efforts that will reduce fire hazard. The most common method of achieving this goal is to thin the forest of small diameter trees. Oftentimes these practices are undertaken with little knowledge of the ecological consequences of such treatments. We investigated the effect(s) of three treatments (control, thinning-only and broadcast chipping) on trace gas fluxes (CO2, CH4, and N2O), litter mass, and soil carbon and nitrogen. In a small plot study, we used a 2 × 3 × 3 randomized complete block design to determine the influence of nutrient amendments (woodchips, nitrogen, and phosphorus availability) on trace gas fluxes. The stand-management study revealed that neither thinning-only nor broadcast chipping significantly affected soil carbon or nitrogen, while thinning-only significantly reduced the amount of forest floor litter. Each trace gas flux was significantly affected by the date of sampling (June or August). CO2 and N2O fluxes each had a significant interaction between treatment and sampling date. We attribute this to a difference in moisture availability between the sampling times. In the plot study we found that only the interaction between woodchip addition and phosphorus availability significantly affected CO2 flux. Nitrous oxide fluxes were not significantly affected by any combination, however, methane uptake was found to respond significantly to different nitrogen and phosphorus levels.

关键词： Forest Restoration Chipping Nutrient Supply Greenhouse Gases

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