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Review of accelerator driven heavy ion nuclear fusion

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2018年第1期3卷 1-11页

作者： ingo Hofmann GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstr64291 DarmstadtGermany

Using high energy accelerators for energy production by nuclear fission goes back to the 1950's with plans for“breeder accelerators”as well as with early ideas on subcritical reactors,which are currently pursued in China and other ***,fusion came in,when the idea emerged in the mid 1970's to use accelerators and their highly time and space compressed beams in order to generate the extremely high density and temperatures required for inertial fusion energy *** to the higher repetition rates and efficiencies of accelerators,this was seen as a promising alternative to using high power *** an introduction to nuclear fission applications of accelerators,this review summarizes some of the scientific developments directed towards this challenging application e with focus on the European HIDIF-study-and outlines parameters of future high energy density experiments after construction of the FAIR/Germany and HIAF/China heavy ion accelerator projects.

关键词： repetition accelerator heavy

Comparison of drug abuse in Germany and China

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第10期28卷 1505-1518页

作者： ingo Ilja MICHELS Office of the Federal Drug Commissioner Federal Ministry of HealthBerlin 10117Germany

Drug abuse has a long,but also different history in Germany and *** War largely influenced the history of China in 19th century;however,China was once recognized as a drug-free nation for 3 decades from the 1950s tothe *** abuse has spread quickly since re-emerging as a national problemin China in the late *** number of registered drug abusers increased from70 000 in 1990 to more than 1 million by the end of *** past decades,illicit drugtrafficking and production have swept most provinces in China,and drug abusehas caused many problems for both abusers and the *** major drug-related problem is the spread of HIV,which has caused major social and economicdamage in ***,the largest developed European country,also facesthe drug and addiction *** has about 150 000 heroin addicts,forwhom HIV/AIDS has become a serious threat since the mid *** control thedrug problem,the German Government adopted the"Action Plan on Drugs andAddiction"in 2003;the China Central Government approved a similar regulationin the antidrug campaign in *** has experience in reducing drug-re-lated *** methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program has run formore than 20 years and the public has become more tolerant of *** 2003,China began the MMT program for controlling the spread of HIV/*** isnecessary for China to learn from developed countries to acquire success in itsantidrug *** this review,we will go over the differences and similaritiesin drug abuse between Germany and *** differences are related to history,population and economics,drug policy context,drug laws,HIV/hepatitis C virusinfection,the MMT program and so *** 2 nations have drug abuse prob-lems with different histories and currently use different approaches to handleillicit drug marketing and *** legal penalties for illicit drug offences reflectthe social differences of these 2 nations with respect to the seriousness of parti

关键词： drug abuse methadone maintenance treatment heroin HIV/AIDS harm reduction comparison Germany China

The Integration of Vacuum Brazing into Heat Treatment - A Progressive Combined Process

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 597-600页

作者： ingo Reinkensmeier Henkjan Buursen Body cote Warmebehandlung GmbH Menden GermanyBodycote Warmebehandlung GmbH Diemen Netherlands

The continuous constructive challenge to improve the functionality and efficiency of components always results in higher demands on production engineering, against the background of the generally increasing cost pressure. In many cases, you will just succeed in producing competitive and innovative products by combining and coupling of different procedures to an independent (hybrid) technology. The use of hybrid procedures for metal joining and heat treatment of metallic materials finds more and more industrial fields of application. Modern vacuum lines with integrated pressurized gas quenching are considered high-performance and flexible means of production for brazing and heat treatment tasks as well in the turbine industry as in the mould making and tool manufacturing industry. In doing so, the heat treatment is coupled with the brazing cycle in a combined process so that the brazing temperatures and soak times are adapted to the necessary temperatures and times for solution heat treatment and austeniting. This user-oriented article describes on the one hand examples of brazing of turbine components, but above all the practical experience from the plastics processing industry, where the requirement for a high-efficient cooling of injection moulding dies gains more and more importance. The combined procedure "Vacuum Brazing and Hardening" offers plenty of possibilities to produce mould inserts with an efficient tempering system in an economic way.

关键词：真空焊接热处理金属连结气体流淬火

Male mate choice, female competition, and female ornaments as components of sexual selection

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Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 321-322页

作者： ingo SCHLUPP Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019-0390 USA

Choosing a mate is likely one of the most influential decisions any individual makes because it heavily influences their fitness. Going back all the way to the seminal work by Darwin （1871, 1859）, we mostly think of females as choosing mates, whereas males compete over mating opportunities with females. This view is very well supported, but somewhat incomplete. As Darwin struggled to find a good explanation for the existence of ornamental traits in males, he proposed Sexual Selection and along with that theory he suggested 2 mechanisms that could lead to and maintain such extreme traits： Female Choice and Male Competition. Historically, male competition was quickly accepted, whereas acceptance of female choice was delayed until much later, coinciding with the rise of modern feminism （Zuk 1993）.

关键词：配偶选择装饰品部件比赛装饰特点达尔文竞争不完全

SMALL DATA SOLUTIONS OF 2-D QUASILINEAR WAVE EQUATIONS UNDER NULL CONDITIONS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2018年第1期38卷 125-150页

作者：刘颖博 ingo WITT Department of Mathematics and IMS Nanjing University Department of Mathematics China Pharmaceutical University Mathematical Institute University of Gttingen

For the 2-D quasilinear wave equation （δt2-△x）u＋2∑i,j=0gij（δu）δiju=0 satisfying null condition or both null conditions, a blowup or global existence result has been shown by Alinhac. In this paper, we consider a more general 2-D quasilinear wave equation （δt2-△x）u＋2∑i,j=0gij（δu）δiju=0 satisfying null conditions with small initial data and the coefficients depending simultaneously on u and δu. Through construction of an approximate solution, combined with weighted energy integral method, a quasi-global or global existence solution are established by continuous induction.

关键词： global existence null condition weighted energy estimate continuous induction

The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第2期62卷 3-27页

作者： ShuangNan Zhang Andrea Santangelo Marco Feroci YuPeng Xu FangJun Lu Yong Chen Hua Feng Shu Zhang Sφren Brandt Margarita Hernanz Luca Baldini Enrico Bozzo Riccardo Campana Alessandra De Rosa YongWei Dong Yuri Evangelista Vladimir Karas Norbert Meidinger Aline Meuris Kirpal Nandra Teng Pan Giovanni Pareschi Piotr Orleanski QiuShi Huang Stephane Schanne Giorgia Sironi Daniele Spiga Jiri Svoboda Gianpiero Tagliaferri Christoph Tenzer Andrea Vacchi Silvia Zane Dave Walton ZhanShan Wang Berend Winter Xin Wu Jean J.M.in't Zand Mahdi Ahangarianabhari Giovanni Ambrosi Filippo Ambrosino Marco Barbera Stefano Basso Jörg Bayer Ronaldo Bellazzini Pierluigi Bellutti Bruna Bertucci Giuseppe Bertuccio Giacomo Borghi XueLei Cao Franck Cadoux Francesco Ceraudo TianXiang Chen Yu Peng Chen Jerome Chevenez Marta Civitani Wei Cui WeiWei Cui Thomas Dauser Ettore Del Monte Sergio Di Cosimo Sebastian Diebold Victor Doroshenko Michal Dovciak YuanYuan Du Lorenzo Ducci QingMei Fan Yannick Favre Fabio Fuschino JoséLuis Ga'lvez Min Gao MingYu Ge Olivier Gevin Marco Grassi QuanYing Gu YuDong Gu DaWei Han Bin Hong Wei Hu Long Ji ShuMei Jia WeiChun Jiang Thomas Kennedy ingo kreykenbohm Irfan Kuvvetli Claudio Labanti Luca Latronico Gang Li MaoShun Li Xian Li Wei Li ZhengWei Li Olivier Limousin HongWei Liu XiaoJing Liu Bo Lu Tao Luo Daniele Macera Piero Malcovati Adrian Martindale Malgorzata Michalska Bin Meng Massimo Minuti Alfredo Morbidini Fabio Muleri Stephane Paltani Emanuele Perinati Antonino Picciotto Claudio Piemonte JinLu Qu Alexandre Rachevski Irina Rashevskaya Jerome Rodriguez Thomas Schanz ZhengXiang Shen LiZhi Sheng JiangBo Song LiMing Song Carmelo Sgro Liang Sun Ying Tan Phil Uttley Bo Wang DianLong Wang GuoFeng Wang Juan Wang LangPing Wang YuSa Wang Anna L.Watts XiangYang Wen Jörn Wilms ShaoLin Xiong JiaWei Yang Sheng Yang YanJi Yang Nian Yu WenDa Zhang Gianluigi Zampa Nicola Zampa Andrzej A.Zdziarski AiMei Zhang ChengMo Zhang Fan Zhang Long Zhang Tong Zhang Yi Zhang XiaoLi Zhang ZiLiang Zhang BaoSheng Zhao ShiJie Zheng Yu Peng Zhou Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Eberhard Karls Universität INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali INFN-Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 Department of Engineering Physics and Center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University DTU Building 327DK-2800 Kongens Institute of Space Sciences 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya Sezione di Pisa Istituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareLargo Bruno Pontecorvo3 Department of Astronomy University of Genevachemin d’Ecogia 16 Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza Dello Spazio di Bologna Istituto Nazionale di Astofisica Astronomical Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Giessenbachstr.1 CEA Paris-Saclay/IRFU Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering CAST Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Istituto Nazionale di Astofisica Space Research Center Polish Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Advanced Material Microstructure of Education Ministry of China Institute of Precision Optical EngineeringSchool of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji University Department of Physics and Center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Universita’degli Studi di Udine Via delle Scienze 206 Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics University of Geneva SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Politecnico di Milano Sezione di Perugia Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica Fondazione Bruno Kessler Dr.Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg University of Pavia Department of ElectronicsInformation and Biomedical Engineering and INFN Pavia Sezione di Torino Istituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareVia Pietro Giuria1 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester Sezione di Trieste Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave *** paper provides a detailed description of:(1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload;(2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment.

关键词： X-ray instrumentation X-ray polarimetry X-ray timing space mission:eXTP

Foreign Direct Investment with Chinese Characteristics:A Middle Path Between Ownership-Location-Internalization Model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning Model

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Chinese Geographical Science 2013年第5期23卷 594-606页

作者： SI Yuefang ingo LIEFNER WANG Tao Department of Economic Geography Justus Liebig University Giessen School of Resource and Environment Science East China Normal University School of Geography Science Nanjing Normal University

The majority of multinational enterprises （MNEs） traditionally originate from developed countries. In the last ten years, however, there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment （FDI） from China. It is a comparatively new phenomenon that challenges the classic FDI theories. In this paper, we review the pros and cons of two important theories, known as the Owner- ship-Location-Internalization （0LI） model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning （LLL） model, and use the statistical data and company case studies from China to test the plausibility of these two models. We believe that neither of them suits totally： the OLI model is quite use- fill for understanding FDI from China to developing economies, while the LLL model is more powerful for explaining the FDI to de- veloped economies. We argue that the companies from China attain a very advantageous position as intermediates in the global economy They may catch up with the first movers if they integrate OLI-led and LLL-led FDI within one firm. This combination can bring to- gether the most advanced knowledge acquired in developed economies with the knowledge about adaptation needs and the needs for cost reduction in production as expressed in developing economies. It may also accelerate the knowledge transfer globally. We thus fill a gap in research into the geographical pattern of Chinese FDI and offer a deeper understanding of the internationalization of Chinese MNEs and revolving knowledge transfer.

关键词： outward foreign direct investment (FDI) 0wnership-Location-Internalization model Linkage-Leverage-Learning model China

Preparation and Luminescent Properties of Eu 3+ Doped Calcium Phosphate Nanocrystalline

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2005年第B12期20卷 203-205页

作者：李世普 ingo Bauer Biomedical Materials and Engineering Center Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070China

The nanocrystalline Eu^3＋ doped calcium phosphate was prepared by calcining precursors, which were got by precipitation method combined with ultrasound treatment and some polysaccharide. The existence of Eu^3＋ inhibited the reaction of Na^＋ ion and SO4^2- radical with apatite and resulted in the transformation of HAP to β- TCP by replacing the calcium ions. The strongest excitation peak was at 393 nm, and other lower peaks were at 361 nm, 375 nm, 381 nm, 418nm. The strongest emission spectrum appeared at about 618nm. The emission peak （579 nm） showed that Eu^3＋ ions distributed on Ca^2＋ sites of the apatitic structure.

关键词： calcium phosphate nanocrystalline europium

Generation of meaningful synthetic sensor data—Evaluated with a reliable transferability methodology

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 248-264页

作者： Michael Meiser Benjamin Duppe ingo Zinnikus Deutsches Forschungszentrum für künstliche Intelligenz(DFKI) Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3Saarbrücken66123SaarlandGermany

As households are equipped with smart meters,supervised Machine Learning(ML)models and especially Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring(NILM)disaggregation algorithms are becoming increasingly *** be robust,these models require a large amount of data,which is difficult to ***,the generation of meaningful synthetic data is becoming more *** use a simulation framework to generate multiple datasets using different techniques and evaluate their quality statistically by measuring the performance of NILM models for *** demonstrate that the method of data generation is crucial to train ML models in a meaningful *** experiments conducted reveal that adding noise to the synthetic smart meter data is essential to train robust NILM models for *** best results are obtained when this noise is derived from unknown appliances for which no ground truth data is *** we observed that NILM models can provide unstable results,we develop a reliable evaluation methodology,based on Cochran’s sample ***,we compare the quality of the generated synthetic data with real data and observe that multiple NILM models trained on synthetic data perform significantly better than those trained on real data.

关键词： Smart home Synthetic sensor data Energy data Transfer learning Evaluation methodology Machine learning Neural networks NILM Seq2point WindowGRU DAE Seq2seq RNN