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A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin

Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 532-546页

作者： Neelam Younas Leticia Camila Fernandez Flores Franziska hopfner Günter u.höglinger inga Zerr Prion Research Group Department of NeurologyNational Reference Center for Surveillance of TSEUniversitätsklinikum Göttingen:Universitätsmedizin GöttingenGeorg-August UniversityGöttingenGermanyRobert-Koch-Strasse 4037075 GöttingenGermany hannover Medical School Medizinische Hochschule HannoverHannoverGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE) MunichGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE) GöttingenGermany.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of maladies, characterized by progressive loss of neurons. These diseases involve an intricate pattern of cross-talk between different types of cells to maintain specific signaling pathways. A component of such intercellular cross-talk is the exchange of various types of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are a subset of EVs, which are increasingly being known for the role they play in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., synucleinopathies and tauopathies. The ability of the central nervous system exosomes to cross the blood-brain barrier into blood has generated enthusiasm in their study as potential biomarkers. however, the lack of standardized, efficient, and ultra-sensitive methods for the isolation and detection of brain-derived exosomes has hampered the development of effective biomarkers. Exosomes mirror heterogeneous biological changes that occur during the progression of these incurable illnesses, potentially offering a more comprehensive outlook of neurodegenerative disease diagnosis, progression and treatment. In this review, we aim to discuss the challenges and opportunities of peripheral biofluid-based brain-exosomes in the diagnosis and biomarker discovery of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In the later part, we discuss the traditional and emerging methods used for the isolation of exosomes and compare their advantages and disadvantages in clinical settings.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Central nervous system Diagnosis Exosomes Blood-brain barrier Parkinson’s disease

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Inter-relationship of Various Results in Analysis of （14.0 MeV／u） Pb＋Pb Reaction using Mica and CN-85 Track Detectors

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第1期22卷 69-71页

作者： F.N.Khattak E.u.Khan TabassumNasir J.J.Baluch F.u.Khan u.W.C. GomalUniversityDeraIsmailKhanPakistan RadiationPhysicsDivision PINSTECHNiloreIslamabadPakistan DepartmentofPhysics GomalUniversityDeraIsmailKhanPakistan

Two detector materials mica and cellulose-nitrate(CN)-85 have been used to study (14.0MeV/u) Pb + Pb reaction. Events of different multiplicities were registered in mica and CN-85 detectors using the 2π-geometry technique of solid state nuclear track detection. After removing the target material from the detectors the damaged trails in the detectors were revealed as tracks by proper chemical etching. The irradiated area of each sample was scanned and events of different multiplicities were traced. The binary events were bifurcated into elastic and inelastic events. The elastic binary events and three prong events, observed in the reaction, have been used to search out coefficients Cμν in the presence of both the detectors, for the reaction under study. using these coefficients 3- and 4-prong events have been analysed. From the detailed analysis of the results of (14.0MeV/u) Pb+Pb reaction, obtained from mica and CN-85 track detectors we observed a great resemblance of results obtained from the two detectors. Combining the results of both the detectors, we report some important outcomes.

关键词： CN-85轨迹探测器高能物理学铅原子碰撞反应固态

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A carbuncle cure for the harten-Lax-van Leer contact(hLLC)scheme using a novel velocity-based sensor

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2021年第9期42卷 1259-1278页

作者： u.S.VEVEK B.ZANG T.h.NEW Department of Mechanical Materials and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L693BXUnited Kingdom Department of Aerospace Engineering University of BristolBristol BS81TRUnited Kindgdom School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

A hybrid numerical flux scheme is proposed by adapting the carbunclefree modified harten-Lax-van Leer contact(hLLCM) scheme to smoothly revert to the harten-Lax-van Leer contact(hLLC) scheme in regions of shear. This hybrid scheme, referred to as the hLLCT scheme, employs a novel, velocity-based shear sensor. In contrast to the non-local pressure-based shock sensors often used in carbuncle cures, the proposed shear sensor can be computed in a localized manner meaning that the hLLCT scheme can be easily introduced into existing codes without having to implement additional data structures. Through numerical experiments, it is shown that the hLLCT scheme is able to resolve shear layers accurately without succumbing to the shock instability.

关键词： carbuncle shock instability Euler equation numerical flux harten-Laxvan Leer contact(hLLC)scheme

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The surface pollen and relative pollen production of the desert vegetation of the Alashan Plateau, western Inner Mongolia

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第14期48卷 1488-1493页

作者： u.herzschuh h.Kuerschner MAYuzhen InstituteofPlantSystematicsandGeobotany FreeUniversityofBer-lin.Germanw DepartmentofGeography LanzhouUniversityLanzhou730000China

This preliminary investigation focuses on the comparison of the recent pollen precipitation and its related vegetation of eight different plant communities in the Alashan Region, the most western part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Most zonal and azonal communities can be well identified by their pollen spectra. Relative pollen production factors of various plant taxa have been calculated and the following sequences from over- to under represented taxa have been found for zonal vegetation: Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia, Ephedra, Nitraria, Reaumuria, Calligonum, Zygophyllum; and for azonal vegetation: Peganum, Populus, Tamarix, Lycium.

关键词：内蒙古西部沙漠植被花粉植物分布植物群落地带性植被

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Influence of Nitrogen Levels and Application Methods on Yield and Quality of Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2008年第2期18卷 236-241页

作者： A.RAShID R.u.KhAN h.uLLAh Arid Zone Research Irstitute Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University

A field study was conducted for two years at the Arid Zone Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, to determine the optimum level of nitrogen and efficient application method in the production of sorghum （Sorghum bicolor L.）. using four levels of nitrogen, i.e., 0, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha^-1, and two different application methods （soil application and foliar spray）, the experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, where the main plots were used to determine the effective method of application and the subplots were used to detect the influence of N levels on the grain yield. The average data obtained after two years of study indicated an increase in the grain yields with an increase in N levels irrespective of the method used of N application. The grain yield increased from 2.92 to 5.61 t ha^-1 in the plots that were treated with 90 kg N ha^-1 compared with the control plots. Quadratic regression analysis showed that the increase in the yield was higher at the lower levels of N compared with the succeeding higher levels. The soil application method, producing an average grain yield of 4.79 t ha^-1, was found to be superior to the foliar spray method with an average grain yield of 4.56 t ha^-1. The protein content of the grain showed a linear increase with N application, attaining the maximum at 120 kg N ha^-1 in both the methods of N application. In addition, compared with the method of soil application, higher crude protein contents were observed using the method of foliar spray at all N levels.

关键词： foliar spray grain yield N level protein content soil application

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hot Nuclear Matter Equation of State and Finite Temperature Kaon Condensation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第12期25卷 4233-4236页

作者：李昂左维 Schulze h. J. Lombardo u. Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 INFN-LNS Via Santa Sofia 44 I-95123 Catania and Department of Physics and Astrophysics Catania University. Via Santa Sotia 64 I-95123 Italy

We perform a systematic calculation of the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter at finite temperature within the framework of the Brueckner-hartree-Fock approach with a microscopic three-body force. When applying it to the study of hot kaon condensed matter, we find that the thermal effect is more profound in comparison with normal matter, in particular around the threshold density. Also, the increase of temperature makes the equation of state slightly stiffer through suppression of kaon condensation.

关键词： field emission molybdenum dioxide enhancement factor

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MnFe2O4@PANI@Ag heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for Degradation of Industrial Aqueous Organic Pollutants

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第2期32卷 134-141页

作者： Md.Amir u.Kurtan A.Baykal h.Sozeri Department of Chemistry Fatih UniversityCekmecelstanbul 34500 B.Turkey TuBITAK-uME National Merrology InstituteGebzeKocaeli 41470Turkey

This paper reports a stable heterogeneous nanoparticles catalyst MnFe2O4@PANI@Ag for the degradation of azo dyes. In this synthesizing method, MnFe204 is used as magnetic core and polyaniline （PANI） a linker to stabilize the Ag nanoparticles （NPs） on the surface of catalyst. The method has a high ability to prevent Ag NPs from aggregation on the PANI surface, thus resulting in small size and highly dispersed Ag NPs. The composition and nano-structural features of polycrystalline sample were studied by X-ray powder diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microsco- py. Vibrating sample magnetometer measurements proved the super-paramagnetic property of the catalyst, and uV results demonstrated that MnFe2O4@PANI@Ag has a high ability to reduce the azo dyes, which come from industrial wastes in the form of pollutant. The nanocomposites could be readily separated by magnet and reused for the next four reductions with high generation efficiency.

关键词： Ag NPs MnFe2O4 Magnetic nanocatalyst Catalytic degradation Azo dyes

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Characterization of surface liquid segregation in SSM-hPDC aluminium alloys 7075,2024,6082 and A201

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2010年第S3期20卷 847-851页

作者： h.MLLER u.A.CuRLE E.P.MASuKu Materials Science and Manufacturing Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)PretoriaSouth Africa

The surface liquid segregation(SLS) phenomenon in semi-solid metal-high pressure die casting(SSM-hPDC) plates of 7075,2024,6082 and A201 was investigated by different *** profiles were determined by firstly measuring the chemical composition of the surface of the plates using a Thermo Quantris optical emission spectrometer(OES).Material was then removed by a grinding process followed by measurement of the amount of material removed and chemical *** profiles of the main alloying elements were plotted for the cross-section of the plates in the as-cast and T6(after solution treatment) temper *** hardness profiles from the surface to the centre of the plates were *** samples of cross-sections of the castings were prepared and evaluated using a scanning electron *** results show that surface liquid segregation in SSM-hPDC alloys causes significant differences in properties between the surface and the bulk of these castings in both the F and T6 temper conditions.

关键词： semi-solid metal(SSM) forming alloy 7075 alloy 2024 alloy 6082 alloy A201 surface liquid segregation

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Cometary Physics

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紫金山天文台台刊 1996年第2期15卷 26-39页

作者： h.u.Keller Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie 37189 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany

unpredicted apparitions of bright comets appearing on the night sky for a few months movingfast among the stars have intrigued mankind whenever the sky was observed. Records ofcomets are found in the oldest documents and can be still useful as demonstrated during the as-sessment of the non-gravitational forces acting on comet halley(Yeomans and Kiang, 1981).chinese records with relatively precise positions from more than 2000 years ago gave

关键词： Cometary Physics than

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The International Rosetta Mission

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紫金山天文台台刊 1996年第3期15卷 3-11页

作者： h.u.Keller max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie37189 Katlenburg-LindauGermany

The European Space Agency (ESA) launched its science programme horizon 2000 in themid *** programme encompasses four big missions, the cornerstones,in addition tosmaller missions. The four cornerstones are:SOhO/Cluster a solary observatory and in situmeasurements of the Earth magnetosphere,XMM and X-ray observatory,Rosetta a comet ren-dezvous mission,and FIRST a far infrared *** was successfully launched

关键词：卜甲加成入声

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