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Previous encapsulation response enhances within individual protection against fungal parasite in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio mofitor

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Insect Science 2013年第6期20卷 771-777页

作者： Indrikis Krams Janina Daukste inese kivleniece Tatjana Krama Markus J. Rantala Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Institute of Systematic Biology University of Daugavpils Daugavpils Institute of Food Safety Animal Health and Environment BIOR Riga Latvia Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland

Immune defenses of insects show either broad reactions or specificity and durability of induced protection against attacking parasites and pathogens. In this study, we tested whether encapsulation response against nylon monofilament increases between two attempts of activation of immune system in mealworm beetles Tenebrio molitor, and whether previous exposure to nylon monofilament may also increase protection against an entomopathogenic fungus. We found that survival of beetles subjected to immune activation by nylon implant and subsequent fungal exposure a week later was significantly higher than survival of beetles which had been subjected to fimgal infection only. This result suggests that previous immune activation by the nylon implant may be considered as broad spectrum ＂immune priming＂ which helps to fight not only the same intruder but also other parasites.

关键词： antifungal protection ecological immunology encapsulation response,immune priming invertebrate immunity Tenebrio molitor

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Trade-off between cellular immunity and life span in meal- worm beetles Tenebrio molitor

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 340-346页

作者： Indrikis KRAMS Janina DAUKSTE inese kivleniece Ants KAASIK Tatjana KRAMA Todd M. FREEBERG Markus J. RANTALA Institute of Systematic Biology University of Daugavpils LV-5401 Daugavpils Latvia Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu 51014 Tartu Estonia Department of Biology University of Turku FIN-20024 Turku Finland Department of Psychology University of Tennessee TN 37996 Knoxville USA

Encapsulation is a nonspecific, cellular response through which insects defend themselves against multicellular pathogens. During this immune reaction, haemocytes recognize an object as foreign and cause other haemocytes to aggregate and form a capsule around the object, often consisting of melanized cells. The process of melanisation is accompanied by the forma- tion of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species, which can kill not only pathogens but also host cells. In this study we tested whether the encapsulation response is costly in mealworm beetles Tenebrio molitor. We found a negative relationship between the duration of implantation via a nylon monofilament and remaining life span. We also found a negative relationship between the strength of immune response and remaining life span, suggesting that cellular immunity is costly in T. molitor, and that there is a trade-off between immune response and remaining life span. However, this relationship disappeared at 31-32 hours of implanta- tion at 25 ± 2℃. As the disappearance of a relationship between duration of implantation and lifespan coincided with the highest values of encapsulation response, we concluded that the beetles stopped investment in the production of melanotic cells, as the implant, a synthetic parasite, was fully isolated from the host＇s tissues .

关键词： Cost of immunity Cellular immunity Encapsulation Lifespan Tenebrio molitor

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