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A High-Resolution Modeling Strategy to Assess Impacts of Climate Change for Mesoamerica and the Caribbean

American Journal of Climate Change 2016年第2期5卷 202-228页

作者： Robert Oglesby Clinton Rowe Alfred Grunwaldt ines ferreira Franklyn Ruiz Jayaka Campbell Luis Alvarado Francisco Argenal Berta Olmedo Alejandro del Castillo Pilar Lopez Edwards Matos Yosef Nava Carlos Perez Joel Perez Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA Climate Change and Sustainability Division Inter-American Development Bank Washington DC USA Instituto de Hidrología Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia Bogota Colombia University of the West Indies Kingston Jamaica Instituto Meteorológico Nacional Costa Rica San Jose Costa Rica Servicio Meteorológico Nacional de Honduras Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil Tegucigalpa Honduras Empresa de Transmisión Eléctrica Paname?a Ciudad de Panamá Panamá Water Center for the Humid Tropics of Latin America and the Caribbean (CATHALAC) Ciudad de Panamá Panamá Unidad de Análisis Meteorológico Empresa de Transmisión Eléctrica Paname?a Ciudad de Panamá Panamá Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático Mexico City Mexico National Weather Service MARN San Salvador El Salvador

Mesoamerica and the Caribbean are low-latitude regions at risk for the effects of climate change. Global climate models provide large-scale assessment of climate drivers, but, at a horizontal resolution of 100 km, cannot resolve the effects of topography and land use as they impact the local temperature and precipitation that are keys to climate impacts. We developed a robust dynamical downscaling strategy that used the WRF regional climate model to downscale at 4 - 12 km resolution GCM results. Model verification demonstrates the need for such resolution of topography in order to properly simulate temperatures. Precipitation is more difficult to evaluate, being highly variable in time and space. Overall, a 36 km resolution is inadequate;12 km appears reasonable, especially in regions of low topography, but the 4 km resolution provides the best match with observations. This represents a tradeoff between model resolution and the computational effort needed to make simulations. A key goal is to provide climate change specialists in each country with the information they need to evaluate possible future climate change impacts.

关键词： Regional Climate Models Dynamical Downscaling Strategy Mesoamerica and Caribbean Climate Change

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Second-growth and small forest clearings have little effect on the temporal activity patterns of Amazonian phyllostomid bats

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 145-153页

作者： Ricardo ROCHA Adria Lopez-Baucells Fabio Z.Farneda Diogo F.ferreira ines SiLVA Marta AcAcio Jorge M.Palmeirim Christoph F.J.M eyer Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbon1749-016Portugal Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManaus69011-970Brazil Conservation Science Group University of CambridgeCambridgeCB23EJUK Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences Granollers08402Spain Department of Ecology Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro21941-902Brazil CIBI0-lnBI0 Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesUniversity of PortoVairao4485-661Portugal Conservation Ecology Program School of Bioresources and TechnologyKing Mongkufs University of Technology ThonburiBangkok10150Thailand School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwichNR47TJUKand'Ecosystems Environment Research Centre(EERC) School of ScienceEngineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordSalfordM54WTUK

Secondary forests and human-made forest gaps are conspicuous features of tropical ***,behavioral responses to these aspects of anthropogenically modified forests remain poorly ***,we analyze the effects of small human-made clearings and secondary forests on tropical bats by examining the guild-and species-level activity patterns of phyllostomids sampled in the Central Amazon,***,we contrast the temporal activity patterns and degree of temporal overlap of 6 frugivorous and 4 gleaning animalivorous species in old-growth forest and second-growth forest and of 4 frugivores in old-growth forest and forest *** activity patterns of frugivores and gleaning animalivores did not change between old-growth forest and second-growth,nor did the activity patterns of frugivores between old-growth forest and ***,at the species level,we detected significant differences for Artibeus obscurus(old-growth forest ***-growth)and ***(old-growth forest ***).The degree of temporal overlap was greater than random in all sampled ***,for frugivorous species,the degree of temporal overlap was similar between old-growth forest and second-growth;whereas for gleaning animalivores,it was lower in second-growth than in old-growth *** the contrary,forest clearings were characterized by increased temporal overlap between *** in activity patterns and temporal overlap may result from differential foraging opportunities and dissimilar predation ***,our analyses suggest that activity patterns of bats in second-growth and small forest clearings,2 of the most prominent habitats in humanized tropical landscapes,varies little from the activity patterns in old-growth forest.

关键词： Amazon behavior forest gaps niche partitioning secondary forest temporal overlap

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The Evaluation of Polyethylene/Clay Composite from Solid State NMR

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2011年第5期2卷 453-457页

作者： Regina F.Nogueira Maria ines B.Tavares Rosane A.S.San Gil Antonio G.ferreira Departamento de Quimica Universidade Federal de Sao CarlosSao CarlosBrasil Laboratorio de Nanocompositos Polimericos Instituto de Macromoleculas Professora Eloisa Mano da Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrasil Departamento de Quimica Organica da Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrasil

Polymeric nanocomposites based on polyethylene (PE) and Brazilian natural montmorillonite clay (MN) were obtained by melt processing, using a twin-screw extruder. The main objective of this work is focusing on the characterization of composites materials by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The solid-state NMR measurements were used to observe both polymer matrix (through carbon-13 and hydrogen nuclei) and the clay (silicon-29 and aluminum-27). The polymer matrix analyses were carried out applying solid state techniques, such as: cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS), variable contact time (VCT) and by the proton spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame parameter (T1ρH), detected from the resolved carbon-13 decay of the VCT experiment and through the determination of spin-lattice relaxation time, T1H (using low field NMR). The clay was analyzed by 29Si and 27Al, employing MAS NMR technique. From those techniques we can have principally response on clay dispersion in the polyethylene matrix, as well as the interactions between both components in the nanostructured material. The T1H response was an important result which showed, that the materials formed, presented different molecular domains (according to the domain size that varied from 25 to 50 nm, measured by relaxation), considering the clay dispersion mode in terms of intercalation and/or exfoliation in the polymer matrix.

关键词： NMR Polymer Polyethylene Clay Montmorillonite

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Effect of Ultra-Turrax on Nanocellulose Produced by Acid Hydrolysis and Modified by Nano ZnO by Sol-Gel Method

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2020年第2期11卷 150-166页

作者： Amanda Ramos Aragao Melo Jose Carlos Dutra Filho Roberto Pinto Cucinelli Neto Wellington Silva ferreira Braulio Soares Archanjo Raphael Verdan Curti Maria ines Bruno Tavares Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBl J do Centro de TecnologiaIlh do FundaoRio de JaneiroRJBrasil Instituto SENAI de Inovacao em Biossintéticos e Fibras Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrasil Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrasil Divisao de Metrologia de Materiais Instituto Nacional de MetrologiaQualidade e Tecnologia(INMETRO)Duque de CaxiasBrasil

Cellulose nanocrystals (NCC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were obtained by a single step process, with synergy between 64% sulfuric acid hydrolysis and high shear from ultra-turrax stirring, which is an advantageous process for disintegrating cellulose microcrystalline and also may improve the hydrolysis process. The surface modification on the cellulose was performed by the sol-gel process, in which the sulfate groups from hydrolysis were replaced by nanoparticles of zinc oxide, which led to the increase of up to 54°C Tonset, according to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results. The morphology and crystallinity degree were characterized by Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the ZnO band was observed in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, furthermore, the change in the zeta potential confirmed the cellulose modification. The changes in the values of proton spin-spin relaxation time for the systems showing the confined hydrogen in the rigid domains, confirmed the results observed with the aforementioned techniques, for both cellulose after hydrolysis and ZnO modified cellulose, suggesting that ZnO disrupted crystal formation in cellulose.

关键词： Cellulose Nanocrystal Cellulose Nanofibril Nano Zinc Oxide Acid Hydrolysis Sol-Gel

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CTNS Molecular Genetics Profile in a Portuguese Cystinosis Population

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Open Journal of Genetics 2018年第4期8卷 91-100页

作者： Filipa ferreira ines Leal David Sousa Teresa Costa Conceicao Mota Ana Marta Gomes Daniela Lopes Maria do Carmo Macario Isabel Tavares Helena Pinto Joao Paulo Oliveira Rita Magrico Celia Carmona Sonia Ramos Raquel Neiva Ana Marcao Laura Vilarinho Newborn Screening Metabolism and Genetics UnitHuman Genetics DepartmentNational Institute of Health Dr Ricardo JorgePortoPortugal Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte Hospital de Santa MariaLisboaPortugal Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto PortoPortugal Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia EspinhoPortugal Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Coimbra CHUCCoimbraPortugal Servico de Genetica Medica Centro Hospitalar de Sao JoaoPortoPortugal Unidade de Genetica Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal I3S—Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude PortoPortugal Servico de Nefrologia do Hospital Garcia de Orta AlmadaPortugal Research and Development Unit Department of Human GeneticsNational Institute of Health Dr Ricardo JorgePortoPortugal

Background: Cystinosis is a multisystemic autosomal recessive deficiency of the lysosomal membrane transporter protein (cystinosin) caused by mutations in CTNS gene. Objective: This study summarizes the Portuguese experience in the diagnosis and management of patients with this rare disease over the past few years and reports recurrent mutations in the CTNS gene. Methods: Unrelated patients from different pediatric and adult hospitals all over Portugal with non-nephrotic proteinuria, hypercalciuria, hypokalemia impaired proximal reabsorption of amino acids, glycosuria and hypophosphatemia, suggestive of a Fanconi syndrome and ocular problems, were studied. Intra-leukocyte cystine levels were determined and molecular analysis was performed, to determine the presence or absence of the 57-kb deletion in CTNS, followed by direct sequencing of the coding exons of CTNS. Results: From 1998 to 2017, twenty-one cystinotic patients were biochemically diagnosed. From the remaining seventeen (four deceased), eleven were studied for CTNS gene. Five out of eleven patients were homozygous for the 57-kb deletion (10/22;45.5%), and other five were compound heterozygous for this variant (15/22;68.2%). The other mutations found were p.Q128X (c.721 C>T;2/22), p.S139F (c.755 C>T;4/22) and c.18-21delGACT (p.T7FfsX7;1/22). All of these seventeen cystinotic patients are in treatment. Approximately 84% are adults, 16% are young children, and 54.5% are kidney transplant recipient. Conclusions: The authors would like to emphasize the importance of first screening for the 57-kb deletion since it is very common in our population. This genetic study is the first in our country and it could be the basis for future genetic counseling in Portuguese population.

关键词： Cystinosis CTNS Gene Mutational Spectrum Kidney Failure 57-kb Deletion

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Does Playing Games Contribute to Develop Better Attitudes？

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Psychology Research 2014年第4期4卷 301-309页

作者： Maria Thereza Costa Coelho de Souza Ana Lucia Petty Camila Tarif ferreira Folquitto Mariana ines Garbarino Tamires Alves Monteiro University of Sao Paulo S~o Paulo Brazil

This research was held at the Laboratory of Studies about Development and Learning (Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo) for the period of three semesters in which children with learning disabilities aged 7-11 years were observed in a game context mediated by professionals. It investigated in which categories playing games interfered in the construction of favorable attitudes towards the learning and development processes. To collect data researchers used a questionnaire, answered in the beginning and at the end of each semester, and where attitudes were registered considering four categories: time, space, objects and interaction. A total of 88 questionnaires were analyzed. Results show that: (1) All categories increased scores; (2) There was no decrease in any category; (3) At space and objects there were more visible changes, comparing high scores between the first and third semesters, increasing 25% and 36% respectively; (4) At time and interaction, changes showed 20% high score increase in both, also comparing first with third semester; and (5) It was identified a decrease in low scores at time and there were not visible changes at interaction. Taking Piaget"s theory as reference and the practice in seeing children with learning disabilities at the laboratory, playing games in an intervention context contributes to help them build up better attitudes towards reasoning and social development.

关键词：游戏背景学习障碍开发专业人士研究人员相互作用社会发展实验室

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