检索结果-南通市图书馆

Insect Science 2013年第6期20卷 771-777页

作者： indrikis krams Janina Daukste Inese Kivleniece Tatjana.kram. Markus J. Rantala Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Institute of Systematic Biology University of Daugavpils Daugavpils Institute of Food Safety Animal Health and Environment BIOR Riga Latvia Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland

Immune defenses of insects show either broad reactions or specificity and durability of induced protection against attacking parasites and pathogens. In this study, we tested whether encapsulation response against nylon monofilament increases between two attempts of activation of immune system in mealworm beetles Tenebrio molitor, and whether previous exposure to nylon monofilament may also increase protection against an entomopathogenic fungus. We found that survival of beetles subjected to immune activation by nylon implant and subsequent fungal exposure a week later was significantly higher than survival of beetles which had been subjected to fimgal infection only. This result suggests that previous immune activation by the nylon implant may be considered as broad spectrum ＂immune priming＂ which helps to fight not only the same intruder but also other parasites.

关键词： antifungal protection ecological immunology encapsulation response,immune priming invertebrate immunity Tenebrio molitor

Abundance of insects and aerial insectivorous birds in relation to pesticide and fertilizer use

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 412-420页

作者： Anders Pape Møller Dorota Czeszczewik Einar Flensted-Jensen Johannes Erritzøe indrikis krams Karsten Laursen Wei Liang Wiesław Walankiewicz Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-Saclay91405 Orsay CedexFrance Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences Institute of Biological SciencesSiedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanitiesul.B.Prusa 1408-110 SiedlcePoland Cypresvej 1 9700 BrønderslevDenmark House of Bird Research Taps6070 ChristiansfeldDenmark Department of Biotechnology Daugavpils UniversityDaugavpils 5401Latvia Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityGrenåvej 148410 RøndeDenmark Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China

Background:The abundance of insects has decreased considerably during recent decades,resulting in current abundance showing 70-80%reductions in more than 15 studies across temperate climate *** reduc-tions in the abundance of insects are likely to have consequences for other taxa at higher trophic levels such as preda-tors and ***,fertilizers and agricultural land use are likely candidates accounting for such reductions in the abundance of ***:Here we surveyed the abundance of flying insects,and the reduction in the abundance of insects as a consequence of intensive reduction in agricultural practice linked to fertilizer use and pesticide *** we dem-onstrated consistency in abundance of birds among study ***:We demonstrated that the use of fertilizers and pesticides had reduced the abundance of insects,with consequences for the abundance of insectivorous bird species such as Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica),House Martins(Delichon urbicum)and Swifts(Apus apus).Juvenile Barn Swallows were negatively affected by the reduced abundance of insects and hence the reproductive success of insectivorous bird *** effects imply that the abundance of insects could be reduced by the availability of insect ***:These effects of intensive agriculture on insect food abundance are likely to have negative impacts on populations of insects and their avian *** hypothesis was validated by a reduction in the abundance of insects,linked to an increase in the abundance of fertilizers and a general change in farming practice.

关键词： Aerial insectivores Fecundity of insects Insect abundance Insectivores,Insects

Effects of food quality on trade-offs among growth, immunity and survival in the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 431-439页

作者： indrikis krams Sanita Kecko Katariina Kangassalo Fhionna R. Moore Eriks Jankevics Inna Inashkina Tatjana.kram. Vilnis Lietuvietis Laila Meija Markus J. Rantala Institute of Systematic Biology University of Daugavpils 5401 Daugavpils Latvia Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu 51014 Tartu Estonia Department of Biology Section of Ecology University of Turku 20014 Turku Finland School of Psychology University of Dundee Dundee DD1 4HN UK Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre 1067 RTga Latvia Department of Plant Protection Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Science Tartu Estonia Riga Stradins University 1007 Riga Latvia

The resources available to an individual in any given environment are finite, and variation in life history traits reflect differential allocation of these resources to competing life functions. Nutritional quality of food is of particular importance in these life history decisions. In this study, we tested trade-offs among growth, immunity and survival in 3 groups of greater wax moth （Galleria mellonella） larvae fed on diets of high and average nutritional quality. We found rapid growth and weak immunity （as measured by encapsulation response） in the larvae of the high-energy food group. It took longer to develop on food of average nutritional quality. However, encapsulation response was stronger in this group. The larvae grew longer in the low-energy food group, and had the strongest encapsulation response. We observed the highest survival rates in larvae of the low-energy food group, while the highest mortality rates were observed in the high-energy food group. A significant negative correlation between body mass and the strength of encapsulation response was found only in the high-energy food group revealing significant competition between growth and immunity only at the highest rates of growth. The results of this study help to establish relationships between types of food, its nutritional value and life history traits of G. mellonella larvae.

关键词： Galleria mellonella growth immunity life history nutrition survival

Spider odors induce stoichiometric changes in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 127-129页

作者： Ronalds kramS Tatjana.kram. Maris MUNKEVICS Sarah EICHLER David M.BUTLER Linda DOBKEVICA Priit JOERS Jorge CONTRERAS-GARDUNO Janina DAUKSTE indrikis a.kram. Plant Health Estonian University of Life SciencesTartu 51006Estonia Department of Biotechnology Daugavpils UniversityDaugavpils 5401Latvia Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of TartuTartu 51010Estonia Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology Faculty of BiologyUniversity of LatviaRiga 1004Latvia Department of Biological Sciences Kent State UniversityOhioSalem 4460USA Department of Plant Sciences University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996-4561USA Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Geography and Earth SciencesUniversity of LatviaRiga 1004Latvia Department of General and Microbial Biochemistry University of TartuTartu 51010Estonia Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMorelia 58190Mexico Institute of Food Safety Animal Health and Environment BIORRiga 1076Latvia Department of Psychology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996-4561USA

Animal senses and signals are amazingly diverse,and the major modalities by which animals acquire sensory input from their environments are sound,light,vibration,and chemical *** mainly rely on visual,nociceptive,and olfactory cues to discriminate between rewards and *** has been shown that the visual and olfactory cues of predators substantially affect the adult phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster(krams et al.2016),a prominent animal model for biological research.

关键词： melanogaster cues Drosophila

Trade-off between cellular immunity and life span in meal- worm beetles Tenebrio molitor

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 340-346页

作者： indrikis kramS Janina DAUKSTE Inese KIVLENIECE Ants KAASIK Tatjana.kram. Todd M. FREEBERG Markus J. RANTALA Institute of Systematic Biology University of Daugavpils LV-5401 Daugavpils Latvia Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu 51014 Tartu Estonia Department of Biology University of Turku FIN-20024 Turku Finland Department of Psychology University of Tennessee TN 37996 Knoxville USA

Encapsulation is a nonspecific, cellular response through which insects defend themselves against multicellular pathogens. During this immune reaction, haemocytes recognize an object as foreign and cause other haemocytes to aggregate and form a capsule around the object, often consisting of melanized cells. The process of melanisation is accompanied by the forma- tion of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species, which can kill not only pathogens but also host cells. In this study we tested whether the encapsulation response is costly in mealworm beetles Tenebrio molitor. We found a negative relationship between the duration of implantation via a nylon monofilament and remaining life span. We also found a negative relationship between the strength of immune response and remaining life span, suggesting that cellular immunity is costly in T. molitor, and that there is a trade-off between immune response and remaining life span. However, this relationship disappeared at 31-32 hours of implanta- tion at 25 ± 2℃. As the disappearance of a relationship between duration of implantation and lifespan coincided with the highest values of encapsulation response, we concluded that the beetles stopped investment in the production of melanotic cells, as the implant, a synthetic parasite, was fully isolated from the host＇s tissues .

关键词： Cost of immunity Cellular immunity Encapsulation Lifespan Tenebrio molitor

Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Some Bryophytes

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in Microbiology 2012年第3期2卷 345-353页

作者： Vizma Nikolajeva Ligita Liepina Zaiga Petrina Guntra Krumina Mara Grube indrikis Muiznieks Faculty of Biology University of Latvia Riga Latvia Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Latvia Riga Latvia

The antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of 11 Bryophyta species and 9 Marchantiophyta species collected in Latvia was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. The extract of Lophocolea heterophylla inhibited the growth of B. cereus, but none of the tested extracts inhibited the growth of E. coli. 70% of bryophyte species demonstrated certain activity in relation to S. aureus. In general, 73% of ethanolic extracts and 39% of aqueous extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The highest degree of antibacterial activity against S. aureus was shown by the ethanolic extract of Dicranum scoparium and aqueous extracts of Atrichum undulatum and Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus. The bactericidal action was not ascertained. For the first time antimicrobial activity has been proved for three moss species—Eurhynchium angustirete, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus and Rhodobryum roseum, and for two liverwort species Frullania dilatata and Lophocolea heterophylla. Qualitative and quantitative differences of plant extracts were evaluated by FT-IR spectra.

关键词： Bryophyta Marchantiophyta Antimicrobial Activity

Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Extraction. Does the Operator Performance Affect Processing Efficacy？

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016年第5期4卷 192-198页

作者： Jakobsons Eriks Cakstina Inese Erglis Kristaps Erglis Martins Pirtniece Liene Elina Krumina NarbuteInga Briede Ieva Jegere Sanda Smolova Rita Muiznieks indrikis Erglis Andrejs Latvian Centre of Cardiology Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital Riga L V-1002 Latvia Cell Transplantation Centre Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospita l Riga LV-1002 Latvia Research Institute of Cardiology University of Latvia Riga LV-1586 Latvia Department of Biology Division of Microbiology and Bioteehnology University of Latvia Riga LV-1586 Latvia

Different cell populations from bone marrow are used in various clinical trials for cardiac diseases during last decade. Four clinical studies are on going in our institution and enrol patients with cardiac diseases, coronary disease and type 2 diabetes, patients with osteoarthritis. Density gradient is used to separate bone marrow mononuclear cells. Cell processing looses are significant. To find out critical control points we analysed processing process and differences in cell yields between operators performing cell extraction. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated using Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Cells were counted using flow cytometry for mononuclear cell total counts, CD34＋ population count and viability analysis. The patients who underwent bone marrow aspiration followed by cell isolation received cell suspension for transplantation. Two cells processing for separate patients were performed at once. Same standard operation procedures were applied. Processing looses between operators performing cell extraction were analysed. Bone marrow samples from eight patients were processed. Mononuclear cells were extracted. Operator performances were compared. Operator A average bone marrow mononuclear cell yield in starting material was 9,97 ± 9,98 %, CD34＋ population yield 75,46±79,67%. Operator B average bone marrow mononuclear cell yield in starting material was 24,68 ± 14,8 %, CD34＋ population yield 70,42 ±44.84%. Operator A average cell viability in starting material was 45,24 ± 9,55%, after cell processing 42,96 ± 23,66 %. Operator B average cell viability in starting material was 49,85 ± 5,48%, after cell processing 69,52 ± 6,65 %.

关键词： Bone marrow mononuclear cells cell yield cell extraction cell count