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Electrodeposition of cobalt from aqueous sulphate solutions in the presence of tetra ethyl ammonium bromide

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2015年第6期25卷 2047-2053页

作者： Pinak PATNAIK Subrat Kumar PADHY Bankim Chandra TRIPATHY indra narayan bhattacharya Raja Kishore PARAMGURU CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Hydro and Electrometallurgy Department Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Training and Development Complex School of Mechanical Engineering KIIT University

The effect of tetra ethyl ammonium bromide （TEAB） as an additive on the structural, morphological characteristics of the cobalt metal produced from aqueous sulphate solutions was investigated. The concentration of TEAB was varied in a range of 1-50 mg/L to evaluate its effect on current efficiency, energy consumption and quality of electrodeposited cobalt metal. Smooth and bright deposits of cobalt were obtained at low concentration of TEAB （10 mg/L） maintaining a current efficiency of 99.6%, with a low energy consumption of 2.38 kW＇h/kg. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that （100） plane is the most preferred plane of crystal growth during cobalt electrodeposition. Scanning electron micrographs indicate that smooth and uniform deposit of cobalt is obtained at 10 mg/L beyond which the deposit quality deteriorates. Cyclic voltammetric studies indicate that the presence of TEAB in the electrolytic bath polarizes the cathode and decreases the cathodic current considerably. XPS results confirm the electrodeposition of high pure cobalt with no sign of chemical bonding with TEAB as evident from the FTIR spectra.

关键词： cobalt tetra ethyl ammonium bromide (TEAB) electrodeposition polarisation study current efficiency deposit morphology

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Suboptimal Robust Stabilization of Discrete-time Mismatched Nonlinear System

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2018年第1期5卷 352-359页

作者： Niladri Sekhar Tripathy indra narayan Kar Kolin Paul Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi Delphi-110016 India IEEE

This paper proposes a discrete-time robust control technique for an uncertain nonlinear system. The uncertainty mainly affects the system dynamics due to mismatched parameter variation which is bounded by a predefined known function. In order to compensate the effect of uncertainty, a robust control input is derived by formulating an equivalent optimal control problem for a virtual nominal system with a modified costfunctional. To derive the stabilizing control law for a mismatched system, this paper introduces another control input named as virtual input. This virtual input is not applied directly to stabilize the uncertain system, rather it is used to define a sufficient condition. To solve the nonlinear optimal control problem, a discretetime general Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman(DT-GHJB) equation is considered and it is approximated numerically through a neural network(NN) implementation. The approximated solution of DTGHJB is used to compute the suboptimal control input for the virtual system. The suboptimal inputs for the virtual system ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop uncertain system. A numerical example is illustrated with simulation results to prove the efficacy of the proposed control algorithm.

关键词： Discrete-time general Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman(DT-HJB) equation discrete-time optimal control discrete-time robust control mismatched uncertainty nonlinear optimal control

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变时滞不确定Lurie系统的时滞分布依赖鲁棒稳定性分析(英文)

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自动化学报 2012年第7期38卷 1100-1106页

作者： MUKHIJA Pankaj KAR indra narayan BHATT Rajendra Kumar Purushottam Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

In this paper, the problem of robust absolute stability of Lurie system with probabilistic time-varying delay and normbounded parametric uncertainty is considered. The time delay variation range is divided into two sub-intervals. By considering the probability distribution of the time-varying delay between the two sub-intervals and the knowledge of the delay variation range, a novel linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) based stability condition is derived by defining a Lyapunov Krasovskii functional. It is illustrated with the help of numerical examples that the derived stability criteria can lead to less conservative results as compared to the results obtained by the traditional method of using the delay variation range information only.

关键词： Lurie系统时间延迟鲁棒稳定性分析时变时滞 Lyapunov泛函鲁棒绝对稳定性线性矩阵不等式参数不确定性

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Analysis of Fatigue Strain, Fatigue Modulus and Fatigue Damage for the Model Formulation of Concrete Based on Strain Life Approach

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Engineering（科研） 2019年第9期11卷 642-674页

作者： indra narayan Yadav Kamal Bahadur Thapa Department of Civil Engineering Institute of Engineering Tribhuvan University Pulchowk Campus Lalitpur Nepal

Analysis of fatigue strain, fatigue modulus and fatigue damage for the modeling of concrete plays a vital role in the evolution material behaviour which is heterogeneous and anisotropic in nature. The Level-S nonlinear fatigue strain curve, fatigue modulus curve, residual strain curve of concrete in compression, tension, flexure and torsional fatigue loading were proposed using strain life approach. The parameters such as physical meaning, the ranges, and the impact on the shape of the curve were discussed. Then, the evolution model of fatigue modulus was established based on the fatigue strain, fatigue modulus, residual strain and secondary strain evolution model. The hypothesis of fatigue modulus is inversely related with the fatigue strain amplitude. The fatigue evolution of concrete damages the bond between material grains, changed the orientation of structure of molecules and affects the elastic properties resulting in the reduction of material stiffness and modulus by formation of microcracking, macro cracking, cracking and finally damage. This paper presents the fatigue strain life model and analysis of fatigue strain, fatigue modulus and damage parameters of concrete which is capable of predicting stiffness degradation, inelastic deformation, and strength reduction under fatigue loading and experimental results were employed for the validation of the theoretical model.

关键词： Fatigue Strain Life Approach Fatigue Strain Evolution Model Fatigue Modulus Evolution Model Fatigue Residual Strain Evolution Model Fatigue Secondary Strain Stiffness

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