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Childhood malaria in the Niger delta area of Nigeria:mothers/care givers'perception,definition and treatment practices

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第3期2卷 52-58页

作者： Idogun e.Syl.e.ter Airauhi l.U Department of Chemical Pathology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin City Department of Medical Microbiology Biology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin City

Objective:The objective of the study was to evaluate mothers/care givers perception of malaria,their treatment practices and the effects on the outcome of ***:Four hundred and sixty children were enrol.e. and their mothers/care givers *** children were screened for malaria parasitaemia and there after,blood specimens were obtained for biochemical and haematological.e.aluation from those children who met the criteria and tested positive to *** *** cell volume,electrolytes,urea, creatinine,plasma glucose,and serum bilirubin were ***:A total of 460 children were studied, 233(50.7%) males and 227(49.3%) *** malaria cases were 112(24.3%) and severe malaria 348(75.7%).Those who presented early 106(23.0%) and those who presented late 354(77.0%).Perception and definition of malaria as well as the treatment seeking behaviors vary significantly with the level of education of the mothers and care *** without formal.e.ucation 68(51.9%) wrongly perceived that the etiology of malaria can only be diagnosed by native doctors compared to those with primary six education 61 (26.5%) and junior secondary education 10(10.1%).Only 43(9.3%) gave the correct dose of chloroquine syrup to their sick children,while 32(7.0%) gave at sub optimal ***:Wrong perception of malaria especially the complicated malaria and wrong treatment practices are major contributory factors to the high mortality and morbidity of malaria in *** is therefore a need for health education to correct the wrong ideas about the cause and treatment practices of malaria as part of malaria control programme.

关键词： Childhood malaria Mothers/Caregivers Perception and treatment practices Nigeria

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Tolerance to individual and joint effects of arsenic and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis or lysinibacillus sphaericus in Culex mosquitoes

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 477-485页

作者： Christina l. Mogren William e. Walton John T. Trumble Department of entomology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Arsenic contamination of global water suppl.e. has come to the forefront in policy decisions in recent decades. However, the effects of arsenic on lower trophic levels of insects inhabiting contaminated ecosystems are not well understood. One approach to document both acute and sublethal.e.fects of toxicants like arsenic is to assay them in combination with microbial pathogens to evaluate shifts in survival curves of the test organisms. larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis were reared in water containing 0 or 1 000μg/l of arsenate or arsenite. Fourth instars were then exposed to a range of doses of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis （Bti） or lysinibacillus sphaericus （ls）, with shifts in lethal concentrations determined. Arsenic accumulation in 4th instars was also quantified, and a relative growth index （RGI） calculated for the treatments and compared to controls. larvae of both species accumulated between 4 447 ± 169 ng As/g and 6 983 4- 367 ng As/g, though RGI val.e. indicated accumulation did not affect growth and development. In all cases, the lC50＇s and lC90＇s of Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed jointly with arsenic and Bti/ls were higher than Cx. tarsafis. Cx. tarsafis reared in arsenite showed a significant reduction in their Bti lC90 val.e. compared to the control, indicating a sublethal.e.fect of Bti. When exposed jointly with ls, arsenite was more toxic than arsenate in Cx. tarsalis. Overall, these results indicate tolerance of these Culex species to arsenic exposures, and why this may occur is discussed.

关键词： arsenate arsenite Bsph Bti Culex tarsalis Culex quinquefasciatus

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热处理对苹果芽萌发的效应

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园艺学报 1982年第2期 13-18页

作者：黄辉白,l.e.鲍威尔华南农学院园艺系美国康乃尔大学果树系广东省广州

在冬季休眠期间对苹果枝进行热处理,发现需冷度不同的品种反应很不一致,有的萌芽受促进,有的受抑制;顶芽和侧芽的反应也不同。认为Chandler关于热处理能取代需冷性的论断过于简单。

关键词：反应苹果内在机理顶芽冷度侧芽腋芽脱落酸

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Tungsten Promoted Ni/Al_2O_3 Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 470-477页

作者： Thomas Suhartanto Andrew P. e. York Malcolm l. H. Green Wolfson Catalysis Centre Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordWolfson Catalysis Centre Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordWolfson Catalysis Centre Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UKSouth Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UKSouth Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK

A series of tungsten promoted alumina supported nickel catalysts has been prepared for the carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas. The catalysts have been characterized by means of XRD, TeM, and laser Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the addition of tungsten to the nickel catalyst can stabilize the catalyst and increase the resistance to carbon deposition. Adding a suitable amount of tungsten can also increase the catalyst activity to be close to that of supported noble metal catalysts. The carburisation of the tungsten modified nickel catalyst decreases the catalyst activity at lower reaction temperatures(effect on the catalyst performance at higher reaction temperatures. The alumina supported nickel catalyst modified by 0.67%(mass fraction) WO_3 has the equivalent equilibrium constant of the dry reforming reaction to that of alumina supported 5%(mass fraction) Ru at 873 K, and also has a lower activation energy for dry reforming than the latter.

关键词： Nickel catalyst Tungsten modifier CO_2 reforming Methane Syngas

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Prognostic factors in periodontal therapy and their association with treatment outcomes

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第12期2卷 822-827页

作者： Andreas l Ioannou Georgios A Kotsakis James e Hinrichs Advanced education in Periodontology Division of Periodontology University of Minnesota Minnesota MN 55455 United States

During the incipient steps of periodontal treatment, clinicians are usually asked to predict the prognosis of teeth with compromised periodontium. The aim of this literature review was to investigate the association between periodontal Prognosis, Tooth loss and risk indicators, such as smoking and genetics. Results showed that the definition of good prognosis has much higher predictability than the one for questionable prognosis. Several risk indicators for periodontal prognosis and tooth loss are discussed as well as different definitions of questionable prognosis and their success in predicting tooth loss. In conclusion, the major focus of future studies should be to construct simplified prognostic models with high predictability that will increase the confidence of dentists and periodontists when assigning teeth prognosis.

关键词： Periodontal prognosis Tooth loss Risk indicators Periodontitis

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The aggressive invasion of exotic reptiles in Florida with a focus on prominent species： A review

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 599-612页

作者： Richard eNGeMAN elliott JACOBSON Michael l. AVeRY Wal.e. e. MeSHAKA, Jr. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Ctr 4101 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA Col.e.e of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Ctr 2820 East University Ave. Gainesville FL 32641 USA The State Museum of Pennsylvania 300 North Street Harrisburg Pennsylvania 17120 USA

Florida, along with Hawaii, has among the two worst invasive species problems in the USA, and the state is espe-cially susceptible to establishment by al.e. reptiles. Besides the large numbers of established non-native reptile species in Florida, many of these species present novel difficulties for management, or have other characteristics making effective management ex-tremely chal.e.ging. Moreover, initiation of management action requires more than recognition by experts that a potentially harmful species has become established. It also requires the political will along with concomitant resources and appropriate per-sonnel to develop effective methods and apply them. We review the situation in Florida, including assessment of risk for estab- lishment, and we use a subset of prominent species to illustrate in more detail the array of invasive reptile species circumstances in Florida, including routes of introduction, impacts, and potential and implemented management actions. These examples not only highlight the severity of the invasive reptile problems in the state, but they also show the diversity in resol.e.and response towards them and the motivating factors [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 599-612, 2011].

关键词： Argentine black and white tegus Biophysical.e.ology Burmese pythons Control Green and spiny-tailed iguanas,Invasive species Nile monitors Northern curlytail lizards

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Nitric oxide activation of a potassium channel (BK_(Ca)) in feline lower esophageal sphincter

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第46期16卷 5852-5860页

作者： Marie-Claude l'Heureux Ahmad Muinuddin Herbert Y Gaisano Nicholas e Diamant Department of Physiology University of Toronto Ahmad Muinuddin Nicholas E DiamantToronto Western Research InstituteUniversity Health Network Department of Medicine University of Toronto

AIM:To assess the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the large conductance potassium channel (BKCa) in isolated circular (CM) and sling (SM) muscle cells and muscle strips from the cat lower esophageal sphincter (leS) to determine its regulation of resting tone and ***:Freshly enzymatically-digested and isolated circular smooth muscle cells were prepared from each leS *** study outward K + currents,the perforated patch clamp technique was *** assess leS resting tone and relaxation,muscle strips were mounted in perfused organ ***:(1) electrophysiological recordings from isolated cells:(a) CM was more depolarized than SM (-39.7 ± 0.8mV vs-48.1 ± 1.6 mV,P l outward current was similar (27.1 ± 1.5 pA/pF vs 25.7 ± 2.0 pA/pF,P > 0.05);(b) The NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) increased outward currents only in CM (25.9 ± 1.9 to 46.7 ± 4.2 pA/pF,P 0.05);(c) SNP added in the presence of the BK Ca antagonist iberiotoxin (IbTX) produced no increase in the outward current in CM (17.0 ± 2.8 vs 13.7 ± 2.2,P > 0.05);and (d) l-NNA caused a small insignificant inhibition of outward K + currents in both muscles;and (2) Muscle strip studies:(a) Blockade of the nerves with tetrodotoxin (TTX),or BK Ca with IbTX had no significant effect on resting tone of either muscle;and (b) SNP reduced tone in both muscles,and was unaffected by the presence of TTX or ***:exogenous NO activates BK Ca only in CM of the ***,as opposed to other species,exogenous NO-induced relaxation is predominantly by a non-BK Ca mechanism,and endogenous NO has minimal.e.fect on resting tone.

关键词： Circular smooth muscle Feline K+ channel lower esophageal sphincter Nitric oxide Sling Tone

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effect of Crystallization Conditions on Polymorphic Diversity of Malic Acid RS-Racemate

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2013年第2期19卷 86-91页

作者： Isakov A I Kotelnikova e N Kryuchkova l Yu lorenz H St.Petersburg State University St.Petersburg 199034Russia Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg 39106Germany

enantiomers （R （＋） and S（-））, RS-racemate mixture of enantiomers） of malic acid C4H605 have been （double compound） and （R ＋ S） -conglomerate （mechanical investigated by means of X-ray diffractometry and high tern- perature X-ray diffraction method. The RS-racemate was found to be able to form three polymorphic modifications, which we denominated as M1 （monoclinic, space group P21/c）, M2 （monoclinic, space group Cc）, and Tc （triclinic, space group P-l ）, the latter modification having been unknown before. Modification Tc was also described, and its X- ray diffraction characteristics, including interplanar spacings d, hkl indices, unit cell parameters, were defined. In addi- tion, X-ray diffraction characteristics for both reported earl.e. M1 and M2 monoclinic polymorphic modifications were measured with higher accuracy. The ability of RS-racemate to form one of the above three modifications （MI, M2, and Tc） or their mixtures containing various proportions and combinations of the components （M1 ＋ M2, M1 ＋ Tc, or M2 ＋ Tc） was found to depend on the type of crystallization medium （a melt, aqueous medium, ethanol or acetone solu- tion）, crystallization rate （from 2--3 minutes to 4 months）, and crystallization temperature. Heating S-enantiomer and M1 RS-racemate up to their respective melting points （100 ℃ and 124 ℃, correspondingly） only made them undergo thermal deformations, while heating （R ＋ S） -conglomerate in the temperature range of 96--110 ℃ resul.e. in its homogenization to form M2 RS-racemate, which, near the melting point （118 ℃）, namely, in the range of 112-116 ℃, was transformed into MI RS-racemate. Keywords： polvmorDhism; racemic, chiral

关键词： polymorphism racemic chiral

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The ePSPS Pro106Ser substitution solely accounts for glyphosate resistance in a goosegrass(eleusine indica) population from Tennessee, United States

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第6期15卷 1304-1312页

作者： Janel l Huffman Chance W Riggins lawrence e Steckel Patrick J Tranel Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA Department of Plant Sciences University of Tennessee Jackson TN 38301 USA

Previous studies have documented the occurrence of glyphosate-resistant （GR） goosegrass （eleusine indica （l.） Gaertn.） and, in at least some cases, resistance is due to an al.e.ed target site. Research was performed to determine if an al.e.ed target site was responsible for GR in a Tennessee, United States goosegrass population （TennGR）. DNA sequencing revealed a mutation in TennGR plants conferring the Prol06Ser 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase （ePSPS） substitution previously identified in other GR populations. F2 populations were derived from TennGR plants crossed with plants from a glyphosate-susceptible population （TennGS） and analyzed for their response to glyphosate and genotyped at the ePSPS locus. Plants from the F2 populations segregated 1：2：1 sensitive：intermediate：resistant in response to a selec- tive dose of glyphosate, and these responses co-segregated with the ePSPS genotypes （PP106, PS106, and SS106）. To separately investigate the effect of the Prol06Ser substitution on GR, glyphosate dose-response curves and 50% effective dose （eDso） val.e. were compared among the three genotypes and the two parental populations. The SS106 genotype was 3.4-fold resistant relative to the PP106 genotype, identical to the resistance level obtained when comparing the resistant and susceptible parental populations. We conclude that the mutation conferring a Prol06Ser ePSPS mutation is solely responsible for GR in the TennGR goosegrass population.

关键词： herbicide resistance monogenic trait glyphosate PCR amplification of specific al.e.es (PASA) ePSPS target-site mutation

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Tree regeneration in gap-understory mosaics in a subtropical Shorea robusta(Sal) forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 2061-2068页

作者： l.N.Sharma K.B.Shrestha I.e.Maren Forest Action Nepal GPO-12207 LalitpurNepal Department of Biological Sciences University of BergenThormoensgate 53B5007 BergenNorway

Spatial variation in tree-regeneration density is attributed to the specialization of tree species to light availability for germination and *** availability,in turn,varies across the gap-understorey *** gaps provide an important habitat for the regeneration of tree species that would otherwise be suppressed in the *** subtropical forests,there is still a knowledge-gap relating to how canopy disturbances infl.e.ce tree-regeneration patterns at local scale,and if they disproportionately favor regeneration of certain *** aim to analyze whether canopy gaps promote tree regeneration,and tree species are specialized to gaps or understory for germination and *** sampled vegetation in 128 plots(0.01 ha),equally distributed in gaps and below canopy,in two subtropical Shorea robusta Gaertn.(Sal)forests in Nepal,recording the number of tree seedlings and saplings in each *** compared the regeneration density of seedlings and saplings separately between gaps and the *** mean densities of seedlings and saplings were higher in the gaps at both sites;although there was no difference in the seedling density of the majority of the species between the *** species were confined to either gap or understorey at the seedling *** conclude that gaps are not critical for the germination of tree species in Sal forests but these are an important habitat for enabling seedlings to survive into *** classification of trees into regeneration guilds mainly based on germination does not apply to the majority of tree species in subtropical Sal *** results reaffirm that gap creation promotes tree regeneration by favouring seedling survival and growth and can infl.e.ce forest management for conservation,as well as for plantations.

关键词： Canopy-gap Density Regeneration Saplings Seedlings Shade tolerance

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