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Long-term treatment outcomes of clevudine in antiviral-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第47期18卷 6943-6950页

作者： Suk Bae Kim Il Han Song Young Min Kim Ran Noh Ha Yan Kang Hyang Ie lee Hyeon Yoong Yang An Na Kim Hee Bok Chae Sae Hwan lee Hong Soo Kim Tae Hee lee Young Woo Kang Eaum seok lee seok Hyun Kim Byung seok lee Heon Young lee Department of Internal Medicine Dankook University College of MedicineCheonan 330-715South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Eulji University College of MedicineDaejeon 302-779South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Chungbuk University College of MedicineCheongju 362-711South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Soonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonan 330-090South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Konyang University College of MedicineDaejeon 371-718South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Chungnam University College of MedicineDaejeon 301-721South Korea

AIM:To evaluate the treatment outcomes of clevudine compared with entecavir in antiviral-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of CHB patients treated with clevudine 30 mg/d and compared their clinical outcomes with patients treated with entecavir 0.5 mg/*** biochemical response,as assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity,virologic response,as assessed by serum hepatitis B virus DNA(HBV DNA) titer,serologic response,as assessed by hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) status,and virologic breakthrough with genotypic mutations were ***:Two-hundred and fifty-four patients [clevudine(n = 118) vs entecavir(n = 136)] were *** clevudine-treated patients,the cumulative rates of serum ALT normalization were 83.9% at week 48 and 91.5% at week 96(80.9% and 91.2% in the entecavir group,respectively),the mean titer changes in serum HBV DNA were-6.03 and-6.55 log 10 copies/mL(-6.35 and-6.86 log 10 copies/mL,respectively,in the entecavir group),and the cumulative non-detection rates of serum HBV DNA were 72.6% and 83.1%(74.4% and 83.8%,respectively,in the entecavir group).These results were similar to those of entecavir-treated *** cumulative rates of HBeAg seroconversion were 21.8% at week 48 and 25.0% at week 96 in patients treated with clevudine,which was similar to patients treated with entecavir(22.8% and 27.7%,respectively).The virologic breakthrough in the clevudine group occurred in 9(7.6%) patients at weeks 48 and 15(12.7%) patients at week 96,which primarily corresponded to genotypic mutations of rtM204I and/or *** was no virologic breakthrough in the entecavir ***:In antiviral-naive CHB patients,longterm treatment outcomes of clevudine were not inferior to those of entecavir,except for virologic breakthrough.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Clevudine Entecavir Treatment outcomes

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Anti-cancer effect of ethylacetate fraction from Orostachys japonicus on HT-29 human colon cancer cells by induction of apoptosis through caspase-dependent signaling pathway

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第5期11卷 330-335页

作者： Deok-Seon Ryu Hyun-Ji lee Ji-Hye Kwon Dong-seok lee Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science Soonchunhyang University Department of Smart Foods and Drugs Graduate School of Inje University

Objective: To investigate the anti-colon cancer effects of ethylacetate fraction from Orostachys japonicus(0. japonicus) on HT-29 cancer cells. Methods: The viability of HT-29 cells was assayed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium(MTS) method. Apoptosis induction and cell cycle inhibition were confirmed by fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining using flow *** changes in the nucleus were observed, using a fluorescence microscope with4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) nuclear staining. The expression levels of the upstream and downstream proteins involved in the anti-cancer mechanism were confirmed by Western blotting. Results: After treating HT-29 cells with different concentrations of ethylacetate fraction from O. japonicus, the viability of cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner,while apoptosis induction and apoptotic body formation increased. Cell cycle analysis showed that the arrest occurred at the sub-G_1 and S phase. Among the upstream and downstream proteins involved in anti-cancer activity, the level of B cell lymphoma-2 decreased, and the bcl-2-associated x protein increased. The level of pro-caspase-3, pro-caspase-8, and pro-caspase-9 decreased, while the level of cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-8, and cleaved-caspase-9 increased. Moreover, the phosphorylation, that is, activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, Jun-N-terminal kinase, and p38 increased. Conclusions: Combining the above results, it is thought that the survival of HT-29 cells is suppressed by ethylacetate fraction from0. japonicus through mitochondrial regulation-induced caspase cascade activation, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

关键词： Orostachys japonicus HT-29 human colon cancer cells Anti-cancer activity Apoptosis Caspase cascade

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Early recovery process and restoration planning of burned pine forests in central eastern Korea

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 243-255页

作者： Ji Hong An Chi Hong Lim Yong Chan Cho Chang seok lee Department of Bio and Environmental Technology Seoul Women's University Division of Plant Conservation Korea National Arboretum

In central eastern Korea, there has been a continued effort to sustain pine forests because of their value for wood and mushroom production, as well as for other resources. Through the analysis of previously burned areas,we clarified the effects of fire on vegetation dynamics of pine forests by measuring changes in species composition,population structure, and the growth rates of major tree species. Vegetation analysis was conducted on a series of 100 m^2 plots established in Korean red pine(Pinus densiflora Siebold. & Zucc.) and Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica Fisch. Ex Ledeb.) forests situated in three different topographic positions on slopes where fire severity varied. We confirmed that most pine trees will succumb to even a surface fire, whereas oak may be killed following high intensity or infrequent fires but will sprout and become dominant. Complete protection from fire favors other, more shade-tolerant deciduous hardwoods. Different restoration plans apply, based on observed vegetation responses for each topographic zone. Near the ridge top,where pine seed sources are most limited, it may be necessary to restore pine forests by planting and to control competing shrubs and herbs. At the mountain foot, where exotic species and species modified by hybridization have invaded aggressively, restoration that involves the introduction of natural vegetation is required. Mid-slope sites,where pine has been replaced by natural vegetation dominated by Mongolian oak, do not require any form of restorative treatment.

关键词： Vegetation succession Vegetation type Fire severity Fire disturbance Landscape structure

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Expression and Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons with Special Focus on Nav1.7,Species Differences, and Regulation by Paclitaxel

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第1期34卷 4-12页

作者： Wonseok Chang Temugin Berta Yong Ho Kim Sanghoon lee seok-Yong lee Ru-Rong Ji Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine Eulji University Daejeon Korea Pain Research Center Department of Anesthesiology University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati OH 45267 USA D epartment of Physiology College of Medicine Gachon University Incheon Korea Department of Biochemistry Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Department of Neurobiology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

Voltage-gated sodium channels （Navs） play an important role in human pain sensation. However, the expression and role of Nav subtypes in native human sensory neurons are unclear. To address this issue, we obtained human dorsal root ganglion （hDRG） tissues from healthy donors. PCR analysis of seven DRG-expressed Nav subtypes revealed that the hDRG has higher expression of Navl.7 （,-~ 50% of total Nav expression） and lower expres- sion of Navl.8 （~ 12%）, whereas the mouse DRG has higher expression of Nav 1.8 （- 45%） and lower expression of Navl.7 （- 18%）. To mimic Nav regulation in chronic pain, we treated hDRG neurons in primary cultures with paclitaxel （0.1-1 μmol/L） for 24 h. Paclitaxel increased the Navl.7 but not Navl.8 expression and also increased the transient Na＋ currents and action potential firing frequency in small-diameter （〈50 ~tm） hDRG neurons. Thus, the hDRG provides a translational model in which to study ＂human pain in a dish＂ and test new pain therapeutics.

关键词： Dorsal root ganglion Neuropathic pain Paclitaxel Voltage-gated sodium channels

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Cold-temperature deformation of nano-sized tungsten and niobium as revealed by in-situ nano-mechanical experiments

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2014年第4期57卷 652-662页

作者： lee seok-Woo CHENG YinTong RYU Ill GREER Julia R. Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology School of Engineering Brown University

We constructed and developed an in-situ cryogenic nanomechanical system to study small-scale mechanical behavior of materials at low temperatures. Uniaxial compression of two body-centered-cubic （bcc） metals, Nb and W, with diameters between 400 and 1300 rim, was studied at room temperature and at 165 K. Experiments were conducted inside of a Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） equipped with a nanomechanical module, with simultaneous cooling of sample and diamond tip. Stress-strain data at 165 K exhibited higher yield strengths and more extensive strain bursts on average, as compared to those at 298 K. We discuss these differences in the framework of nano-sized plasticity and intrinsic lattice resistance. Dislocation dynamics simulations with surface-controlled dislocation multiplication were used to gain insight into size and temperature effects on deformation of nano-sized bcc metals.

关键词： dislocation plasticity metal nanopillar cryogenics

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Deduction of a meteorological phenology indicator from reconstructed MODIS LST imagery

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2205-2216页

作者： Chi Hong Lim Song Hie Jung Nam Shin Kim Chang seok lee Department of Bio and Environmnetal Technology Graduate SchoolSeoul Women’s UniversitySeoul Republic of Korea Research Team on Ecological and Natural Map National Institute of EcologySeocheon Choongnam Republic of Korea Department of Bio and Environmnetal Technology Seoul Women’s UniversitySeoul Republic of Korea

Phenology is a valuable attribute of vegetation to assess the biological impacts from climate change.A challenge of phenological research is to obtain information on both high temporal resolution and fine spatial scale ***,we constructed an air temperature map based on temporal merging and spatial interpolation algorithms to overcome the cloud-related problem from the MODIS LST ***,we derived the accumulated growing degree days(AGDD)from the constructed mean air temperature map to use as a meteorological ***,we verified the indicator with the seasonal mean air temperature and the green-up date of a Quercus mongolica forest determined from the field-based *** AGDD threshold for each *** forest when the first leaf has unfolded was detected from the EXG trajectory extracted from digital camera images.A comparison between meteorological and MODIS-derived AGDD showed good agreement between *** was also high consistency between DoYs extracted from AGDD and EVI based on curvature K for *** forests of 30 sampling sites throughout South *** results prove that microclimatic factors such as elevation,waterbody,and land-use intensity were faithfully reflected in the reconstructed ***,the results of this study could be applied effectively in areas where microclimatic variation is very severe and for monitoring phenology of undergrowth,which is difficult to detect from reflectance imaging.

关键词： Climate change Digital camera Growing degree days MODIS Phenology Quercus mongolica

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Supersonically sprayed self-aligne d rGO nanosheets and ZnO/ZnMn_(2)O_(4)nanowires for high-energy and high-power-density supercapacitors

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第6期137卷 193-204页

作者： Chanwoo Park Edmund Samuel Byeong-Yeop Kim Seongpil An Hae-seok lee Sam S.Yoon School of Mechanical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Energy Environment Policy and Technology Graduate School of Energy and Environment(KU-KIST Green School)Korea UniversityRepublic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology(SAINT)and Department of Nano Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea

Core-shell-type bimetallic oxide and carbon composites comprising zinc oxide(ZnO)nanospheres and zinc manganese oxide(ZnMn_(2)O_(4))nanowires were produced by a hydrothermal method,and supersoni-cally sprayed together with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)nanosheets onto Ni foil to fabricate flexible *** supersonic impact facilitated the exfoliation of the rGO nanosheets,thereby increasing the surface area and adhesion of the composite particles to the *** rGO nanosheets were vertically aligned during the supersonic impact and formed localized zones,enabling optimal accommodation of the ZnO/ZnMn_(2)O_(4)*** localization,with the addition of rGO,reduced the agglomeration of ZnO/ZnMn_(2)O_(4)*** molar concentration of MnSO_(4)used in the synthesis of ZnO/ZnMn_(2)O_(4)was varied from 0.05 to 0.15 mol/L to determine the optimal MnSO_(4)concentration that would result in the highest energy storage *** unique nanostructure of ZnO/ZnMn_(2)O_(4)and the self-alignment of rGO sheets facilitated a favorable environment for high energy storage capability with a specific capaci-tance of 276.3 mF·cm^(−2)at a current density of 0.5 mA·cm^(−2)and an energy density of 98.2μWh·cm^(−2)at a power density of 1600μW·cm^(−2).The width of the potential window was increased to 1.2 V,imply-ing a significant increase in the energy storage capability of the *** retention of 88%was achieved after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles for the supercapacitor fabricated using an optimal MnSO_(4)concentration(0.10 mol/L)during the composite synthesis.

关键词： ZnO/ZnMn_(2)O_(4)nanowires rGO nanosheets Hydrothermal method Supersonic spraying Supercapacitor

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Effects of Applied Stresses on Martensite Transformation in AISI4340 Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2007年第6期14卷 63-67页

作者： ZHAO Hong zhuang seok-jae lee Young-kook lee LIU Xiang-hua WANG Guo-dong State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 Liaoning China Department of Metallurgical Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 South Korea

This study aims at the experimental analysis of the transformation induced plasticity （TRIP） phenomenon. Experiments are conducted in which martensite is allowed to grow under the influence of a series of externally applied stresses. The magnitude of the applied stresses is less than 67% of the yield strength of austenite σγ （Ts）. Since there is no obvious difference between the transformation plasticity under tension and the compression for the lower applied stresses, only compressive stresses are applied. The results confirm that the transformation plasticity is proportional to the applied stress if the latter does not exceed 67 % of σγ （Ts）. The TRiP-strain, the kinetics, and their dependence on the applied stresses are studied. The comparison between calculated results and experimental results shows that the model accurately describes the phenomenon.

关键词： applied stress TRIP martensite transformation low-alloy steel

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Safety and efficacy of tenofovir in chronic hepatitis B-related decompensated cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第13期23卷 2396-2403页

作者： Soon Kyu lee Myeong Jun Song seok Hyun Kim Byung seok lee Tae Hee lee Young Woo Kang Suk Bae Kim Il Han Song Hee Bok Chae Soon Young Ko Jae Dong lee Division of Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineDaejeon St.Mary's HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Chungnam University Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Konyang University Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Dankook University Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Chung Buk University Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Konkuk University Chungju Hospital

AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF) as a first-line therapy in decompensated liver disease. METHODS We enrolled 174 chronic hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis patients treated with 300 mg/d TDF at six Korean centers. Of the 174 cirrhosis patients, 57 were assigned to the decompensated cirrhosis group and 117 were assigned to the compensated cirrhosis group. We followed the patients for 12 mo and evaluated clinical outcomes, including biochemical, virological, and serological responses. We also evaluated changes in hepatic and renal function and compared the decompensated and compensated cirrhosis groups. RESULTS The 1-year complete virological response(CVR) and Hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag) seroconversion were seen in 70.2% and 14.2% in the decompensated cirrhosis group, respectively. The rates of HBe Ag seroconversion/loss and ALT normalization at month 12 were similar in both groups. TDF treatment was also effective for decreasing the level of hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA in both groups, but CVR was higher in the compensated group(88.9% vs 70.2%, P = 0.005). Tenofovir treatment for 12 mo resulted in improved Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP) and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) scores in decompensated group(P < 0.001). Of the 57 decompensated patients, 39(68.4%) achieved CTP class A and 27(49.1%) showed improvement in the CTP score of 2 points after 12 mo of TDF. The observed rate of confirmed 0.5 mg/d L increases in serum levels of creatinine in the decompensated and compensated cirrhosis group were 7.0% and 2.5%, respectively(P < 1.000).CONCLUSION TDF therapy in decompensated cirrhosis patients was effective for decreasing HBV DNA levels and improving hepatic function with relatively lower CVR than in compensated cirrhosis. Thus, physicians should carefully monitor not only renal function but also treatment responses when using TDF in decompensated cirrhosis patients.

关键词： Tenofovir Decompensated liver cirrhosis Compensated liver cirrhosis Virological response Renal safety

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Study on the current structure of the thermohaline front in the southeastern entrance of the Yellow Sea during winter

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第12期34卷 29-36页

作者： OH Kyung-Hee lee seok LIE Heung-Jae JUNG Kyung Tae QIAO Fangli Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

A thermohaline front is located at the southeastern entrance of the Yellow Sea in winter, and it is generated by the intrusion of warm saline water into the Yellow Sea caused by a strong northerly wind. Recently, a westward transversal current traveling away from the west coast of Korea toward the open sea area along the front was reported. The westward transversal current is dominant in the surface layer during the temperature inversion period. The formation and structure of this current are examined using a numerical vertical ocean-slice *** two different water masses meet, a front is formed and adjusted geostrophically. In this frontal zone, a horizontal pressure gradient flow by the vertically inclined isopycnal occurs under the thermal wind process in a baroclinic effect, and the cold fresh coastal water moves westward along the front in the upper layer. The barotropic effect across the front and the bottom friction effect strengthen the westward component of the velocity. The velocity of the bottom layer decreases remarkably in the increase of the bottom drag coefficient. This means that the bottom friction with the strong background tidal current causes a reduction in the current in the bottom layer.

关键词： Geostrophic adjustment Southeastern Yellow Sea Thermohaline front Thermal wind Westward transversal current

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