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Modeling and Comprehensive Review of Signaling Storms in 3GPP-Based Mobile Broadband Networks:Causes,Solutions,and Countermeasures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 123-153页

作者： Muhammad Qasim khan Fazal Malik Fahad Alturise Noor Rahman Department of Computer Science Iqra National UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Cybersecurity College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah52555Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Al-Fayha CollegeAl Jubayl31961Saudi Arabia

Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks,including the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)mobile broadband ***,they consume important and scarce network resources such as bandwidth and processing *** have been several reports of these control signaling turning into signaling storms halting network operations and causing the respective Telecom companies big financial *** paper draws its motivation from such real network disaster incidents attributed to signaling *** this paper,we present a thorough survey of the causes,of the signaling storm problems in 3GPP-based mobile broadband networks and discuss in detail their possible solutions and *** provide relevant analytical models to help quantify the effect of the potential causes and benefits of their corresponding *** important contribution of this paper is the comparison of the possible causes and solutions/countermeasures,concerning their effect on several important network aspects such as architecture,additional signaling,fidelity,etc.,in the form of a *** paper presents an update and an extension of our earlier conference *** our knowledge,no similar survey study exists on the subject.

关键词： Signaling storm problems control signaling load analytical modeling 3GPP networks smart devices diameter signaling mobile broadband data access data traffic mobility management signaling network architecture 5G mobile communication

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Effect of kappa distribution on the damping rate of the obliquely propagating magnetosonic mode

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第3期20卷 43-48页

作者： imran Ali khan G MURTAZA Department of Physics G. C. University Lahore Katchery Road 54000 Lahore Pakistan

Data from spacecrafts suggest that space plasma has an abundance of suprathermal particles which are controlled by the spectral index κ when modeled on kappa particle velocity distribution. In this paper, considering homogeneous plasma, the effect of integer values of κ on the damping rate of an obliquely propagating magnetosonic（MS） wave is studied. The frequency of the MS wave is assumed to be less than ion cyclotron frequency, i.e.,iw（28）w. Under this assumption, the dispersion relation is investigated both numerically and analytically, and it is found that the real frequency of the wave is not a sensitive function of κ, but the imaginary part of the frequency is. It is also shown that for those values of κ where a large number of resonant particles participate in wave–particle interaction, the wave is heavily damped, as expected. The possible application of the results to the solar wind is discussed.

关键词： magnetosonic wave suprathermal plasma wave-particle interactions damping of wave

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Landsat based distribution mapping of high-altitude peatlands in Hindu Kush Himalayas–a case study of Broghil Valley, Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第1期17卷 42-49页

作者： Ahmad khan Ahmad SAID imran ULLAH Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20770USA True Green Office 20 Raffaele RoadPlymouthMA 02360USA Departments of Paediatrics and Biochemistry University of TexasSouthwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas 75235USA

In the alpine regions of Hindu Kush,Himalayas and Karakorum, climatic and topographic conditions can support the formation of peat,important for the livelihood of the local communities,and ecological services alike. These peatlands are a source of fuel for the local community, habitat for nesting birds, and water regulation at source for ***-based surveys of high-altitude peatlands are not only difficult, but also expensive and time consuming. Therefore, a method using cost-effective remote sensing technology is required. In this article we assessed the distribution and extent of highaltitude peatlands in a 2000 ha area of Broghil Valley using Landsat 8 data. The composite image was trained using a priori knowledge of the area, and classified into peatland and non-peatland land covers using a supervised decision tree algorithm. The Landsat-based classification map was compared with field data collected with a differential GPS. This comparison suggests 82% overall accuracy, which is fairly high for high altitude areas. The method was successfully applied and has the potential to be replicated for other areas in Pakistan and the highaltitude regions of the neighbouring Asian countries.

关键词： Peatland distribution Chitral Qurumbar Wakhi Hindu Kush Yarkhun

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Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of certain Morus species

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2010年第12期11卷 973-980页

作者： Mohammad imran Hamayun khan Mohibullah SHAH Rasool khan Faridullah khan Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar Department of Chemistry Islamia College University Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex

In the present work,the fruits of four Morus species,namely Morus alba (white mulberry),Morus nigra (black mulberry),Morus laevigata (large white fruit),and Morus laevigata (large black fruit),were analyzed for proximate composition,essential minerals,and antioxidant *** this purpose,the ripe fruits were collected from the northern regions of *** major nutritional components moisture,ash,lipids,proteins,fibres,carbohydrates,and total sugar) were found to be in the suitable range along with good computed *** dry weight,pH,and titratable acidity (percent citric acid) were (17.60±1.94)–(21.97±2.34) mg/100 g,(3.20±0.07)–(4.78±0.15),and (0.84±0.40)%–(2.00±0.08)%,*** riboflavin (vitamin B2) and niacin (vitamin B3) contents were recorded in all the fruits,while ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was in the range from (15.20±1.25) to (17.03±1.71) mg/100 g fresh weight (FW).The mulberry fruits were rich with regard to the total phenol and alkaloid contents,having values of (880±7.20)–(1650±12.25) mg/100 g FW and (390±3.22)–(660±5.25) mg/100 g FW,*** quantities of essential macro-(K,Ca,Mg,and Na) and micro-(Fe,Zn,and Ni) elements were found in all the fruits.K was the predominant element with concentration ranging from (1270±9.36) to (1731±11.50) mg/100 g,while Ca,Na,and Mg contents were (440±3.21)–(576±7.37),(260±3.86)–(280±3.50),and (240±3.51)–(360±4.20) mg/100 g,*** decreasing order of micro-minerals was Fe>Zn>*** radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of fruits was concentration-dependent and showed a correlation with total phenolic constituents of the respective *** on the results obtained,mulberry fruits were found to serve as a potential source of food diet and natural antioxidants.

关键词： Mulberry fruits Chemical composition 2 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity Nutritional value. Pakistan

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Comparative study of living donor kidney transplants:Right vs left

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第1期15卷 115-123页

作者： Taqi khan Nadeem Ahmad Qaisar Iqbal Muneeb Hassan Lajward Asnath Naveed khan Sajid Shakeel Kidney Transplant Unit Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25100Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Surgery Princess Noura Binti AbdulRehman UniversityRiyadh 84428Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Transplant teams often hesitate to use the right kidney(RK)in living donor(LD)transplants due to the complexities of anastomosing the short,thin-walled right renal veins,which can potentially lead to graft loss or graft ***,circumstances may arise where selecting the RK over the left kidney(LK)is ***,it is crucial to thoroughly examine the implications of such a choice on the overall transplant *** To compare transplant outcomes between recipients of RK and LK while examining the factors that influence these *** We retrospectively analyzed data from adult patients who received LD kidney transplants involving meticulous patient selection and surgical techniques at our center from January 2020 to December *** included all kidney donors who were over 18,fit to donate,and had undergone diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid split function and/or computed tomography based *** variables examined comprised donor and recipient demographics,and outcome measures included technical graft loss(TGL),delayed or slow graft function(SGF),and post-transplant serum creatinine(SC)*** used a logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes considering the donor kidney *** Of the 250 transplants performed during the period,56(22%)were *** recipient demographics and transplant factors were comparable for the right and LKs,except that the donor warm and cold ischemia time were shorter for *** and SGF each occurred in 2%(n=1)of RKs and 0.5%(n=1)of LKs,the difference being *** complications,however,were not related to the venous *** RK(2%)developed delayed graft function after 48 hours,which was attributable to postoperative hypoxia rather than the surgical *** post-transplant SC trend and mean SC at the last follow-up were similar across both kidney *** The donor kidney side has little impact on post-transplant

关键词： Living donor Right kidney Right renal vein Venous anastomosis Technical graft loss Early graft function

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Physicochemical characteristics of various milk samples available in Pakistan

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第7期9卷 546-551页

作者： Mohammad imran Hamayun khan Syed Shah HASSAN Rasool khan Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar Peshawar-25120 Pakistan Department of Chemistry Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat-26000 Pakistan

We report physicochemical characteristics of various kinds of liquid milk commercially available in Pakistan in comparison with those of fresh natural milk from animals. Milk samples were collected from local markets at Peshawar, Pakistan, and analyzed for their physical features, including moisture, total solids, specific gravity, conductivity, viscosity and titratable acidity (lactic acid equivalent), and chemical components and macro-minerals, including total protein, casein, lactose, ash and minerals (Na, K and Mg). These items were compared with the physicochemical characteristics of the fresh natural milk samples from buffalo, cow and goat. The results were also compared with reported nutritional quality of milk from various countries and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. We found that all the physical features and chemical components of commercially available milk in Pakistan markets meet WHO's requirements, except for Na, K, Ca and Mg, which are below the standards.

关键词： Milk Physicochemical characteristics Pakistan

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Traceability implementation in food supply chain: A grey-DEMATEL approach

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2019年第3期6卷 335-348页

作者： Abid Haleem Shahbaz khan Mohd imran.khan Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyJamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi 110025India

Numerous incidents of food adulteration,fraudulence and foodborne disease outbreaks have shaken the consumer confidence towards the food they *** incidents compel the Food Supply Chain(FSC)partners to implement an appropriate traceability system in their respective supply chains to sustain the consumer *** objective of this research is to identify the drivers(major factors)which play a significant role in the successful implementation of the traceability system in FSC and evaluate the causal relationships developing *** drivers are identified towards implementation of the traceability system in FSC through literature review and supported with expert’s *** grey-based DEMATEL approach is identified to evaluate these relationships among the drivers according to their net ***,these drivers ranked based on the prominence and effect *** finding of this research shows that the drivers are clustered into two groups namely:influential(cause)and influenced(effect)*** drivers belong to the influential group,and remaining eight are from the influenced *** most influential driver is the “food safety and quality”which provide a significant effect on the implementation of a traceability *** research can be a building block to develop a framework to implement the traceability system within FSC and assist the policymakers,and practitioners to identify and evaluate drivers related to the implementation of traceability system in *** paper also provides a useful insight&support to the practitioners and managers in decision making for traceability implementation related issues。

关键词： Drivers Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL) Food safety and quality Food Supply Chain(FSC) Traceability

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Degradation of malathion by Pseudomonas during activated sludge treatment system using principal component analysis (PCA)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第4期18卷 797-804页

作者： Hashmi imran.khan M Altaf Kim Jong-Guk Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering National University of S ciences and Technology Tamiz uddin Road Rawalpindi Pakistan Institute of E nvironmental Studies University of Karachi Karachi-75270 Pakistan Departm ent of Environmental Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Chon buk National University 664-14 Duckjin-Dong 1-Gu Chonju 560-756 South Korea

Popular descriptive multivariate statistical method currently employed is the principal component analyses （PCA） method. PCA is used to develop linear combinations that successively maximize the total variance of a sample where there is no known group structure. This study aimed at demonstrating the performance evaluation of pilot activated sludge treatment system by inoculating a strain of Pseudomonas capable of degrading malathion which was isolated by enrichment technique. An intensive analytical program was followed for evaluating the efficiency of biosimulator by maintaining the dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration at 4.0 mg/L. Analyses by high performance liquid chromatographic technique revealed that 90% of malathion removal was achieved within 29 h of treatment whereas COD got reduced considerably during the treatment process and mean removal efficiency was found to be 78%. The mean pH values increased gradually during the treatment process ranging from 7.36-8.54. Similarly the mean ammonia-nitrogen （NH3-N） values were found to be fluctuating between 19.425-28.488 mg/L, mean nitrite-nitrogen （NO3-N） ranging between 1.301- 2.940 mg/L and mean nitrate-nitrogen （NO3-N） ranging between 0.0071-0.0711 mg/L. The study revealed that inoculation of bacterial culture under laboratory conditions could be used in bioremediation of environmental pollution caused by xenobiotics. The PCA analyses showed that pH, COD, organic load and total malathion concentration were highly correlated and emerged as the variables controlling the first component, whereas dissolved oxygen, NO3-N and NH3-N governed the second component. The third component repeated the trend exhibited by the first two components.

关键词： activated sludge system malathion, principal component analyses (PCA) raw wastewater removal efficiency

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An efficient resource optimization scheme for D2D communication

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第6期8卷 1122-1129页

作者： Mohammad Haseeb Zafar imran.khan Madini O.Alassafi Faculty of Computing and IT King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Cardiff School of Technologies Cardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiffUK Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar814Pakistan

With the rapid development of wireless technologies,wireless access networks have entered their Fifth-Generation(5G)system *** heterogeneous and complex nature of a 5G system,with its numerous technological scenarios,poses significant challenges to wireless resource management,making radio resource optimization an important aspect of Device-to-Device(D2D)communication in such *** D2D communication can improve spectrum efficiency,increase system capacity,and reduce base station communication burdens by sharing authorized cell resources;however,can also cause serious ***,research focusing on reducing this interference by optimizing the configuration of shared cellular resources has also grown in *** paper proposes a novel algorithm to address the problems of co-channel interference and energy efficiency optimization in a long-term evolution *** proposed algorithm uses the fuzzy clustering method,which employs minimum outage probability to divide D2D users into several groups in order to improve system throughput and reduce interference between *** efficient power control algorithm based on game theory is also proposed to optimize user transmission power within each group and thereby improve user energy *** results show that these proposed algorithms can effectively improve system throughput,reduce co-channel interference,and enhance energy efficiency.

关键词： Radio resource management Energy efficiency optimization Inter:face mitigation

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Effectiveness of radiative heat flux in MHD flow of Jeffrey-nanofluid subject to Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2019年第2期31卷 421-427页

作者： Muhammad Ijaz khan Tasawar Hayat Muhammad Waqas Ahmed Alsaedi Muhammad imran.khan Department of Mathematics Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics(NAAM)Research Group Department of MathematicsFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Heriot Watt University Edinburgh CampusEdinburghUK

Our interest here in this investigation is to explore the thermophoresis and Brownian motion characteristics in flow induced by stretched *** conducted Jeffrey material formulates the flow *** forms of stretching and free stream velocities are *** radiation and convective heating processes describe the phenomenon of heat *** controls of nanoparticles are considered on the *** compatible transformations produce the strong nonlinear differential *** problems are computed analytically utilizing *** nee domain is detennined and major results are concluded for different parameters *** transfer rate and drag force are also explained for various physical *** analysis reveals that heat transfer rate augments via larger radiation parameter and Biot *** larger Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters have opposite characteristics on concentration field.

关键词： Jeffrey nanomaterial non-linear radiative heat flux convective boundary conditions.Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions

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