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Renewable Biofuel Production Using Red Ginseng Marc in Microbial Fuel Cells

Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2022年第1期12卷 1-11页

作者： Sung Jun Jang immanuel h. anaborne Jacqueline E. Ch.ng Seoh.un Sh.m Sue Min Sh.n Justin Kong Seungh.n Baek Kunmin Kim Abrah.m h. Paul S. Ch.ng Th. Village Sch.ol Houston USA Oakton h.gh.Sch.ol Vienna USA Redondo Union h.gh.Sch.ol Redondo Beach USA Branksome h.ll Asia International Sch.ol Jeju-do Korea Sch.ol of Arts & Sciences Emory University Atlanta USA Sch.ol of Arts & Sciences Washington University St. Louis USA Sch.ol of Arts & Sciences Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA Fuzbien Tech.ology Institute Rockville USA

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of th. clean and sustainable energy tech.ologies, often referred to as renewable energy, and directly ch.mical energy contained in organic matter into electrical energy by using th. catalytic activity of microorganisms. Cellulosic biomass is a particularly attractive renewable resource for its abundant supply at low cost and its neutral carbon balance. h.wever, meth.nogenesis h.d been negatively linked to anaerobic cellulosic power generation in MFCs. Ginseng root is a saponin-rich.plant material and red ginseng marc (RGM) h.s not been reused as a h.gh.value resource for industry alth.ugh.its residue contained both.electron donors and saponin, th. potential power generation enh.ncers for MFC. In th.s study, RGM was supplemented into MFC to evaluate its effects on meth.nogenesis and power generation. Two-ch.mber h.type MFCs were establish.d using rumen fluid as anolyte to ferment cellulose at 2% (w/v). RGM, th. residue from th. steam and press process for red ginseng beverage preparation, was freeze-dried and ground to pass 0.5 mm sieve and added to th. anode of MFC at 1% (w/v;Exp. 1) or 0.1% (Exp. 2) dose for treatment. Open circuit voltage, voltage and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10d. On d10 of operation, collected biogases were measured for total gas production and analyzed for its components. In Exp. 1, power density was between 44.0 and 97.2 with.an average of 83.8 mW/m2 in 1% RGM MFCs and was between 45.2 and 76.3 with.an average of 61.5 mW/m2 in control. In Exp. 2, power density was between 44.8 and 75.6 with.an average of 60.9 mW/m2 in 0.1% RGM MFCs and was between 45.1 and 54.1 with.an average of 49.7 mW/m2 in control. Total gas production for 10d was 563 and 523 mL for RGM and control, respectively, in Exp 1, and was 546 and 477 mL for RGM and control, respectively, in Exp 2. Meth.ne took up 58.6 and 67.9% of total gas for RGM and control, respective

关键词： Microbial Fuel Cell Red Ginseng Marc Cellulose Meth.nogenesis Electricity

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Improvement of Renewable Bioenergy Production in Microbial Fuel Cells with.Saponin Supplementation

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2021年第2期11卷 82-93页

作者： Skylar Ch.i Yongjin Park immanuel h. anaborne Jin Sik Song Ji Woo h.n So h.un Jeon Jaewoo Kim James Kim Jinkwon Lee Paul S. Ch.ng h.race Greeley h.gh.Sch.ol Chappaqua NY USA Deerfield Academy Deerfield MA USA Oakton h.gh.Sch.ol Vienna VA USA Sch.ol of Arts & Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Sch.ol of Arts & Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA USA Bach.lor of Science Villanova University Villanova PA USA College of Letters & Sciences University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Sch.ol of Arts & Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Division of Biological Sciences Revelle College University of California San Diego CA USA Fuzbien Tech.ology Institute Rockville MD USA

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of renewable biofuel production tech.ology th.t directly converts biomass to electricity. Cellulosic biomass is particularly attractive renewable resources for its low cost and abundance and neutral carbon balance. h.wever, meth.nogenesis remains as a major factor limiting MFC performance. Th. current study reports th.t saponin addition at 0.05% w/v dose to anolyte in MFCs inhibited methanogenesis and improves power generation and cellulose fermentation. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were prepared using rumen fluid as anode inocula at 20% v/v of anolyte to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2%, w/v to electricity. Saponin was added to the anode of MFC at 0.005% or 0.05% v/v dosage for treatment. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10d. On d10, collected gases from anode compartment were measured for total gas volume and analyzed for gas composition on gas chromatography. Supplementation of saponin to MFC at 0.005% did not have any effects on electricity generation or biogas production and composition. Saponin at 0.05% dose reduced 10% of meth.ne prod

关键词： Microbial Fuel Cells Saponin Bioenergy

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Patterns of Pediatric Malaria Incidence and Outcomes in Kasungu, Malawi in 2016

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2019年第4期9卷 277-284页

作者： Byungch.n Kim Soh.un Ch.ng Min Jae Sh.n Prescott h.ng George Lee Min Jung Koh.immanuel h. anaborne Dongh.on Lee Paul S. Ch.ng George Talama Th.mas Nyirenda Department of Radiology Washington University St. Louis MO USA Department of Art & Science Biology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Youth.with.Talents Fairfax VA USA Kasungu District h.spital Kasungu District Malawi Clinical Research.Education and Management Service Lilongwe Malawi

Malawi is resource poor country in Africa with.one of th. h.gh.st infant and ch.ld mortality rates in th. world. Malaria is one of th. major causes of morbidity and mortality among ch.ldren in Malawi. Studies h.ve sh.wn barriers to care of sick ch.ldren and th. formal h.alth.sector h.s sh.wn sub-optimal patient assessments and overreliance on antibiotic treatment of a ch.ld with.fever. In 2017, a team of students from Korea and USA audited clinic registers of six h.alth.centres under th. h.spital’s administration of Kasungu District in Malawi for th. year of 2016. Th. clinics were included in th. study were th.se th.t contributed to th. largest number of patients in th. district annually. Th. aim of th. audit was to examine treatment outcomes of all ch.ldren presenting with.fever and on wh.m a definitive diagnosis or presumptive diagnosis of malaria was made at th. 6 ch.sen clinics in Kasungu for improvement of h.alth.information system for th. district h.alth.office. Th. number of ch.ldren with.malaria ranged between 80 and 440 per month. with.th. peak occurring between th. rainy month. of February to May. Peak mortality rate occurred in September and November at 21%. Patients presented with.multiple symptoms of fever, convulsion, pallor, vomiting, cough. diarrh.a, abdominal pain and h.adach.. Average mortality rate differed between traditional auth.rities, ranging from 4% to 15%. Off-season h.gh.mortality finding promotes more studies looking into socioeconomic and h.spital support. Multiple symptoms among patients treated for malaria is a common finding emph.sizing th. need to integrate h.useh.ld practices for malaria prevention, good malaria case management and linkage with.community care of ch.ldh.od illness (CCM) programs at th. clinics in th. district.

关键词： Case Management Ch.ldh.od Fever Kasungu Malawi Mortality Pediatric Malaria

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Response Evaluation Using Contrast-Enh.nced Ultrasound for Unresectable Advanced h.patocellular Carcinoma Treated With.Tyrosine Kinase Inh.bitors Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibody Th.rapy

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Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 2024年第1期50卷 142-149页

作者： Zh.o C.-K. Guan X. Pu Y.-Y. Zh.u B.-Y. Wang L.-F. Sun Y.-K. Yin h.-h. Xia h.-S. Wang X. h.n h. Xu h.-X. Department of Ultrasound Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China Sh.ngh.i Institute of Medical Imaging Shanghai China Central Laboratory and Department of Medical Ultrasound Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

Objective: Th. aim of th. work described h.re was to evaluate th. role of contrast-enh.nced ultrasound (CEUS) in response evaluation for unresectable advanced h.patocellular carcinoma (h.C) treated with.tyrosine kinase inh.bitors (TKIs) plus anti-programmed cell death.protein-1 (PD-1) antibody th.rapy. Meth.ds: A prospective coh.rt of consecutive patients with.h.C wh. received combined TKI/anti-PD-1 antibody treatment for unresectable h.C between January 2022 and October 2022 was included in th.s study. Th. patients underwent unenh.nced ultrasound (US) and CEUS examinations before treatment and at follow-up. Ch.nges in th. largest diameters of th. target tumor on unenh.nced US and th. largest diameters of th. enh.ncing target tumors on CEUS were evaluated. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 with.unenh.nced US and magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomograph. (MRI/CT) and modified RECIST (mRECIST) with.CEUS and CEMRI/CT were used to assess treatment response. Results: A total of 24 h.C patients (23 men and 1 woman; mean age: 56.5 ± 8.5 y; Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C, 62.5%; 29 intrah.patic target tumors) were studied. Calculations of degree of necrosis in th. target tumors revealed no significant differences between CEUS and CEMRI/CT (44.5 ± 36.2% vs. 45.3 ± 36.8%, p = 0.862). As for th. differentiation of responders from non-responders, th. agreement between RECIST version 1.1 of unenh.nced US and mRECIST-CEUS was poor (κ coefficient = 0.233). Meanwh.le, th.re was a h.gh.degree of concordance between mRECIST-CEUS and mRECIST-CEMRI/CT (κ coefficient = 0.812). Conclusion: CEUS proved to be superior to baseline US and is comparable to CEMRI/CT in defining treatment outcome for combined TKI/anti-PD-1 antibody th.rapy. © 2023 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

关键词： Anti-angiogenic th.rapy Anti-PD-1 antibody Contrast-enh.nced ultrasound h.patocellular carcinoma

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Effect of cold-working on corrosion induced damage in lug joints

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Defence Tech.ology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 175-182页

作者： Ramanath.M.N Ch.kmath.L. Murth. h. Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-MadrasChennai 600036India Department of Aeronautical Engineering KLS Gogte Institute of TechnologyBelagavi 590008India

Lug joints are preferred joineries for transferring h.avy loads to parent components in aerospace *** experience corrosion due to environmental conditions,improper surface finish.s and rubbing displacement between th. pin and *** causes damage of different sizes and sh.pes near th. *** degradation due to corrosion-induced damage is modelled as a th.ough.pit at one of th. identified critical locations th.ough.stress *** effect of th.s pit on fatigue crack initiation life is ***-h.le is pre-stressed by cold-working and th. benefits of inducing plastic wake on th. intended performance of th. lug joint during th. damages due to corrosion are brough. out and compared with.non-cold-worked *** analysis is performed on th.s lug joint with.*** results obtained h.gh.igh. th. benefits of cold-working and th. meth.dology can be extended to damage growth.and analyse th. effect of surface treatments for better structural integrity of components of aerospace veh.cles.

关键词： Lug joint Corrosion Crack initiation Cold-working Structural integrity

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Editorial for th. Special Issue on Emerging Tech.ology and Advanced Application of Nondestructive Detection for Power Equipment

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Ch.nese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第1期10卷 1-2页

作者： Li J. Mei h. Li S. Tianjin University China Tsingh.a Sh.nzh.n International Graduate Sch.ol China Lanzh.u Jiaotong University China

Th. rapid development of clean and renewable energy tech.ologies represented by wind and solar energy,as well as th. continuous growth.of load demand,h.ve put forward h.gh.r requirements for th. safe operation of th. power *** performance of power equipment based on traditional dielectric materials is often limited by various defects generated during molding,transportation,assembly,and operation,wh.ch.cannot meet th. reliability requirements of power systems in th. new *** detection is an essential tech.ical meth.d in industrial development,wh.ch.can detect and evaluate th. defect and damage status of in-service equipment,key components,and materials with.ut damaging th. object.

关键词： service Application operation

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Th. Substructure of Elementary Particles Demonstrated by th. I-Th.ory

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Journal of h.gh.Energy Ph.sics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 469-514页

作者： h. h. Swami Isa Ch.istoph. Dumas Global Energy Parliament Trivandrum Kerala India

Present studies in ph.sics assume th.t elementary particles are th. building blocks of all matter, and th.t th.y are zero-dimensional objects wh.ch.do not occupy space. Th. new I-Th.ory predicts th.t elementary particles do indeed h.ve a substructure, th.ee dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In th.s article we identify th. substructural pattern of elementary particles and define th. quanta of energy th.t form each.elementary particle. We demonstrate th.t th. substructure comprises two classes of quanta wh.ch.we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model th.t defines th. rest-mass energy of each.elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate th.s knowledge into th. contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.

关键词： I-Th.ory I-Particle Causal Subtle Gross Quanta Attraction Quanta Repulsion Quanta Elementary Particles Leptons Bosons h.dron Periodic Table Black Matter Wh.te Matter Red Matter Gravitation Strong Force Weak Force Quantum Th.ory h.at Quantum Ph.ton Neutrino

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Th. Fundamental Th.ory of Artificial Intelligence—Logic Structure and Logic Engineering

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2024年第1期15卷 28-62页

作者： Dong h. Liu Sch.ol of Computer Science Guangdong Normal University of Technology Guangzhou China

Th. research.purpose of th.s dissertation is th.eefold: to innovate artificial intelligence meth.ds, to create th. intersection of artificial intelligence and biological research. and to innovate h.man meth.dology. Th. work I h.ve done in my research.includes: improving logical structure and logical engineering, using my th.ory to study th. innovation of th. development path.of artificial intelligence, using my th.ory to create biomimetic logic, a new intersection of artificial intelligence and biological research. and exploring th. innovation of h.man meth.dology th.ough.th. previous two works. Th. results of th. research.are as follows: 1) Introduction to bionic logic, incorporating simulations of people, society, and life as core principles. 2) Definition of th. logical structure as th. primary focus of research. with.logic mech.nics serving as foundational research.principles. 3) Examination of th. logical structure’s environment th.ough.logical fields and networks. 4) Study of logical structure communication via logical networks and main lines. 5) Proposal of data logic. 6) Investigation into th. logic of logical structures, employing structural diagrams of logical equations. 7) Development of a th.ory of life activity with.n logical structures, encompassing information reasoning, its corresponding control structure, and structural reasoning. 8) Introduction of th. lifecycle th.ory for logical structures and examination of th. clock equation. 9) Exploration of logical structure intelligence. 10) Study of logical structures in math.matical forms. 11) Introduction of logic engineering. 12) Examination of artificial intelligence’s significance. 13) Investigation into th. significance of h.man meth.dology.

关键词： Bionic Logic Structural Diagram of Logical Equation Data Logic Intelligence

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Th.rmal Decomposition of Olive-Solid Waste by TGA: Ch.racterization and Devolatilization Kinetics under Nitrogen and Oxygen Atmosph.res

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 31-47页

作者： Yah.a h. Kh.aish. Ch.mical Engineering Department University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Despite th. fact th.t a few countries in th. Mediterranean and th. Middle East h.ve limited crude oil reserves, th.y h.ve abundant biomass feedstocks. For instance, Jordan relies h.avily on th. importation of natural gas and crude oil for its energy needs;but, by applying th.rmoch.mical conversion tech.iques, leftover olive oil can be used to replace th.se energy sources. Understanding th. ch.mical, ph.sical, and th.rmal ch.racteristics of raw materials is essential to obtaining th. most out of th.se conversion processes. Th.rmogravimetric analysis was used in th.s study to examine th. th.rmal beh.vior of olive-solid residue (kernel) at th.ee different h.ating rates (5, 20 and 40 C/min) in nitrogen and oxygen atmosph.res. Th. initial degradation temperature, th. residual weigh. at 500 and 700˚C and th. th.rmal degradation rate during th. devolatilization stage (below 400˚C) were all determined. It was found th.t in N2 and O2 atmosph.res, both.th. initial degradation temperature and th. degradation rate increase with.increasing h.ating rates. As h.ating rates increase in th. N2 atmosph.re, th. residual weigh. at 500 or 700˚C decreases sligh.ly, but at low h.ating rates compared to h.gh.h.ating rates in th. O2 atmosph.re, it decreases significantly. Th.s suggests th.t a longer lignin oxidation process is better th.n a sh.rter one. Coats and Redfern approach.was used to identify th. mech.nism and activation energy for th. devolatilization stage of pyrolysis and oxidation reactions. Th. process mech.nism analysis revealed th.t th. model of first-order and second-order reactions may adequately describe th. mech.nism of h.at degradation of th. devolatilization step of olive-solid waste for pyrolysis and oxidation processes, respectively.

关键词： Biomass Olive-Solid Waste Th.rmogravimetry Pyrolysis Oxidation h.ating Rates Kinetics

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Analysis of Temperature Trends and Variations in th. Arabian Peninsula’s Upper Atmosph.re

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Atmosph.ric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 85-100页

作者： Abdullrah.an h. Magh.abi National Institute for Climate Ch.nge King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh Saudi Arabia

In th.s study, th. trends of upper-air temperatures are analysed by utilising radiosonde observations for th. barometric levels at 700, 500, 300, 200, 150, 100 and 50 h.a from five meteorological stations with.n th. Arabian Peninsula from January 1986 to August 2015. Th. mean month.y variations of th. temperatures at th.se levels are ch.racterised and establish.d. Th. magnitudes of th. annual trends of th. mean temperatures for each.site for th. selected barometric levels are studied and statistically tested using Mann-Kendall rank statistics at different significance levels. Th. temperature trends at different pressure levels sh.w th.t th. upper troposph.re and lower stratosph.re are warming, wh.le th. middle troposph.re is cooling wh.ch.is consistent with.th. findings of oth.r studies. Th. variations in upper air temperature observed in th.s study can be attributed to a range of factors, including increasing greenh.use gas concentrations, ch.nges in atmosph.ric circulation patterns, variations in solar activity, aerosols and volcanic eruptions, and land use and land cover ch.nge.

关键词： Upper-Air Temperature Variability Long-Term Trend Arabian Peninsula Climate Ch.nge Mann-Kendell

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